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///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// \author (c) Marco Paland (info@paland.com)

//             2014-2019, PALANDesign Hannover, Germany

//

// \license The MIT License (MIT)

//

// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy

// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights

// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell

// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is

// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

//

// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in

// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

//

// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR

// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,

// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE

// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER

// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,

// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN

// THE SOFTWARE.

//

// \brief Tiny printf, sprintf and (v)snprintf implementation, optimized for speed on

//        embedded systems with a very limited resources. These routines are thread

//        safe and reentrant!

//        Use this instead of the bloated standard/newlib printf cause these use

//        malloc for printf (and may not be thread safe).

//

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include 

#include 

#include 

#include "format_print.h"

// 'ntoa' conversion buffer size, this must be big enough to hold one converted

// numeric number including padded zeros (dynamically created on stack)

// default: 32 byte

#ifndef PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE

#define PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE    32U

#endif

// 'ftoa' conversion buffer size, this must be big enough to hold one converted

// float number including padded zeros (dynamically created on stack)

// default: 32 byte

#ifndef PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE

#define PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE    32U

#endif

// support for the floating point type (%f)

// default: activated

#ifndef PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_FLOAT

#define PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT

#endif

// support for exponential floating point notation (%e/%g)

// default: activated

#ifndef PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL

#define PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL

#endif

// define the default floating point precision

// default: 6 digits

#ifndef PRINTF_DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION

#define PRINTF_DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION  6U

#endif

// define the largest float suitable to print with %f

// default: 1e9

#ifndef PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT

#define PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT  1e9

#endif

// support for the long long types (%llu or %p)

// default: activated

#ifndef PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG

#define PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG

#endif

// support for the ptrdiff_t type (%t)

// ptrdiff_t is normally defined in  as long or long long type

// default: activated

#ifndef PRINTF_DISABLE_SUPPORT_PTRDIFF_T

#define PRINTF_SUPPORT_PTRDIFF_T

#endif

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// internal flag definitions

#define FLAGS_ZEROPAD   (1U <<  0U)

#define FLAGS_LEFT      (1U <<  1U)

#define FLAGS_PLUS      (1U <<  2U)

#define FLAGS_SPACE     (1U <<  3U)

#define FLAGS_HASH      (1U <<  4U)

#define FLAGS_UPPERCASE (1U <<  5U)

#define FLAGS_CHAR      (1U <<  6U)

#define FLAGS_SHORT     (1U <<  7U)

#define FLAGS_LONG      (1U <<  8U)

#define FLAGS_LONG_LONG (1U <<  9U)

#define FLAGS_PRECISION (1U << 10U)

#define FLAGS_ADAPT_EXP (1U << 11U)

// import float.h for DBL_MAX

#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT)

#include 

#endif

// internal buffer output

void _out_buffer(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen)

{

  if (idx < maxlen) {

    ((char*)buffer)[idx] = character;

  }

}

// internal null output

void _out_null(char character, void* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen)

{

  (void)character; (void)buffer; (void)idx; (void)maxlen;

}

// internal secure strlen

// \return The length of the string (excluding the terminating 0) limited by 'maxsize'

static inline unsigned int _strnlen_s(const char* str, size_t maxsize)

{

  const char* s;

  for (s = str; *s && maxsize--; ++s);

  return (unsigned int)(s - str);

}

// internal test if char is a digit (0-9)

// \return true if char is a digit

static inline bool _is_digit(char ch)

{

  return (ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9');

}

// internal ASCII string to unsigned int conversion

static unsigned int _atoi(const char** str)

{

  unsigned int i = 0U;

  while (_is_digit(**str)) {

    i = i * 10U + (unsigned int)(*((*str)++) - '0');

  }

  return i;

}

// output the specified string in reverse, taking care of any zero-padding

static size_t _out_rev(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, const char* buf, size_t len, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)

{

  const size_t start_idx = idx;

  // pad spaces up to given width

  if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT) && !(flags & FLAGS_ZEROPAD)) {

    for (size_t i = len; i < width; i++) {

      out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);

    }

  }

  // reverse string

  while (len) {

    out(buf[--len], buffer, idx++, maxlen);

  }

  // append pad spaces up to given width

  if (flags & FLAGS_LEFT) {

    while (idx - start_idx < width) {

      out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);

    }

  }

  return idx;

}

// internal itoa format

static size_t _ntoa_format(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, char* buf, size_t len, bool negative, unsigned int base, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)

{

  // pad leading zeros

  if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT)) {

    if (width && (flags & FLAGS_ZEROPAD) && (negative || (flags & (FLAGS_PLUS | FLAGS_SPACE)))) {

      width--;

