BlueGreycalmElegant

Català-Valencià – Catalan中文 – Chinese (Simplified)中文 – Chinese (Traditional)Česky – CzechDansk – DanishNederlands – DutchEnglish – EnglishSuomi – FinnishFrançais – FrenchDeutsch – Germanעברית – Hebrewहिंदी – HindiMagyar – HungarianBahasa Indonesia – IndonesianItaliano – Italian日本語 – Japanese한국어 – KoreanМакедонски – Macedonianमराठी – MarathiNorsk – NorwegianPolski – PolishPortuguês – PortuguesePortuguês – Portuguese (Brazil)Русский – RussianSlovenčina – SlovakSlovenščina – SlovenianEspañol – SpanishSvenska – SwedishTürkçe – TurkishУкраїнська – UkrainianOëzbekcha – Uzbek

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Regard whitespace Rev 7543 → Rev 7544

/data/Tupfile.lua
243,8 → 243,8
{"kolibrios/media/zsea/zsea.ini", PROGS .. "/media/zsea/zSea.ini"},
{"kolibrios/media/zsea/buttons/buttons.png", PROGS .. "/media/zsea/buttons.png"},
{"kolibrios/res/skins/", "../skins/authors.txt"},
{"kolibrios/res/wallpapers/in_the_wind.png", "common/wallpapers/in_the_wind.png"},
{"kolibrios/res/wallpapers/deink.png", "common/wallpapers/deink.png"},
{"kolibrios/res/wallpapers/", "common/wallpapers/*"},
{"kolibrios/res/templates/", "common/templates/*"},
}
if build_type == "rus" then tup.append_table(extra_files, {
{"Docs/cp866/config.txt", build_type .. "/docs/CONFIG.TXT"},

/data/common/templates/graph1.grf
0,0 → 1,2
0 25 -9 9
=9*exp(-x/10)*sin(x)

/data/common/templates/graph2.grf
0,0 → 1,35
-3 3 -1 1
0 0
0,1 0,099833417
0,2 0,198669331
0,3 0,295520207
0,4 0,389418342
0,5 0,479425539
0,6 0,564642473
0,7 0,644217687
0,8 0,717356091
0,9 0,78332691
1 0,841470985
1,1 0,89120736
1,2 0,932039086
1,3 0,963558185
1,4 0,98544973
1,5 0,997494987
1,6 0,999573603
1,7 0,99166481
1,8 0,973847631
1,9 0,946300088
2 0,909297427
2,1 0,863209367
2,2 0,808496404
2,3 0,745705212
2,4 0,675463181
2,5 0,598472144
2,6 0,515501372
2,7 0,42737988
2,8 0,33498815
2,9 0,239249329
3 0,141120008
3,1 0,041580662
3,2 -0,058374143
3,3 -0,157745694

