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// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
// Google Test - The Google C++ Testing Framework
//
// This file implements a universal value printer that can print a
// value of any type T:
//
// void ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, ostream_ptr);
//
// It uses the << operator when possible, and prints the bytes in the
// object otherwise. A user can override its behavior for a class
// type Foo by defining either operator<<(::std::ostream&, const Foo&)
// or void PrintTo(const Foo&, ::std::ostream*) in the namespace that
// defines Foo.
#include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ostream> // NOLINT
#include <string>
#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
namespace testing {
namespace {
using ::std::ostream;
// Prints a segment of bytes in the given object.
void PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t start,
size_t count, ostream* os) {
char text[5] = "";
for (size_t i = 0; i != count; i++) {
const size_t j = start + i;
if (i != 0) {
// Organizes the bytes into groups of 2 for easy parsing by
// human.
if ((j % 2) == 0)
*os << ' ';
else
*os << '-';
}
GTEST_SNPRINTF_(text, sizeof(text), "%02X", obj_bytes[j]);
*os << text;
}
}
// Prints the bytes in the given value to the given ostream.
void PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t count,
ostream* os) {
// Tells the user how big the object is.
*os << count << "-byte object <";
const size_t kThreshold = 132;
const size_t kChunkSize = 64;
// If the object size is bigger than kThreshold, we'll have to omit
// some details by printing only the first and the last kChunkSize
// bytes.
// TODO(wan): let the user control the threshold using a flag.
if (count < kThreshold) {
PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, 0, count, os);
} else {
PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, 0, kChunkSize, os);
*os << " ... ";
// Rounds up to 2-byte boundary.
const size_t resume_pos = (count - kChunkSize + 1)/2*2;
PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, resume_pos, count - resume_pos, os);
}
*os << ">";
}
} // namespace
namespace internal2 {
// Delegates to PrintBytesInObjectToImpl() to print the bytes in the
// given object. The delegation simplifies the implementation, which
// uses the << operator and thus is easier done outside of the
// ::testing::internal namespace, which contains a << operator that
// sometimes conflicts with the one in STL.
void PrintBytesInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t count,
ostream* os) {
PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(obj_bytes, count, os);
}
} // namespace internal2
namespace internal {
// Depending on the value of a char (or wchar_t), we print it in one
// of three formats:
// - as is if it's a printable ASCII (e.g. 'a', '2', ' '),
// - as a hexidecimal escape sequence (e.g. '\x7F'), or
// - as a special escape sequence (e.g. '\r', '\n').
enum CharFormat {
kAsIs,
kHexEscape,
kSpecialEscape
};
// Returns true if c is a printable ASCII character. We test the
// value of c directly instead of calling isprint(), which is buggy on
// Windows Mobile.
inline bool IsPrintableAscii(wchar_t c) {
return 0x20 <= c && c <= 0x7E;
}
// Prints a wide or narrow char c as a character literal without the
// quotes, escaping it when necessary; returns how c was formatted.
// The template argument UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char,
// which is the type of c.
template <typename UnsignedChar, typename Char>
static CharFormat PrintAsCharLiteralTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
switch (static_cast<wchar_t>(c)) {
case L'\0':
*os << "\\0";
break;
case L'\'':
*os << "\\'";
break;
case L'\\':
*os << "\\\\";
break;
case L'\a':
*os << "\\a";
break;
case L'\b':
*os << "\\b";
break;
case L'\f':
*os << "\\f";
break;
case L'\n':
*os << "\\n";
break;
case L'\r':
*os << "\\r";
break;
case L'\t':
*os << "\\t";
break;
case L'\v':
*os << "\\v";
break;
default:
if (IsPrintableAscii(c)) {
*os << static_cast<char>(c);
return kAsIs;
} else {
*os << "\\x" + String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
return kHexEscape;
}
}
return kSpecialEscape;
}
// Prints a wchar_t c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
// necessary; returns how c was formatted.
static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream* os) {
switch (c) {
case L'\'':
*os << "'";
return kAsIs;
case L'"':
*os << "\\\"";
return kSpecialEscape;
default:
return PrintAsCharLiteralTo<wchar_t>(c, os);
}
}
// Prints a char c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
// necessary; returns how c was formatted.
static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(char c, ostream* os) {
return PrintAsStringLiteralTo(
static_cast<wchar_t>(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)), os);
}
// Prints a wide or narrow character c and its code. '\0' is printed
// as "'\\0'", other unprintable characters are also properly escaped
// using the standard C++ escape sequence. The template argument
// UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char, which is the type of c.
template <typename UnsignedChar, typename Char>
void PrintCharAndCodeTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
// First, print c as a literal in the most readable form we can find.