    }

    while ((len < prec) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {

      buf[len++] = '0';

    }

    while ((flags & FLAGS_ZEROPAD) && (len < width) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {

      buf[len++] = '0';

    }

  }

  // handle hash

  if (flags & FLAGS_HASH) {

    if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) && len && ((len == prec) || (len == width))) {

      len--;

      if (len && (base == 16U)) {

        len--;

      }

    }

    if ((base == 16U) && !(flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {

      buf[len++] = 'x';

    }

    else if ((base == 16U) && (flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {

      buf[len++] = 'X';

    }

    else if ((base == 2U) && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {

      buf[len++] = 'b';

    }

    if (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {

      buf[len++] = '0';

    }

  }

  if (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {

    if (negative) {

      buf[len++] = '-';

    }

    else if (flags & FLAGS_PLUS) {

      buf[len++] = '+';  // ignore the space if the '+' exists

    }

    else if (flags & FLAGS_SPACE) {

      buf[len++] = ' ';

    }

  }

  return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, buf, len, width, flags);

}

// internal itoa for 'long' type

static size_t _ntoa_long(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, unsigned long value, bool negative, unsigned long base, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)

{

  char buf[PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE];

  size_t len = 0U;

  // no hash for 0 values

  if (!value) {

    flags &= ~FLAGS_HASH;

  }

  // write if precision != 0 and value is != 0

  if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) || value) {

    do {

      const char digit = (char)(value % base);

      buf[len++] = digit < 10 ? '0' + digit : (flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE ? 'A' : 'a') + digit - 10;

      value /= base;

    } while (value && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE));

  }

  return _ntoa_format(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, buf, len, negative, (unsigned int)base, prec, width, flags);

}

// internal itoa for 'long long' type

#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG)

static size_t _ntoa_long_long(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, unsigned long long value, bool negative, unsigned long long base, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)

{

  char buf[PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE];

  size_t len = 0U;

  // no hash for 0 values

  if (!value) {

    flags &= ~FLAGS_HASH;

  }

  // write if precision != 0 and value is != 0

  if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) || value) {

    do {

      const char digit = (char)(value % base);

      buf[len++] = digit < 10 ? '0' + digit : (flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE ? 'A' : 'a') + digit - 10;

      value /= base;

    } while (value && (len < PRINTF_NTOA_BUFFER_SIZE));

  }

  return _ntoa_format(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, buf, len, negative, (unsigned int)base, prec, width, flags);

}

#endif  // PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG

#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT)

#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL)

// forward declaration so that _ftoa can switch to exp notation for values > PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT

static size_t _etoa(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, double value, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags);

#endif

// internal ftoa for fixed decimal floating point

static size_t _ftoa(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, double value, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)

{

  char buf[PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE];

  size_t len  = 0U;

  double diff = 0.0;

  // powers of 10

  static const double pow10[] = { 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, 10000000, 100000000, 1000000000 };

  // test for special values

  if (value != value)

    return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, "nan", 3, width, flags);

  if (value < -DBL_MAX)

    return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, "fni-", 4, width, flags);

  if (value > DBL_MAX)

    return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (flags & FLAGS_PLUS) ? "fni+" : "fni", (flags & FLAGS_PLUS) ? 4U : 3U, width, flags);

  // test for very large values

  // standard printf behavior is to print EVERY whole number digit -- which could be 100s of characters overflowing your buffers == bad

  if ((value > PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT) || (value < -PRINTF_MAX_FLOAT)) {

#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL)

    return _etoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, value, prec, width, flags);

#else

    return 0U;

#endif

  }

  // test for negative

  bool negative = false;

  if (value < 0) {

    negative = true;

    value = 0 - value;

  }

  // set default precision, if not set explicitly

  if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION)) {

    prec = PRINTF_DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION;

  }

  // limit precision to 9, cause a prec >= 10 can lead to overflow errors

  while ((len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) && (prec > 9U)) {

    buf[len++] = '0';

    prec--;

  }

  int whole = (int)value;

  double tmp = (value - whole) * pow10[prec];

  unsigned long frac = (unsigned long)tmp;

  diff = tmp - frac;

  if (diff > 0.5) {

    ++frac;

    // handle rollover, e.g. case 0.99 with prec 1 is 1.0

    if (frac >= pow10[prec]) {

      frac = 0;

      ++whole;

    }

  }

  else if (diff < 0.5) {

  }

  else if ((frac == 0U) || (frac & 1U)) {

    // if halfway, round up if odd OR if last digit is 0

    ++frac;