/data/common/templates/shell_escape.sh
0,0 → 1,33
#SHS
echo Table for 16-color terminal escape sequences.
echo Replace ESC with \033 in bash.
echo Background | Foreground colors
echo ---------------------------------------------------------------------
echo  ESC[40m |  [30m  [31m  [32m  [33m  [34m  [35m  [36m  [37m 
echo  ESC[40m |  [1;30m [1;31m [1;32m [1;33m [1;34m [1;35m [1;36m [1;37m
echo ---------------------------------------------------------------------
echo  ESC[41m |  [30m  [31m  [32m  [33m  [34m  [35m  [36m  [37m 
echo  ESC[41m |  [1;30m [1;31m [1;32m [1;33m [1;34m [1;35m [1;36m [1;37m
echo ---------------------------------------------------------------------
echo  ESC[42m |  [30m  [31m  [32m  [33m  [34m  [35m  [36m  [37m 
echo  ESC[42m |  [1;30m [1;31m [1;32m [1;33m [1;34m [1;35m [1;36m [1;37m
echo ---------------------------------------------------------------------
echo  ESC[43m |  [30m  [31m  [32m  [33m  [34m  [35m  [36m  [37m 
echo  ESC[43m |  [1;30m [1;31m [1;32m [1;33m [1;34m [1;35m [1;36m [1;37m
echo ---------------------------------------------------------------------
echo  ESC[44m |  [30m  [31m  [32m  [33m  [34m  [35m  [36m  [37m 
echo  ESC[44m |  [1;30m [1;31m [1;32m [1;33m [1;34m [1;35m [1;36m [1;37m
echo ---------------------------------------------------------------------
echo  ESC[45m |  [30m  [31m  [32m  [33m  [34m  [35m  [36m  [37m 
echo  ESC[45m |  [1;30m [1;31m [1;32m [1;33m [1;34m [1;35m [1;36m [1;37m
echo ---------------------------------------------------------------------
echo  ESC[46m |  [30m  [31m  [32m  [33m  [34m  [35m  [36m  [37m 
echo  ESC[46m |  [1;30m [1;31m [1;32m [1;33m [1;34m [1;35m [1;36m [1;37m
echo ---------------------------------------------------------------------
echo  ESC[47m |  [30m  [31m  [32m  [33m  [34m  [35m  [36m  [37m 
echo  ESC[47m |  [1;30m [1;31m [1;32m [1;33m [1;34m [1;35m [1;36m [1;37m
echo ---------------------------------------------------------------------

/data/common/templates/shell_misc.sh
0,0 → 1,44
#SHS
echo Hello, I am a command language interpreter example.
ver
sleep 200
echo
echo ==============
echo runing palitra
echo ==============
/sys/media/palitra H 00AEC3D8 003A95BF
sleep 300
/sys/media/palitra H 007DCEDF 003C427F
sleep 200
/sys/media/palitra H 00FFFF9F 003CC6DF
sleep 200
echo
echo ==============
echo runing fillscr
echo ==============
/sys/media/fillscr 105,145,200, 105,145,200, 105,145,200, 60,60,128, 82,102,164, 60,60,128, 60,60,128, 60,60,128, 60,60,128
sleep 200
echo
echo ==============
echo runing @notify
echo ==============
/sys/@notify "Hello, I am a @notify app!"
sleep 300
/sys/@notify "@notify can show several lines.\nNotices are closed automatically in 5 sec."
sleep 300
/sys/@notify '@notify\nYou can also set an icon and a title.' -tI
sleep 300
exit

