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// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.

// All rights reserved.

//

// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are

// met:

//

//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above

// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer

// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the

// distribution.

//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its

// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from

// this software without specific prior written permission.

//

// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS

// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT

// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR

// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT

// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,

// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT

// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,

// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE

// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

//

// Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), eefacm@gmail.com (Sean Mcafee)

//

// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)

//

// This header file declares functions and macros used internally by

// Google Test.  They are subject to change without notice.

#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_INTERNAL_H_

#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_INTERNAL_H_

#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"

#if GTEST_OS_LINUX

# include 

# include 

# include 

# include 

#endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX

#include 

#include 

#include 

#include 

#include 

#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"

#include "gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h"

#include "gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h"

// Due to C++ preprocessor weirdness, we need double indirection to

// concatenate two tokens when one of them is __LINE__.  Writing

//

//   foo ## __LINE__

//

// will result in the token foo__LINE__, instead of foo followed by

// the current line number.  For more details, see

// http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lite/misc-technical-issues.html#faq-39.6

#define GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(foo, bar) GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_IMPL_(foo, bar)

#define GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_IMPL_(foo, bar) foo ## bar

// Google Test defines the testing::Message class to allow construction of

// test messages via the << operator.  The idea is that anything

// streamable to std::ostream can be streamed to a testing::Message.

// This allows a user to use his own types in Google Test assertions by

// overloading the << operator.

//

// util/gtl/stl_logging-inl.h overloads << for STL containers.  These

// overloads cannot be defined in the std namespace, as that will be

// undefined behavior.  Therefore, they are defined in the global

// namespace instead.

//

// C++'s symbol lookup rule (i.e. Koenig lookup) says that these

// overloads are visible in either the std namespace or the global

// namespace, but not other namespaces, including the testing

// namespace which Google Test's Message class is in.

//

// To allow STL containers (and other types that has a << operator

// defined in the global namespace) to be used in Google Test assertions,

// testing::Message must access the custom << operator from the global

// namespace.  Hence this helper function.

//

// Note: Jeffrey Yasskin suggested an alternative fix by "using

// ::operator<<;" in the definition of Message's operator<<.  That fix

// doesn't require a helper function, but unfortunately doesn't

// compile with MSVC.

template 

inline void GTestStreamToHelper(std::ostream* os, const T& val) {

  *os << val;

}

class ProtocolMessage;

namespace proto2 { class Message; }

namespace testing {

// Forward declarations.

class AssertionResult;                 // Result of an assertion.

class Message;                         // Represents a failure message.

class Test;                            // Represents a test.

class TestInfo;                        // Information about a test.

class TestPartResult;                  // Result of a test part.

class UnitTest;                        // A collection of test cases.

template 

::std::string PrintToString(const T& value);

namespace internal {

struct TraceInfo;                      // Information about a trace point.

class ScopedTrace;                     // Implements scoped trace.

class TestInfoImpl;                    // Opaque implementation of TestInfo

class UnitTestImpl;                    // Opaque implementation of UnitTest

// How many times InitGoogleTest() has been called.

extern int g_init_gtest_count;

// The text used in failure messages to indicate the start of the

// stack trace.

GTEST_API_ extern const char kStackTraceMarker[];

// A secret type that Google Test users don't know about.  It has no

// definition on purpose.  Therefore it's impossible to create a

// Secret object, which is what we want.

class Secret;

// Two overloaded helpers for checking at compile time whether an

// expression is a null pointer literal (i.e. NULL or any 0-valued

// compile-time integral constant).  Their return values have

// different sizes, so we can use sizeof() to test which version is

// picked by the compiler.  These helpers have no implementations, as

// we only need their signatures.

//

// Given IsNullLiteralHelper(x), the compiler will pick the first

// version if x can be implicitly converted to Secret*, and pick the

// second version otherwise.  Since Secret is a secret and incomplete

// type, the only expression a user can write that has type Secret* is

// a null pointer literal.  Therefore, we know that x is a null

// pointer literal if and only if the first version is picked by the

// compiler.

char IsNullLiteralHelper(Secret* p);

char (&IsNullLiteralHelper(...))[2];  // NOLINT

// A compile-time bool constant that is true if and only if x is a

// null pointer literal (i.e. NULL or any 0-valued compile-time

// integral constant).

#ifdef GTEST_ELLIPSIS_NEEDS_POD_

// We lose support for NULL detection where the compiler doesn't like

// passing non-POD classes through ellipsis (...).