  }

  if (prec == 0U) {

    diff = value - (double)whole;

    if ((!(diff < 0.5) || (diff > 0.5)) && (whole & 1)) {

      // exactly 0.5 and ODD, then round up

      // 1.5 -> 2, but 2.5 -> 2

      ++whole;

    }

  }

  else {

    unsigned int count = prec;

    // now do fractional part, as an unsigned number

    while (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {

      --count;

      buf[len++] = (char)(48U + (frac % 10U));

      if (!(frac /= 10U)) {

        break;

      }

    }

    // add extra 0s

    while ((len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) && (count-- > 0U)) {

      buf[len++] = '0';

    }

    if (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {

      // add decimal

      buf[len++] = '.';

    }

  }

  // do whole part, number is reversed

  while (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {

    buf[len++] = (char)(48 + (whole % 10));

    if (!(whole /= 10)) {

      break;

    }

  }

  // pad leading zeros

  if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT) && (flags & FLAGS_ZEROPAD)) {

    if (width && (negative || (flags & (FLAGS_PLUS | FLAGS_SPACE)))) {

      width--;

    }

    while ((len < width) && (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE)) {

      buf[len++] = '0';

    }

  }

  if (len < PRINTF_FTOA_BUFFER_SIZE) {

    if (negative) {

      buf[len++] = '-';

    }

    else if (flags & FLAGS_PLUS) {

      buf[len++] = '+';  // ignore the space if the '+' exists

    }

    else if (flags & FLAGS_SPACE) {

      buf[len++] = ' ';

    }

  }

  return _out_rev(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, buf, len, width, flags);

}

#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL)

// internal ftoa variant for exponential floating-point type, contributed by Martijn Jasperse 

static size_t _etoa(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, size_t idx, size_t maxlen, double value, unsigned int prec, unsigned int width, unsigned int flags)

{

  // check for NaN and special values

  if ((value != value) || (value > DBL_MAX) || (value < -DBL_MAX)) {

    return _ftoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, value, prec, width, flags);

  }

  // determine the sign

  const bool negative = value < 0;

  if (negative) {

    value = -value;

  }

  // default precision

  if (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION)) {

    prec = PRINTF_DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION;

  }

  // determine the decimal exponent

  // based on the algorithm by David Gay (https://www.ampl.com/netlib/fp/dtoa.c)

  union {

    uint64_t U;

    double   F;

  } conv;

  conv.F = value;

  int exp2 = (int)((conv.U >> 52U) & 0x07FFU) - 1023;           // effectively log2

  conv.U = (conv.U & ((1ULL << 52U) - 1U)) | (1023ULL << 52U);  // drop the exponent so conv.F is now in [1,2)

  // now approximate log10 from the log2 integer part and an expansion of ln around 1.5

  int expval = (int)(0.1760912590558 + exp2 * 0.301029995663981 + (conv.F - 1.5) * 0.289529654602168);

  // now we want to compute 10^expval but we want to be sure it won't overflow

  exp2 = (int)(expval * 3.321928094887362 + 0.5);

  const double z  = expval * 2.302585092994046 - exp2 * 0.6931471805599453;

  const double z2 = z * z;

  conv.U = (uint64_t)(exp2 + 1023) << 52U;

  // compute exp(z) using continued fractions, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function#Continued_fractions_for_ex

  conv.F *= 1 + 2 * z / (2 - z + (z2 / (6 + (z2 / (10 + z2 / 14)))));

  // correct for rounding errors

  if (value < conv.F) {

    expval--;

    conv.F /= 10;

  }

  // the exponent format is "%+03d" and largest value is "307", so set aside 4-5 characters

  unsigned int minwidth = ((expval < 100) && (expval > -100)) ? 4U : 5U;

  // in "%g" mode, "prec" is the number of *significant figures* not decimals

  if (flags & FLAGS_ADAPT_EXP) {

    // do we want to fall-back to "%f" mode?

    if ((value >= 1e-4) && (value < 1e6)) {

      if ((int)prec > expval) {

        prec = (unsigned)((int)prec - expval - 1);

      }

      else {

        prec = 0;

      }

      flags |= FLAGS_PRECISION;   // make sure _ftoa respects precision

      // no characters in exponent

      minwidth = 0U;

      expval   = 0;

    }

    else {

      // we use one sigfig for the whole part

      if ((prec > 0) && (flags & FLAGS_PRECISION)) {

        --prec;

      }

    }

  }

  // will everything fit?

  unsigned int fwidth = width;

  if (width > minwidth) {

    // we didn't fall-back so subtract the characters required for the exponent

    fwidth -= minwidth;

  } else {

    // not enough characters, so go back to default sizing

    fwidth = 0U;

  }

  if ((flags & FLAGS_LEFT) && minwidth) {

    // if we're padding on the right, DON'T pad the floating part

    fwidth = 0U;

  }

  // rescale the float value

  if (expval) {

    value /= conv.F;

  }

  // output the floating part

  const size_t start_idx = idx;

  idx = _ftoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, negative ? -value : value, prec, fwidth, flags & ~FLAGS_ADAPT_EXP);

  // output the exponent part

  if (minwidth) {

    // output the exponential symbol

    out((flags & FLAGS_UPPERCASE) ? 'E' : 'e', buffer, idx++, maxlen);

    // output the exponent value

    idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (expval < 0) ? -expval : expval, expval < 0, 10, 0, minwidth-1, FLAGS_ZEROPAD | FLAGS_PLUS);

    // might need to right-pad spaces

    if (flags & FLAGS_LEFT) {

      while (idx - start_idx < width) out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);

    }

  }

  return idx;

}

#endif  // PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL

#endif  // PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT

// internal vsnprintf

int _vsnprintf(out_fct_type out, char* buffer, const size_t maxlen, const char* format, va_list va)

{

  unsigned int flags, width, precision, n;

  size_t idx = 0U;

  if (!buffer) {

    // use null output function

    out = _out_null;

  }

  while (*format)

  {

    // format specifier?  %[flags][width][.precision][length]

    if (*format != '%') {

      // no

      out(*format, buffer, idx++, maxlen);

      format++;

      continue;

    }

    else {

      // yes, evaluate it

      format++;

    }

    // evaluate flags

    flags = 0U;

    do {

      switch (*format) {

        case '0': flags |= FLAGS_ZEROPAD; format++; n = 1U; break;

        case '-': flags |= FLAGS_LEFT;    format++; n = 1U; break;

        case '+': flags |= FLAGS_PLUS;    format++; n = 1U; break;

        case ' ': flags |= FLAGS_SPACE;   format++; n = 1U; break;

        case '#': flags |= FLAGS_HASH;    format++; n = 1U; break;

        default :                                   n = 0U; break;

      }

    } while (n);

    // evaluate width field

    width = 0U;

    if (_is_digit(*format)) {

      width = _atoi(&format);

    }

    else if (*format == '*') {

      const int w = va_arg(va, int);

      if (w < 0) {

        flags |= FLAGS_LEFT;    // reverse padding

        width = (unsigned int)-w;

      }

      else {

        width = (unsigned int)w;

      }

      format++;

    }

    // evaluate precision field

    precision = 0U;

    if (*format == '.') {

      flags |= FLAGS_PRECISION;

      format++;

      if (_is_digit(*format)) {

        precision = _atoi(&format);

      }

      else if (*format == '*') {

        const int prec = (int)va_arg(va, int);

        precision = prec > 0 ? (unsigned int)prec : 0U;

        format++;

      }

    }

    // evaluate length field

    switch (*format) {

      case 'l' :

        flags |= FLAGS_LONG;

        format++;

        if (*format == 'l') {

          flags |= FLAGS_LONG_LONG;

          format++;

        }

        break;

      case 'h' :

        flags |= FLAGS_SHORT;

        format++;

        if (*format == 'h') {

          flags |= FLAGS_CHAR;

          format++;

        }

        break;

#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_PTRDIFF_T)

      case 't' :

        flags |= (sizeof(ptrdiff_t) == sizeof(long) ? FLAGS_LONG : FLAGS_LONG_LONG);

        format++;

        break;

#endif

      case 'j' :

        flags |= (sizeof(intmax_t) == sizeof(long) ? FLAGS_LONG : FLAGS_LONG_LONG);

        format++;

        break;

      case 'z' :

        flags |= (sizeof(size_t) == sizeof(long) ? FLAGS_LONG : FLAGS_LONG_LONG);

        format++;

        break;

      default :

        break;

    }

    // evaluate specifier

    switch (*format) {

      case 'd' :

      case 'i' :

      case 'u' :

      case 'x' :

      case 'X' :

      case 'o' :

      case 'b' : {

        // set the base

        unsigned int base;

        if (*format == 'x' || *format == 'X') {

          base = 16U;

        }

        else if (*format == 'o') {

          base =  8U;

        }

        else if (*format == 'b') {

          base =  2U;

        }

        else {

          base = 10U;

          flags &= ~FLAGS_HASH;   // no hash for dec format

        }

        // uppercase

        if (*format == 'X') {

          flags |= FLAGS_UPPERCASE;

        }

        // no plus or space flag for u, x, X, o, b

        if ((*format != 'i') && (*format != 'd')) {

          flags &= ~(FLAGS_PLUS | FLAGS_SPACE);

        }

        // ignore '0' flag when precision is given

        if (flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) {

          flags &= ~FLAGS_ZEROPAD;

        }

        // convert the integer

        if ((*format == 'i') || (*format == 'd')) {

          // signed

          if (flags & FLAGS_LONG_LONG) {

#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG)

            const long long value = va_arg(va, long long);

            idx = _ntoa_long_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (unsigned long long)(value > 0 ? value : 0 - value), value < 0, base, precision, width, flags);

#endif

          }

          else if (flags & FLAGS_LONG) {

            const long value = va_arg(va, long);

            idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (unsigned long)(value > 0 ? value : 0 - value), value < 0, base, precision, width, flags);

          }

          else {

            const int value = (flags & FLAGS_CHAR) ? (char)va_arg(va, int) : (flags & FLAGS_SHORT) ? (short int)va_arg(va, int) : va_arg(va, int);

            idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (unsigned int)(value > 0 ? value : 0 - value), value < 0, base, precision, width, flags);

          }

        }

        else {

          // unsigned

          if (flags & FLAGS_LONG_LONG) {

#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG)

            idx = _ntoa_long_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, va_arg(va, unsigned long long), false, base, precision, width, flags);

#endif

          }

          else if (flags & FLAGS_LONG) {

            idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, va_arg(va, unsigned long), false, base, precision, width, flags);

          }

          else {

            const unsigned int value = (flags & FLAGS_CHAR) ? (unsigned char)va_arg(va, unsigned int) : (flags & FLAGS_SHORT) ? (unsigned short int)va_arg(va, unsigned int) : va_arg(va, unsigned int);

            idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, value, false, base, precision, width, flags);

          }

        }

        format++;

        break;

      }

#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT)

      case 'f' :

      case 'F' :

        if (*format == 'F') flags |= FLAGS_UPPERCASE;

        idx = _ftoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, va_arg(va, double), precision, width, flags);

        format++;

        break;

#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL)

      case 'e':

      case 'E':

      case 'g':

      case 'G':

        if ((*format == 'g')||(*format == 'G')) flags |= FLAGS_ADAPT_EXP;

        if ((*format == 'E')||(*format == 'G')) flags |= FLAGS_UPPERCASE;

        idx = _etoa(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, va_arg(va, double), precision, width, flags);

        format++;

        break;

#endif  // PRINTF_SUPPORT_EXPONENTIAL

#endif  // PRINTF_SUPPORT_FLOAT

      case 'c' : {

        unsigned int l = 1U;

        // pre padding

        if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT)) {

          while (l++ < width) {

            out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);

          }

        }

        // char output

        out((char)va_arg(va, int), buffer, idx++, maxlen);

        // post padding

        if (flags & FLAGS_LEFT) {

          while (l++ < width) {

            out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);

          }

        }

        format++;

        break;

      }

      case 's' : {

        const char* p = va_arg(va, char*);

        unsigned int l = _strnlen_s(p, precision ? precision : (size_t)-1);

        // pre padding

        if (flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) {

          l = (l < precision ? l : precision);

        }

        if (!(flags & FLAGS_LEFT)) {

          while (l++ < width) {

            out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);

          }

        }

        // string output

        while ((*p != 0) && (!(flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) || precision--)) {

          out(*(p++), buffer, idx++, maxlen);

        }

        // post padding

        if (flags & FLAGS_LEFT) {

          while (l++ < width) {

            out(' ', buffer, idx++, maxlen);

          }

        }

        format++;

        break;

      }

      case 'p' : {

        width = sizeof(void*) * 2U;

        flags |= FLAGS_ZEROPAD | FLAGS_UPPERCASE;

#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG)

        const bool is_ll = sizeof(uintptr_t) == sizeof(long long);

        if (is_ll) {

          idx = _ntoa_long_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (uintptr_t)va_arg(va, void*), false, 16U, precision, width, flags);

        }

        else {

#endif

          idx = _ntoa_long(out, buffer, idx, maxlen, (unsigned long)((uintptr_t)va_arg(va, void*)), false, 16U, precision, width, flags);

#if defined(PRINTF_SUPPORT_LONG_LONG)

        }

#endif

        format++;

        break;

      }

      case '%' :

        out('%', buffer, idx++, maxlen);

        format++;

        break;

      default :

        out(*format, buffer, idx++, maxlen);

        format++;

        break;

    }

  }

  // termination

  out((char)0, buffer, idx < maxlen ? idx : maxlen - 1U, maxlen);

  // return written chars without terminating \0

  return (int)idx;

}