*os << ((sizeof(c) > 1) ? "L'" : "'");
const CharFormat format = PrintAsCharLiteralTo<UnsignedChar>(c, os);
*os << "'";
// To aid user debugging, we also print c's code in decimal, unless
// it's 0 (in which case c was printed as '\\0', making the code
// obvious).
if (c == 0)
return;
*os << " (" << static_cast<int>(c);
// For more convenience, we print c's code again in hexidecimal,
// unless c was already printed in the form '\x##' or the code is in
// [1, 9].
if (format == kHexEscape || (1 <= c && c <= 9)) {
// Do nothing.
} else {
*os << ", 0x" << String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
}
*os << ")";
}
void PrintTo(unsigned char c, ::std::ostream* os) {
PrintCharAndCodeTo<unsigned char>(c, os);
}
void PrintTo(signed char c, ::std::ostream* os) {
PrintCharAndCodeTo<unsigned char>(c, os);
}
// Prints a wchar_t as a symbol if it is printable or as its internal
// code otherwise and also as its code. L'\0' is printed as "L'\\0'".
void PrintTo(wchar_t wc, ostream* os) {
PrintCharAndCodeTo<wchar_t>(wc, os);
}
// Prints the given array of characters to the ostream. CharType must be either
// char or wchar_t.
// The array starts at begin, the length is len, it may include '\0' characters
// and may not be NUL-terminated.
template <typename CharType>
static void PrintCharsAsStringTo(
const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
const char* const kQuoteBegin = sizeof(CharType) == 1 ? "\"" : "L\"";
*os << kQuoteBegin;
bool is_previous_hex = false;
for (size_t index = 0; index < len; ++index) {
const CharType cur = begin[index];
if (is_previous_hex && IsXDigit(cur)) {
// Previous character is of '\x..' form and this character can be
// interpreted as another hexadecimal digit in its number. Break string to
// disambiguate.
*os << "\" " << kQuoteBegin;
}
is_previous_hex = PrintAsStringLiteralTo(cur, os) == kHexEscape;
}
*os << "\"";
}
// Prints a (const) char/wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
// 'begin'. CharType must be either char or wchar_t.
template <typename CharType>
static void UniversalPrintCharArray(
const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
// The code
// const char kFoo[] = "foo";
// generates an array of 4, not 3, elements, with the last one being '\0'.
//
// Therefore when printing a char array, we don't print the last element if
// it's '\0', such that the output matches the string literal as it's
// written in the source code.
if (len > 0 && begin[len - 1] == '\0') {
PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len - 1, os);
return;
}
// If, however, the last element in the array is not '\0', e.g.
// const char kFoo[] = { 'f', 'o', 'o' };
// we must print the entire array. We also print a message to indicate
// that the array is not NUL-terminated.
PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len, os);
*os << " (no terminating NUL)";
}
// Prints a (const) char array of 'len' elements, starting at address 'begin'.
void UniversalPrintArray(const char* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os);
}
// Prints a (const) wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
// 'begin'.
void UniversalPrintArray(const wchar_t* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os);
}
// Prints the given C string to the ostream.
void PrintTo(const char* s, ostream* os) {
if (s == NULL) {
*os << "NULL";
} else {
*os << ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s) << " pointing to ";
PrintCharsAsStringTo(s, strlen(s), os);
}
}
// MSVC compiler can be configured to define whar_t as a typedef
// of unsigned short. Defining an overload for const wchar_t* in that case
// would cause pointers to unsigned shorts be printed as wide strings,
// possibly accessing more memory than intended and causing invalid
// memory accesses. MSVC defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED symbol when
// wchar_t is implemented as a native type.
#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
// Prints the given wide C string to the ostream.
void PrintTo(const wchar_t* s, ostream* os) {
if (s == NULL) {
*os << "NULL";
} else {
*os << ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s) << " pointing to ";
PrintCharsAsStringTo(s, wcslen(s), os);
}
}
#endif // wchar_t is native
// Prints a ::string object.
#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
void PrintStringTo(const ::string& s, ostream* os) {
PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
}
#endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
void PrintStringTo(const ::std::string& s, ostream* os) {
PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
}
// Prints a ::wstring object.
#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
void PrintWideStringTo(const ::wstring& s, ostream* os) {
PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
}
#endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
void PrintWideStringTo(const ::std::wstring& s, ostream* os) {
PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
}
#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
} // namespace internal
} // namespace testing