# define GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(x) false

#else

# define GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(x) \

    (sizeof(::testing::internal::IsNullLiteralHelper(x)) == 1)

#endif  // GTEST_ELLIPSIS_NEEDS_POD_

// Appends the user-supplied message to the Google-Test-generated message.

GTEST_API_ String AppendUserMessage(const String& gtest_msg,

                                    const Message& user_msg);

// A helper class for creating scoped traces in user programs.

class GTEST_API_ ScopedTrace {

 public:

  // The c'tor pushes the given source file location and message onto

  // a trace stack maintained by Google Test.

  ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message);

  // The d'tor pops the info pushed by the c'tor.

  //

  // Note that the d'tor is not virtual in order to be efficient.

  // Don't inherit from ScopedTrace!

  ~ScopedTrace();

 private:

  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedTrace);

} GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;  // A ScopedTrace object does its job in its

                            // c'tor and d'tor.  Therefore it doesn't

                            // need to be used otherwise.

// Converts a streamable value to a String.  A NULL pointer is

// converted to "(null)".  When the input value is a ::string,

// ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL

// character in it is replaced with "\\0".

// Declared here but defined in gtest.h, so that it has access

// to the definition of the Message class, required by the ARM

// compiler.

template 

String StreamableToString(const T& streamable);

// The Symbian compiler has a bug that prevents it from selecting the

// correct overload of FormatForComparisonFailureMessage (see below)

// unless we pass the first argument by reference.  If we do that,

// however, Visual Age C++ 10.1 generates a compiler error.  Therefore

// we only apply the work-around for Symbian.

#if defined(__SYMBIAN32__)

# define GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_ const&

#else

# define GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_

#endif

// When this operand is a const char* or char*, if the other operand

// is a ::std::string or ::string, we print this operand as a C string

// rather than a pointer (we do the same for wide strings); otherwise

// we print it as a pointer to be safe.

// This internal macro is used to avoid duplicated code.

#define GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(operand2_type, operand1_printer)\

inline String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(\

    operand2_type::value_type* GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_ str, \

    const operand2_type& /*operand2*/) {\

  return operand1_printer(str);\

}\

inline String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(\

    const operand2_type::value_type* GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_ str, \

    const operand2_type& /*operand2*/) {\

  return operand1_printer(str);\

}

GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::std::string, String::ShowCStringQuoted)

#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::std::wstring, String::ShowWideCStringQuoted)

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING

GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::string, String::ShowCStringQuoted)

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING

#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::wstring, String::ShowWideCStringQuoted)

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

#undef GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_

// The next four overloads handle the case where the operand being

// printed is a char/wchar_t pointer and the other operand is not a

// string/wstring object.  In such cases, we just print the operand as

// a pointer to be safe.

#define GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(CharType)                       \

  template                                              \

  String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(CharType* GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_ p, \

                                           const T&) { \

    return PrintToString(static_cast(p));              \

  }

GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(char)

GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(const char)

GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(wchar_t)

GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(const wchar_t)

#undef GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_

// Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion

// (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.

//

// The first four parameters are the expressions used in the assertion

// and their values, as strings.  For example, for ASSERT_EQ(foo, bar)

// where foo is 5 and bar is 6, we have:

//

//   expected_expression: "foo"

//   actual_expression:   "bar"

//   expected_value:      "5"

//   actual_value:        "6"

//

// The ignoring_case parameter is true iff the assertion is a

// *_STRCASEEQ*.  When it's true, the string " (ignoring case)" will

// be inserted into the message.

GTEST_API_ AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* expected_expression,

                                     const char* actual_expression,

                                     const String& expected_value,

                                     const String& actual_value,

                                     bool ignoring_case);

// Constructs a failure message for Boolean assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE.

GTEST_API_ String GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(

    const AssertionResult& assertion_result,

    const char* expression_text,

    const char* actual_predicate_value,

    const char* expected_predicate_value);

// This template class represents an IEEE floating-point number

// (either single-precision or double-precision, depending on the

// template parameters).

//

// The purpose of this class is to do more sophisticated number

// comparison.  (Due to round-off error, etc, it's very unlikely that

// two floating-points will be equal exactly.  Hence a naive

// comparison by the == operation often doesn't work.)

//

// Format of IEEE floating-point:

//

//   The most-significant bit being the leftmost, an IEEE

//   floating-point looks like

//

//     sign_bit exponent_bits fraction_bits

//

//   Here, sign_bit is a single bit that designates the sign of the

//   number.