/data/common/templates/table_apps(rus).csv
0,0 → 1,79
ˆ¬ï ¯à®£à ¬¬ë;Ž¯¨á ­¨¥;Lang;WebSVN;Forum;wiki
@docky;„®ª-¡ à;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fsystem%2Fdocky%2F&#a92e88fd4523f8d4e6b72c977e438ea8a;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=2455;
@hotangles;"á«ã¦¡  ®¯æ¨¨ Hot Angles (§ ¯ã᪠¯à¨«®¦¥­¨ï ¯ãâñ¬ ­ ¢¥¤¥­¨ï ªãàá®à  ¢ 㣮« íªà ­ ; ¤®¯. ¢®§¬®¦­®á⨠ࠡ®ç¥£® á⮫ )";asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fother%2Fha%2F&#af32bbff78a611a6e4824edcba7361181;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=3762;
@icon;à ¡®ç¨© á⮫;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=1515;
@menu;Œ¥­î ¯ãáª.;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fsystem%2Fmenu%2Ftrunk%2F&#a07a01d3bfab170d2567a0c43beb53556;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=1906;
@notify;ã⨫¨â  ¢ë¢®¤  㢥¤®¬«¥­¨©;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=2650;
@open;„¨ «®£ ¢ë¡®à  ¯à®£à ¬¬ë.;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fsystem%2Fopen%2F&#a71954713f684b2f848a962781352c698;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=2997;
@ss;‘ªà¨­á¥©¢¥à. •à ­¨â¥«ì íªà ­ . ‡ áâ ¢ª  íªà ­ .;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fsystem%2Fss%2Ftrunk%2F&#ae76c7f2a5ba34ae0045bc2f9189f3de0;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=2045;
@taskbar;¯ ­¥«ì § ¤ ç;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fsystem%2Ftaskbar%2F&#a62ec11ea886ca71c82afc8a714b579cf;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=809;
@volume;¥£ã«¨à®¢é¨ª §¢ãª .;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fmedia%2Fvolume%2F&#afc250e0bd57c71d8513adada51b87586;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=38&t=3010;
allgames;¨£à®¢®© 業âà;c--;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=3001;
app_plus;"¢¨¤¦¥â ᮠᯨ᪮¬ ¯à®£à ¬¬ ISO; ¯®§¢®«ï¥â ¯à¨¬®­â¨à®¢ âì /kolibrios/ ¢àãç­ãî";c--;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=3001;
asciivju;’ ¡«¨æ  ASCII ᨬ¢®«®¢.;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fdevelop%2Fasciivju%2Ftrunk%2F&#a5da69869b5757c5b71158a900f51c0c3;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=1455;
calc;ª «ìªã«ïâ®à;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fother%2Fcalc%2F&#a63c078ecbd7ae4df180813602b5ae0b7;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=46&t=392;
calendar;á¨á⥬­ë© ª «¥­¤ àì;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fsystem%2Fcalendar%2F&#aad5ef82ddbb8983b84a7bea39c99bd48;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=705;
colrdial;¤¨ «®£ ¢ë¡®à  æ¢¥â  á ¯ «¨âன;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=1946;
cpu;¤¨á¯¥âç¥à ¯à®æ¥áᮢ;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fsystem%2Fcpu%2F&#ade815415c1e9b899c56c61778998e7fc;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=2054;
cpuid;¯®¤à®¡­ ï ¨­ä®à¬ æ¨ï ® ¯à®æ¥áá®à¥;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fsystem%2Fcpuid%2F&#a82de51835bbc6ad60432500271150598;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=594;
cropflat;Ž£à ­¨ç¥­¨¥ à §¬¥à®¢ ®â®¡à ¦ ¥¬®© ç á⨠íªà ­ ;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=36&t=2071&p=41586&hilit=cropflat#p41586;
disptest;¯à®£à ¬¬  ¤«ï ¯à®¢¥àª¨ ¬ âà¨æë ¤¨á¯«¥ï;;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=1122;
docpack;¤®ªã¬¥­â æ¨ï / ¡«®ª ¤®ªã¬¥­â®¢;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fsystem%2Fdocpack%2F&#a8b02b30e041c28305e4b1339149932ea;;
easyshot;¯à®á⮩ áªà¨­è®â¥à;c--;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=3695;
end;¯à®£à ¬¬  § ¢¥à襭¨ï à ¡®âë;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=2442;
eskin;ãáâ ­®¢é¨ª ä®­  ¨ ᪨­  ¯à¨ áâ à⥠á¨á⥬ë;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=2424;
fb2read;ç¨â «ª  fb2;oberon07;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=46&t=3128;
font_viewer;¯à®á¬®âà KF èà¨ä⮢;c--;;;
fspeed;â¥áâ¨à®¢ ­¨¥ ᪮à®á⨠¤¨áª  ¢ à ¡®â¥ á ä ©« ¬¨;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=2660;
gmon;¨­ä®à¬ æ¨ï ® § £à㧪¥ á¨á⥬ë;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=470;
graph;¯®áâ஥­¨¥ £à ä¨ª®¢;c (msvc);;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=38&t=1059;
haconfig;ª®­ä¨£ãà â®à ®¯æ¨¨ Hot Angles;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fother%2Fha%2F&#af32bbff78a611a6e4824edcba7361181;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=3762;
hdd_info;¨­ä®à¬ æ¨ï ® 䨧¨ç¥áª¨å ¤¨áª å;;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=1318;
kbd;ã⨫¨â  ¯®§¢®«ï¥â ®âª«îç âì î¦­ë© ