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  1. /*
  2.  * qt-faststart.c, v0.2
  3.  * by Mike Melanson (melanson@pcisys.net)
  4.  * This file is placed in the public domain. Use the program however you
  5.  * see fit.
  6.  *
  7.  * This utility rearranges a Quicktime file such that the moov atom
  8.  * is in front of the data, thus facilitating network streaming.
  9.  *
  10.  * To compile this program, start from the base directory from which you
  11.  * are building FFmpeg and type:
  12.  *  make tools/qt-faststart
  13.  * The qt-faststart program will be built in the tools/ directory. If you
  14.  * do not build the program in this manner, correct results are not
  15.  * guaranteed, particularly on 64-bit platforms.
  16.  * Invoke the program with:
  17.  *  qt-faststart <infile.mov> <outfile.mov>
  18.  *
  19.  * Notes: Quicktime files can come in many configurations of top-level
  20.  * atoms. This utility stipulates that the very last atom in the file needs
  21.  * to be a moov atom. When given such a file, this utility will rearrange
  22.  * the top-level atoms by shifting the moov atom from the back of the file
  23.  * to the front, and patch the chunk offsets along the way. This utility
  24.  * presently only operates on uncompressed moov atoms.
  25.  */
  26.  
  27. #include <stdio.h>
  28. #include <stdlib.h>
  29. #include <inttypes.h>
  30. #include <string.h>
  31.  
  32. #ifdef __MINGW32__
  33. #undef fseeko
  34. #define fseeko(x, y, z) fseeko64(x, y, z)
  35. #undef ftello
  36. #define ftello(x)       ftello64(x)
  37. #elif defined(_WIN32)
  38. #undef fseeko
  39. #define fseeko(x, y, z) _fseeki64(x, y, z)
  40. #undef ftello
  41. #define ftello(x)       _ftelli64(x)
  42. #endif
  43.  
  44. #define MIN(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (b) : (a))
  45.  
  46. #define BE_16(x) ((((uint8_t*)(x))[0] <<  8) | ((uint8_t*)(x))[1])
  47.  
  48. #define BE_32(x) (((uint32_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[0]) << 24) |  \
  49.                              (((uint8_t*)(x))[1]  << 16) |  \
  50.                              (((uint8_t*)(x))[2]  <<  8) |  \
  51.                               ((uint8_t*)(x))[3])
  52.  
  53. #define BE_64(x) (((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[0]) << 56) |  \
  54.                   ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[1]) << 48) |  \
  55.                   ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[2]) << 40) |  \
  56.                   ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[3]) << 32) |  \
  57.                   ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[4]) << 24) |  \
  58.                   ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[5]) << 16) |  \
  59.                   ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[6]) <<  8) |  \
  60.                   ((uint64_t)( (uint8_t*)(x))[7]))
  61.  
  62. #define BE_FOURCC(ch0, ch1, ch2, ch3)           \
  63.     ( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch3)        |   \
  64.      ((uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch2) <<  8) |   \
  65.      ((uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch1) << 16) |   \
  66.      ((uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch0) << 24) )
  67.  
  68. #define QT_ATOM BE_FOURCC
  69. /* top level atoms */
  70. #define FREE_ATOM QT_ATOM('f', 'r', 'e', 'e')
  71. #define JUNK_ATOM QT_ATOM('j', 'u', 'n', 'k')
  72. #define MDAT_ATOM QT_ATOM('m', 'd', 'a', 't')
  73. #define MOOV_ATOM QT_ATOM('m', 'o', 'o', 'v')
  74. #define PNOT_ATOM QT_ATOM('p', 'n', 'o', 't')
  75. #define SKIP_ATOM QT_ATOM('s', 'k', 'i', 'p')
  76. #define WIDE_ATOM QT_ATOM('w', 'i', 'd', 'e')
  77. #define PICT_ATOM QT_ATOM('P', 'I', 'C', 'T')
  78. #define FTYP_ATOM QT_ATOM('f', 't', 'y', 'p')
  79. #define UUID_ATOM QT_ATOM('u', 'u', 'i', 'd')
  80.  