//

//   For float, there are 8 exponent bits and 23 fraction bits.

//

//   For double, there are 11 exponent bits and 52 fraction bits.

//

//   More details can be found at

//   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_floating-point_standard.

//

// Template parameter:

//

//   RawType: the raw floating-point type (either float or double)

template 

class FloatingPoint {

 public:

  // Defines the unsigned integer type that has the same size as the

  // floating point number.

  typedef typename TypeWithSize::UInt Bits;

  // Constants.

  // # of bits in a number.

  static const size_t kBitCount = 8*sizeof(RawType);

  // # of fraction bits in a number.

  static const size_t kFractionBitCount =

    std::numeric_limits::digits - 1;

  // # of exponent bits in a number.

  static const size_t kExponentBitCount = kBitCount - 1 - kFractionBitCount;

  // The mask for the sign bit.

  static const Bits kSignBitMask = static_cast(1) << (kBitCount - 1);

  // The mask for the fraction bits.

  static const Bits kFractionBitMask =

    ~static_cast(0) >> (kExponentBitCount + 1);

  // The mask for the exponent bits.

  static const Bits kExponentBitMask = ~(kSignBitMask | kFractionBitMask);

  // How many ULP's (Units in the Last Place) we want to tolerate when

  // comparing two numbers.  The larger the value, the more error we

  // allow.  A 0 value means that two numbers must be exactly the same

  // to be considered equal.

  //

  // The maximum error of a single floating-point operation is 0.5

  // units in the last place.  On Intel CPU's, all floating-point

  // calculations are done with 80-bit precision, while double has 64

  // bits.  Therefore, 4 should be enough for ordinary use.

  //

  // See the following article for more details on ULP:

  // http://www.cygnus-software.com/papers/comparingfloats/comparingfloats.htm.

  static const size_t kMaxUlps = 4;

  // Constructs a FloatingPoint from a raw floating-point number.

  //

  // On an Intel CPU, passing a non-normalized NAN (Not a Number)

  // around may change its bits, although the new value is guaranteed

  // to be also a NAN.  Therefore, don't expect this constructor to

  // preserve the bits in x when x is a NAN.

  explicit FloatingPoint(const RawType& x) { u_.value_ = x; }

  // Static methods

  // Reinterprets a bit pattern as a floating-point number.

  //

  // This function is needed to test the AlmostEquals() method.

  static RawType ReinterpretBits(const Bits bits) {

    FloatingPoint fp(0);

    fp.u_.bits_ = bits;

    return fp.u_.value_;

  }

  // Returns the floating-point number that represent positive infinity.

  static RawType Infinity() {

    return ReinterpretBits(kExponentBitMask);

  }

  // Non-static methods

  // Returns the bits that represents this number.

  const Bits &bits() const { return u_.bits_; }

  // Returns the exponent bits of this number.

  Bits exponent_bits() const { return kExponentBitMask & u_.bits_; }

  // Returns the fraction bits of this number.

  Bits fraction_bits() const { return kFractionBitMask & u_.bits_; }

  // Returns the sign bit of this number.

  Bits sign_bit() const { return kSignBitMask & u_.bits_; }

  // Returns true iff this is NAN (not a number).

  bool is_nan() const {

    // It's a NAN if the exponent bits are all ones and the fraction

    // bits are not entirely zeros.

    return (exponent_bits() == kExponentBitMask) && (fraction_bits() != 0);

  }

  // Returns true iff this number is at most kMaxUlps ULP's away from

  // rhs.  In particular, this function:

  //

  //   - returns false if either number is (or both are) NAN.

  //   - treats really large numbers as almost equal to infinity.

  //   - thinks +0.0 and -0.0 are 0 DLP's apart.

  bool AlmostEquals(const FloatingPoint& rhs) const {

    // The IEEE standard says that any comparison operation involving

    // a NAN must return false.

    if (is_nan() || rhs.is_nan()) return false;

    return DistanceBetweenSignAndMagnitudeNumbers(u_.bits_, rhs.u_.bits_)

        <= kMaxUlps;

  }

 private:

  // The data type used to store the actual floating-point number.

  union FloatingPointUnion {

    RawType value_;  // The raw floating-point number.

    Bits bits_;      // The bits that represent the number.

  };

  // Converts an integer from the sign-and-magnitude representation to

  // the biased representation.  More precisely, let N be 2 to the

  // power of (kBitCount - 1), an integer x is represented by the

  // unsigned number x + N.

  //

  // For instance,

  //

  //   -N + 1 (the most negative number representable using

  //          sign-and-magnitude) is represented by 1;

  //   0      is represented by N; and

  //   N - 1  (the biggest number representable using

  //          sign-and-magnitude) is represented by 2N - 1.

  //

  // Read http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_number_representations

  // for more details on signed number representations.

  static Bits SignAndMagnitudeToBiased(const Bits &sam) {

    if (kSignBitMask & sam) {

      // sam represents a negative number.

      return ~sam + 1;

    } else {

      // sam represents a positive number.

      return kSignBitMask | sam;

    }

  }

  // Given two numbers in the sign-and-magnitude representation,

  // returns the distance between them as an unsigned number.

  static Bits DistanceBetweenSignAndMagnitudeNumbers(const Bits &sam1,

                                                     const Bits &sam2) {

    const Bits biased1 = SignAndMagnitudeToBiased(sam1);

    const Bits biased2 = SignAndMagnitudeToBiased(sam2);

    return (biased1 >= biased2) ? (biased1 - biased2) : (biased2 - biased1);

  }

  FloatingPointUnion u_;

};

// Typedefs the instances of the FloatingPoint template class that we

// care to use.

typedef FloatingPoint Float;

typedef FloatingPoint Double;

// In order to catch the mistake of putting tests that use different

// test fixture classes in the same test case, we need to assign

// unique IDs to fixture classes and compare them.  The TypeId type is

// used to hold such IDs.  The user should treat TypeId as an opaque

// type: the only operation allowed on TypeId values is to compare

// them for equality using the == operator.

typedef const void* TypeId;

template 

class TypeIdHelper {

 public:

  // dummy_ must not have a const type.  Otherwise an overly eager

  // compiler (e.g. MSVC 7.1 & 8.0) may try to merge

  // TypeIdHelper::dummy_ for different Ts as an "optimization".

  static bool dummy_;

};

template 

bool TypeIdHelper::dummy_ = false;

// GetTypeId() returns the ID of type T.  Different values will be

// returned for different types.  Calling the function twice with the

// same type argument is guaranteed to return the same ID.

template 

TypeId GetTypeId() {

  // The compiler is required to allocate a different

  // TypeIdHelper::dummy_ variable for each T used to instantiate

  // the template.  Therefore, the address of dummy_ is guaranteed to

  // be unique.

  return &(TypeIdHelper::dummy_);

}

// Returns the type ID of ::testing::Test.  Always call this instead

// of GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to get the type ID of

// ::testing::Test, as the latter may give the wrong result due to a

// suspected linker bug when compiling Google Test as a Mac OS X

// framework.

GTEST_API_ TypeId GetTestTypeId();

// Defines the abstract factory interface that creates instances

// of a Test object.

class TestFactoryBase {

 public:

  virtual ~TestFactoryBase() {}

  // Creates a test instance to run. The instance is both created and destroyed

  // within TestInfoImpl::Run()

  virtual Test* CreateTest() = 0;

 protected:

  TestFactoryBase() {}

 private:

  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestFactoryBase);

};

// This class provides implementation of TeastFactoryBase interface.

// It is used in TEST and TEST_F macros.

template 

class TestFactoryImpl : public TestFactoryBase {

 public:

  virtual Test* CreateTest() { return new TestClass; }

};

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Predicate-formatters for implementing the HRESULT checking macros

// {ASSERT|EXPECT}_HRESULT_{SUCCEEDED|FAILED}

// We pass a long instead of HRESULT to avoid causing an

// include dependency for the HRESULT type.

GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsHRESULTSuccess(const char* expr,

                                            long hr);  // NOLINT

GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsHRESULTFailure(const char* expr,

                                            long hr);  // NOLINT

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Types of SetUpTestCase() and TearDownTestCase() functions.

typedef void (*SetUpTestCaseFunc)();

typedef void (*TearDownTestCaseFunc)();

// Creates a new TestInfo object and registers it with Google Test;

// returns the created object.

//

// Arguments:

//

//   test_case_name:   name of the test case

//   name:             name of the test

//   type_param        the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if

//                     this is not  a typed or a type-parameterized test.

//   value_param       text representation of the test's value parameter,

//                     or NULL if this is not a type-parameterized test.

//   fixture_class_id: ID of the test fixture class

//   set_up_tc:        pointer to the function that sets up the test case

//   tear_down_tc:     pointer to the function that tears down the test case

//   factory:          pointer to the factory that creates a test object.

//                     The newly created TestInfo instance will assume

//                     ownership of the factory object.

GTEST_API_ TestInfo* MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(

    const char* test_case_name, const char* name,

    const char* type_param,

    const char* value_param,

    TypeId fixture_class_id,

    SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,

    TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,

    TestFactoryBase* factory);

// If *pstr starts with the given prefix, modifies *pstr to be right

// past the prefix and returns true; otherwise leaves *pstr unchanged

// and returns false.  None of pstr, *pstr, and prefix can be NULL.

GTEST_API_ bool SkipPrefix(const char* prefix, const char** pstr);

#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST || GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P

// State of the definition of a type-parameterized test case.

class GTEST_API_ TypedTestCasePState {

 public:

  TypedTestCasePState() : registered_(false) {}

  // Adds the given test name to defined_test_names_ and return true

  // if the test case hasn't been registered; otherwise aborts the

  // program.

  bool AddTestName(const char* file, int line, const char* case_name,

                   const char* test_name) {

    if (registered_) {

      fprintf(stderr, "%s Test %s must be defined before "

              "REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(%s, ...).\n",

              FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str(), test_name, case_name);

      fflush(stderr);

      posix::Abort();

    }

    defined_test_names_.insert(test_name);

    return true;

  }

  // Verifies that registered_tests match the test names in

  // defined_test_names_; returns registered_tests if successful, or

  // aborts the program otherwise.

  const char* VerifyRegisteredTestNames(

      const char* file, int line, const char* registered_tests);

 private:

  bool registered_;

  ::std::set defined_test_names_;

};

// Skips to the first non-space char after the first comma in 'str';

// returns NULL if no comma is found in 'str'.

inline const char* SkipComma(const char* str) {

  const char* comma = strchr(str, ',');

  if (comma == NULL) {

    return NULL;

  }

  while (IsSpace(*(++comma))) {}

  return comma;

}

// Returns the prefix of 'str' before the first comma in it; returns

// the entire string if it contains no comma.

inline String GetPrefixUntilComma(const char* str) {

  const char* comma = strchr(str, ',');

  return comma == NULL ? String(str) : String(str, comma - str);

}

// TypeParameterizedTest::Register()

// registers a list of type-parameterized tests with Google Test.  The

// return value is insignificant - we just need to return something

// such that we can call this function in a namespace scope.

//

// Implementation note: The GTEST_TEMPLATE_ macro declares a template

// template parameter.  It's defined in gtest-type-util.h.

template 

class TypeParameterizedTest {

 public:

  // 'index' is the index of the test in the type list 'Types'

  // specified in INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(Prefix, TestCase,

  // Types).  Valid values for 'index' are [0, N - 1] where N is the

  // length of Types.

  static bool Register(const char* prefix, const char* case_name,

                       const char* test_names, int index) {

    typedef typename Types::Head Type;

    typedef Fixture FixtureClass;

    typedef typename GTEST_BIND_(TestSel, Type) TestClass;

    // First, registers the first type-parameterized test in the type

    // list.

    MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(

        String::Format("%s%s%s/%d", prefix, prefix[0] == '\0' ? "" : "/",

                       case_name, index).c_str(),

        GetPrefixUntilComma(test_names).c_str(),

        GetTypeName().c_str(),

        NULL,  // No value parameter.

        GetTypeId(),

        TestClass::SetUpTestCase,

        TestClass::TearDownTestCase,

        new TestFactoryImpl);

    // Next, recurses (at compile time) with the tail of the type list.

    return TypeParameterizedTest

        ::Register(prefix, case_name, test_names, index + 1);

  }

};

// The base case for the compile time recursion.

template 

class TypeParameterizedTest {

 public:

  static bool Register(const char* /*prefix*/, const char* /*case_name*/,

                       const char* /*test_names*/, int /*index*/) {

    return true;

  }

};

// TypeParameterizedTestCase::Register()

// registers *all combinations* of 'Tests' and 'Types' with Google

// Test.  The return value is insignificant - we just need to return

// something such that we can call this function in a namespace scope.

template 

class TypeParameterizedTestCase {

 public:

  static bool Register(const char* prefix, const char* case_name,

                       const char* test_names) {

    typedef typename Tests::Head Head;

    // First, register the first test in 'Test' for each type in 'Types'.

    TypeParameterizedTest::Register(

        prefix, case_name, test_names, 0);

    // Next, recurses (at compile time) with the tail of the test list.

    return TypeParameterizedTestCase

        ::Register(prefix, case_name, SkipComma(test_names));

  }

};

// The base case for the compile time recursion.

template 

class TypeParameterizedTestCase {

 public:

  static bool Register(const char* /*prefix*/, const char* /*case_name*/,

                       const char* /*test_names*/) {

    return true;

  }

};

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST || GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P

// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.

//

// The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by

// the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter

// specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't

// count against the number of frames to be included.

//

// For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls

// GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(..., 1), Foo() will be included in

// the trace but Bar() and GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.

GTEST_API_ String GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(UnitTest* unit_test,

                                                  int skip_count);

// Helpers for suppressing warnings on unreachable code or constant

// condition.

// Always returns true.

GTEST_API_ bool AlwaysTrue();

// Always returns false.

inline bool AlwaysFalse() { return !AlwaysTrue(); }

// Helper for suppressing false warning from Clang on a const char*

// variable declared in a conditional expression always being NULL in

// the else branch.

struct GTEST_API_ ConstCharPtr {

  ConstCharPtr(const char* str) : value(str) {}

  operator bool() const { return true; }

  const char* value;

};

// A simple Linear Congruential Generator for generating random

// numbers with a uniform distribution.  Unlike rand() and srand(), it

// doesn't use global state (and therefore can't interfere with user

// code).  Unlike rand_r(), it's portable.  An LCG isn't very random,

// but it's good enough for our purposes.

class GTEST_API_ Random {

 public:

  static const UInt32 kMaxRange = 1u << 31;

  explicit Random(UInt32 seed) : state_(seed) {}

  void Reseed(UInt32 seed) { state_ = seed; }

  // Generates a random number from [0, range).  Crashes if 'range' is

  // 0 or greater than kMaxRange.

  UInt32 Generate(UInt32 range);

 private:

  UInt32 state_;

  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Random);

};

// Defining a variable of type CompileAssertTypesEqual will cause a

// compiler error iff T1 and T2 are different types.

template 

struct CompileAssertTypesEqual;

template 

struct CompileAssertTypesEqual {

};

// Removes the reference from a type if it is a reference type,

// otherwise leaves it unchanged.  This is the same as

// tr1::remove_reference, which is not widely available yet.

template 

struct RemoveReference { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT

template 

struct RemoveReference { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT

// A handy wrapper around RemoveReference that works when the argument

// T depends on template parameters.

#define GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_(T) \

    typename ::testing::internal::RemoveReference::type

// Removes const from a type if it is a const type, otherwise leaves

// it unchanged.  This is the same as tr1::remove_const, which is not

// widely available yet.

template 

struct RemoveConst { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT

template 

struct RemoveConst { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT

// MSVC 8.0, Sun C++, and IBM XL C++ have a bug which causes the above

// definition to fail to remove the const in 'const int[3]' and 'const

// char[3][4]'.  The following specialization works around the bug.

// However, it causes trouble with GCC and thus needs to be

// conditionally compiled.

#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC) || defined(__IBMCPP__)

template 

struct RemoveConst {

  typedef typename RemoveConst::type type[N];

};

#endif

// A handy wrapper around RemoveConst that works when the argument

// T depends on template parameters.

#define GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(T) \

    typename ::testing::internal::RemoveConst::type

// Turns const U&, U&, const U, and U all into U.

#define GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(T) \

    GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_(T))

// Adds reference to a type if it is not a reference type,

// otherwise leaves it unchanged.  This is the same as

// tr1::add_reference, which is not widely available yet.

template 

struct AddReference { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT

template 

struct AddReference { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT

// A handy wrapper around AddReference that works when the argument T

// depends on template parameters.

#define GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(T) \

    typename ::testing::internal::AddReference::type

// Adds a reference to const on top of T as necessary.  For example,

// it transforms

//

//   char         ==> const char&

//   const char   ==> const char&

//   char&        ==> const char&

//   const char&  ==> const char&

//

// The argument T must depend on some template parameters.

#define GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(T) \

    GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(const GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_(T))

// ImplicitlyConvertible::value is a compile-time bool

// constant that's true iff type From can be implicitly converted to

// type To.

template 

class ImplicitlyConvertible {

 private:

  // We need the following helper functions only for their types.

  // They have no implementations.