  81. #define CMOV_ATOM QT_ATOM('c', 'm', 'o', 'v')
  82. #define STCO_ATOM QT_ATOM('s', 't', 'c', 'o')
  83. #define CO64_ATOM QT_ATOM('c', 'o', '6', '4')
  84.  
  85. #define ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE    8
  86. #define COPY_BUFFER_SIZE   33554432
  87.  
  88. int main(int argc, char *argv[])
  89. {
  90.     FILE *infile  = NULL;
  91.     FILE *outfile = NULL;
  92.     unsigned char atom_bytes[ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE];
  93.     uint32_t atom_type   = 0;
  94.     uint64_t atom_size   = 0;
  95.     uint64_t atom_offset = 0;
  96.     int64_t last_offset;
  97.     unsigned char *moov_atom = NULL;
  98.     unsigned char *ftyp_atom = NULL;
  99.     uint64_t moov_atom_size;
  100.     uint64_t ftyp_atom_size = 0;
  101.     uint64_t i, j;
  102.     uint32_t offset_count;
  103.     uint64_t current_offset;
  104.     int64_t start_offset = 0;
  105.     unsigned char *copy_buffer = NULL;
  106.     int bytes_to_copy;
  107.  
  108.     if (argc != 3) {
  109.         printf("Usage: qt-faststart <infile.mov> <outfile.mov>\n"
  110.                "Note: alternatively you can use -movflags +faststart in ffmpeg\n");
  111.         return 0;
  112.     }
  113.  
  114.     if (!strcmp(argv[1], argv[2])) {
  115.         fprintf(stderr, "input and output files need to be different\n");
  116.         return 1;
  117.     }
  118.  
  119.     infile = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
  120.     if (!infile) {
  121.         perror(argv[1]);
  122.         goto error_out;
  123.     }
  124.  
  125.     /* traverse through the atoms in the file to make sure that 'moov' is
  126.      * at the end */
  127.     while (!feof(infile)) {
  128.         if (fread(atom_bytes, ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, 1, infile) != 1) {
  129.             break;
  130.         }
  131.         atom_size = BE_32(&atom_bytes[0]);
  132.         atom_type = BE_32(&atom_bytes[4]);
  133.  
  134.         /* keep ftyp atom */
  135.         if (atom_type == FTYP_ATOM) {
  136.             ftyp_atom_size = atom_size;
  137.             free(ftyp_atom);
  138.             ftyp_atom = malloc(ftyp_atom_size);
  139.             if (!ftyp_atom) {
  140.                 printf("could not allocate %"PRIu64" bytes for ftyp atom\n",
  141.                        atom_size);
  142.                 goto error_out;
  143.             }
  144.             if (fseeko(infile, -ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, SEEK_CUR) ||
  145.                 fread(ftyp_atom, atom_size, 1, infile) != 1 ||
  146.                 (start_offset = ftello(infile)) < 0) {
  147.                 perror(argv[1]);
  148.                 goto error_out;
  149.             }
  150.         } else {
  151.             int ret;
  152.             /* 64-bit special case */
  153.             if (atom_size == 1) {
  154.                 if (fread(atom_bytes, ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, 1, infile) != 1) {
  155.                     break;
  156.                 }
  157.                 atom_size = BE_64(&atom_bytes[0]);
  158.                 ret = fseeko(infile, atom_size - ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE * 2, SEEK_CUR);
  159.             } else {
  160.                 ret = fseeko(infile, atom_size - ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, SEEK_CUR);
  161.             }
  162.             if (ret) {
  163.                 perror(argv[1]);
  164.                 goto error_out;
  165.             }
  166.         }
  167.         printf("%c%c%c%c %10"PRIu64" %"PRIu64"\n",
  168.                (atom_type >> 24) & 255,
  169.                (atom_type >> 16) & 255,
  170.                (atom_type >>  8) & 255,
  171.                (atom_type >>  0) & 255,
  172.                atom_offset,
  173.                atom_size);
  174.         if ((atom_type != FREE_ATOM) &&
  175.             (atom_type != JUNK_ATOM) &&
  176.             (atom_type != MDAT_ATOM) &&
  177.             (atom_type != MOOV_ATOM) &&
  178.             (atom_type != PNOT_ATOM) &&
  179.             (atom_type != SKIP_ATOM) &&
  180.             (atom_type != WIDE_ATOM) &&
  181.             (atom_type != PICT_ATOM) &&
  182.             (atom_type != UUID_ATOM) &&
  183.             (atom_type != FTYP_ATOM)) {
  184.             printf("encountered non-QT top-level atom (is this a QuickTime file?)\n");
  185.             break;
  186.         }
  187.         atom_offset += atom_size;
  188.  
  189.         /* The atom header is 8 (or 16 bytes), if the atom size (which
  190.          * includes these 8 or 16 bytes) is less than that, we won't be
  191.          * able to continue scanning sensibly after this atom, so break. */
  192.         if (atom_size < 8)
  193.             break;
  194.     }
  195.  
  196.     if (atom_type != MOOV_ATOM) {
  197.         printf("last atom in file was not a moov atom\n");
  198.         free(ftyp_atom);
  199.         fclose(infile);
  200.         return 0;
  201.     }
  202.  
  203.     /* moov atom was, in fact, the last atom in the chunk; load the whole
  204.      * moov atom */
  205.     if (fseeko(infile, -atom_size, SEEK_END)) {
  206.         perror(argv[1]);
  207.         goto error_out;
  208.     }
  209.     last_offset    = ftello(infile);
  210.     if (last_offset < 0) {
  211.         perror(argv[1]);
  212.         goto error_out;
  213.     }
  214.     moov_atom_size = atom_size;
  215.     moov_atom      = malloc(moov_atom_size);
  216.     if (!moov_atom) {
  217.         printf("could not allocate %"PRIu64" bytes for moov atom\n", atom_size);
  218.         goto error_out;
  219.     }
  220.     if (fread(moov_atom, atom_size, 1, infile) != 1) {
  221.         perror(argv[1]);
  222.         goto error_out;
  223.     }
  224.  
  225.     /* this utility does not support compressed atoms yet, so disqualify
  226.      * files with compressed QT atoms */
  227.     if (BE_32(&moov_atom[12]) == CMOV_ATOM) {
  228.         printf("this utility does not support compressed moov atoms yet\n");
  229.         goto error_out;
  230.     }
  231.  
  232.     /* close; will be re-opened later */
  233.     fclose(infile);
  234.     infile = NULL;
  235.  
  236.     /* crawl through the moov chunk in search of stco or co64 atoms */
  237.     for (i = 4; i < moov_atom_size - 4; i++) {
  238.         atom_type = BE_32(&moov_atom[i]);
  239.         if (atom_type == STCO_ATOM) {
  240.             printf(" patching stco atom...\n");
  241.             atom_size = BE_32(&moov_atom[i - 4]);
  242.             if (i + atom_size - 4 > moov_atom_size) {
  243.                 printf(" bad atom size\n");
  244.                 goto error_out;
  245.             }
  246.             offset_count = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 8]);
  247.             if (i + 12 + offset_count * UINT64_C(4) > moov_atom_size) {
  248.                 printf(" bad atom size/element count\n");
  249.                 goto error_out;
  250.             }
  251.             for (j = 0; j < offset_count; j++) {
  252.                 current_offset  = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4]);
  253.                 current_offset += moov_atom_size;
  254.                 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 0] = (current_offset >> 24) & 0xFF;
  255.                 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 1] = (current_offset >> 16) & 0xFF;
  256.                 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 2] = (current_offset >>  8) & 0xFF;
  257.                 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 3] = (current_offset >>  0) & 0xFF;
  258.             }
  259.             i += atom_size - 4;
  260.         } else if (atom_type == CO64_ATOM) {
  261.             printf(" patching co64 atom...\n");
  262.             atom_size = BE_32(&moov_atom[i - 4]);
  263.             if (i + atom_size - 4 > moov_atom_size) {
  264.                 printf(" bad atom size\n");
  265.                 goto error_out;
  266.             }
  267.             offset_count = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 8]);
  268.             if (i + 12 + offset_count * UINT64_C(8) > moov_atom_size) {
  269.                 printf(" bad atom size/element count\n");
  270.                 goto error_out;
  271.             }
  272.             for (j = 0; j < offset_count; j++) {
  273.                 current_offset  = BE_64(&moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8]);
  274.                 current_offset += moov_atom_size;
  275.                 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 0] = (current_offset >> 56) & 0xFF;
  276.                 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 1] = (current_offset >> 48) & 0xFF;
  277.                 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 2] = (current_offset >> 40) & 0xFF;
  278.                 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 3] = (current_offset >> 32) & 0xFF;
  279.                 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 4] = (current_offset >> 24) & 0xFF;
  280.                 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 5] = (current_offset >> 16) & 0xFF;
  281.                 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 6] = (current_offset >>  8) & 0xFF;
  282.                 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 7] = (current_offset >>  0) & 0xFF;
  283.             }
  284.             i += atom_size - 4;
  285.         }
  286.     }
  287.  
  288.     /* re-open the input file and open the output file */
  289.     infile = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
  290.     if (!infile) {
  291.         perror(argv[1]);
  292.         goto error_out;
  293.     }
  294.  
  295.     if (start_offset > 0) { /* seek after ftyp atom */
  296.         if (fseeko(infile, start_offset, SEEK_SET)) {
  297.             perror(argv[1]);
  298.             goto error_out;
  299.         }
  300.  
  301.         last_offset -= start_offset;
  302.     }
  303.  
  304.     outfile = fopen(argv[2], "wb");
  305.     if (!outfile) {
  306.         perror(argv[2]);
  307.         goto error_out;
  308.     }
  309.  
  310.     /* dump the same ftyp atom */
  311.     if (ftyp_atom_size > 0) {
  312.         printf(" writing ftyp atom...\n");
  313.         if (fwrite(ftyp_atom, ftyp_atom_size, 1, outfile) != 1) {
  314.             perror(argv[2]);
  315.             goto error_out;
  316.         }
  317.     }
  318.  
  319.     /* dump the new moov atom */
  320.     printf(" writing moov atom...\n");
  321.     if (fwrite(moov_atom, moov_atom_size, 1, outfile) != 1) {
  322.         perror(argv[2]);
  323.         goto error_out;
  324.     }
  325.  
  326.     /* copy the remainder of the infile, from offset 0 -> last_offset - 1 */
  327.     bytes_to_copy = MIN(COPY_BUFFER_SIZE, last_offset);
  328.     copy_buffer = malloc(bytes_to_copy);
  329.     if (!copy_buffer) {
  330.         printf("could not allocate %d bytes for copy_buffer\n", bytes_to_copy);
  331.         goto error_out;
  332.     }
  333.     printf(" copying rest of file...\n");
  334.     while (last_offset) {
  335.         bytes_to_copy = MIN(bytes_to_copy, last_offset);
  336.  
  337.         if (fread(copy_buffer, bytes_to_copy, 1, infile) != 1) {
  338.             perror(argv[1]);
  339.             goto error_out;
  340.         }
  341.         if (fwrite(copy_buffer, bytes_to_copy, 1, outfile) != 1) {
  342.             perror(argv[2]);
  343.             goto error_out;
  344.         }
  345.         last_offset -= bytes_to_copy;
  346.     }
  347.  
  348.     fclose(infile);
  349.     fclose(outfile);
  350.     free(moov_atom);
  351.     free(ftyp_atom);
  352.     free(copy_buffer);
  353.  
  354.     return 0;
  355.  
  356. error_out:
  357.     if (infile)
  358.         fclose(infile);
  359.     if (outfile)
  360.         fclose(outfile);
  361.     free(moov_atom);
  362.     free(ftyp_atom);
  363.     free(copy_buffer);
  364.     return 1;
  365. }
  366.