  // MakeFrom() is an expression whose type is From.  We cannot simply

  // use From(), as the type From may not have a public default

  // constructor.

  static From MakeFrom();

  // These two functions are overloaded.  Given an expression

  // Helper(x), the compiler will pick the first version if x can be

  // implicitly converted to type To; otherwise it will pick the

  // second version.

  //

  // The first version returns a value of size 1, and the second

  // version returns a value of size 2.  Therefore, by checking the

  // size of Helper(x), which can be done at compile time, we can tell

  // which version of Helper() is used, and hence whether x can be

  // implicitly converted to type To.

  static char Helper(To);

  static char (&Helper(...))[2];  // NOLINT

  // We have to put the 'public' section after the 'private' section,

  // or MSVC refuses to compile the code.

 public:

  // MSVC warns about implicitly converting from double to int for

  // possible loss of data, so we need to temporarily disable the

  // warning.

#ifdef _MSC_VER

# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.

# pragma warning(disable:4244)  // Temporarily disables warning 4244.

  static const bool value =

      sizeof(Helper(ImplicitlyConvertible::MakeFrom())) == 1;

# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.

#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)

  // C++Builder cannot use member overload resolution during template

  // instantiation.  The simplest workaround is to use its C++0x type traits

  // functions (C++Builder 2009 and above only).

  static const bool value = __is_convertible(From, To);

#else

  static const bool value =

      sizeof(Helper(ImplicitlyConvertible::MakeFrom())) == 1;

#endif  // _MSV_VER

};

template 

const bool ImplicitlyConvertible::value;

// IsAProtocolMessage::value is a compile-time bool constant that's

// true iff T is type ProtocolMessage, proto2::Message, or a subclass

// of those.

template 

struct IsAProtocolMessage

    : public bool_constant<

  ImplicitlyConvertible::value ||

  ImplicitlyConvertible::value> {

};

// When the compiler sees expression IsContainerTest(0), if C is an

// STL-style container class, the first overload of IsContainerTest

// will be viable (since both C::iterator* and C::const_iterator* are

// valid types and NULL can be implicitly converted to them).  It will

// be picked over the second overload as 'int' is a perfect match for

// the type of argument 0.  If C::iterator or C::const_iterator is not

// a valid type, the first overload is not viable, and the second

// overload will be picked.  Therefore, we can determine whether C is

// a container class by checking the type of IsContainerTest(0).

// The value of the expression is insignificant.

//

// Note that we look for both C::iterator and C::const_iterator.  The

// reason is that C++ injects the name of a class as a member of the

// class itself (e.g. you can refer to class iterator as either

// 'iterator' or 'iterator::iterator').  If we look for C::iterator

// only, for example, we would mistakenly think that a class named

// iterator is an STL container.

//

// Also note that the simpler approach of overloading

// IsContainerTest(typename C::const_iterator*) and

// IsContainerTest(...) doesn't work with Visual Age C++ and Sun C++.

typedef int IsContainer;

template 

IsContainer IsContainerTest(int /* dummy */,

                            typename C::iterator* /* it */ = NULL,

                            typename C::const_iterator* /* const_it */ = NULL) {

  return 0;

}

typedef char IsNotContainer;

template 

IsNotContainer IsContainerTest(long /* dummy */) { return '\0'; }

// EnableIf::type is void when 'Cond' is true, and

// undefined when 'Cond' is false.  To use SFINAE to make a function

// overload only apply when a particular expression is true, add

// "typename EnableIf::type* = 0" as the last parameter.

template struct EnableIf;

template<> struct EnableIf { typedef void type; };  // NOLINT

// Utilities for native arrays.

// ArrayEq() compares two k-dimensional native arrays using the

// elements' operator==, where k can be any integer >= 0.  When k is

// 0, ArrayEq() degenerates into comparing a single pair of values.

template 

bool ArrayEq(const T* lhs, size_t size, const U* rhs);

// This generic version is used when k is 0.

template 

inline bool ArrayEq(const T& lhs, const U& rhs) { return lhs == rhs; }

// This overload is used when k >= 1.

template 

inline bool ArrayEq(const T(&lhs)[N], const U(&rhs)[N]) {

  return internal::ArrayEq(lhs, N, rhs);

}

// This helper reduces code bloat.  If we instead put its logic inside

// the previous ArrayEq() function, arrays with different sizes would

// lead to different copies of the template code.

template 

bool ArrayEq(const T* lhs, size_t size, const U* rhs) {

  for (size_t i = 0; i != size; i++) {

    if (!internal::ArrayEq(lhs[i], rhs[i]))

      return false;

  }

  return true;

}

// Finds the first element in the iterator range [begin, end) that

// equals elem.  Element may be a native array type itself.

template 

Iter ArrayAwareFind(Iter begin, Iter end, const Element& elem) {

  for (Iter it = begin; it != end; ++it) {

    if (internal::ArrayEq(*it, elem))

      return it;

  }

  return end;

}

// CopyArray() copies a k-dimensional native array using the elements'

// operator=, where k can be any integer >= 0.  When k is 0,

// CopyArray() degenerates into copying a single value.

template 

void CopyArray(const T* from, size_t size, U* to);

// This generic version is used when k is 0.

template 

inline void CopyArray(const T& from, U* to) { *to = from; }

// This overload is used when k >= 1.

template 

inline void CopyArray(const T(&from)[N], U(*to)[N]) {

  internal::CopyArray(from, N, *to);

}

// This helper reduces code bloat.  If we instead put its logic inside

// the previous CopyArray() function, arrays with different sizes

// would lead to different copies of the template code.

template 

void CopyArray(const T* from, size_t size, U* to) {

  for (size_t i = 0; i != size; i++) {

    internal::CopyArray(from[i], to + i);

  }

}

// The relation between an NativeArray object (see below) and the

// native array it represents.

enum RelationToSource {

  kReference,  // The NativeArray references the native array.

  kCopy        // The NativeArray makes a copy of the native array and

               // owns the copy.

};

// Adapts a native array to a read-only STL-style container.  Instead

// of the complete STL container concept, this adaptor only implements

// members useful for Google Mock's container matchers.  New members

// should be added as needed.  To simplify the implementation, we only

// support Element being a raw type (i.e. having no top-level const or

// reference modifier).  It's the client's responsibility to satisfy

// this requirement.  Element can be an array type itself (hence

// multi-dimensional arrays are supported).

template 

class NativeArray {

 public:

  // STL-style container typedefs.

  typedef Element value_type;

  typedef Element* iterator;

  typedef const Element* const_iterator;

  // Constructs from a native array.

  NativeArray(const Element* array, size_t count, RelationToSource relation) {

    Init(array, count, relation);

  }

  // Copy constructor.

  NativeArray(const NativeArray& rhs) {

    Init(rhs.array_, rhs.size_, rhs.relation_to_source_);

  }

  ~NativeArray() {

    // Ensures that the user doesn't instantiate NativeArray with a

    // const or reference type.

    static_cast(StaticAssertTypeEqHelper

        GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Element)>());

    if (relation_to_source_ == kCopy)

      delete[] array_;

  }

  // STL-style container methods.

  size_t size() const { return size_; }

  const_iterator begin() const { return array_; }

  const_iterator end() const { return array_ + size_; }

  bool operator==(const NativeArray& rhs) const {

    return size() == rhs.size() &&

        ArrayEq(begin(), size(), rhs.begin());

  }

 private:

  // Initializes this object; makes a copy of the input array if

  // 'relation' is kCopy.

  void Init(const Element* array, size_t a_size, RelationToSource relation) {

    if (relation == kReference) {

      array_ = array;

    } else {

      Element* const copy = new Element[a_size];

      CopyArray(array, a_size, copy);

      array_ = copy;

    }

    size_ = a_size;

    relation_to_source_ = relation;

  }

  const Element* array_;

  size_t size_;

  RelationToSource relation_to_source_;

  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(NativeArray);

};

}  // namespace internal

}  // namespace testing

#define GTEST_MESSAGE_AT_(file, line, message, result_type) \

  ::testing::internal::AssertHelper(result_type, file, line, message) \

    = ::testing::Message()

#define GTEST_MESSAGE_(message, result_type) \

  GTEST_MESSAGE_AT_(__FILE__, __LINE__, message, result_type)

#define GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_(message) \

  return GTEST_MESSAGE_(message, ::testing::TestPartResult::kFatalFailure)

#define GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_(message) \

  GTEST_MESSAGE_(message, ::testing::TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure)

#define GTEST_SUCCESS_(message) \

  GTEST_MESSAGE_(message, ::testing::TestPartResult::kSuccess)

// Suppresses MSVC warnings 4072 (unreachable code) for the code following

// statement if it returns or throws (or doesn't return or throw in some

// situations).

#define GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement) \

  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }

#define GTEST_TEST_THROW_(statement, expected_exception, fail) \

  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \

  if (::testing::internal::ConstCharPtr gtest_msg = "") { \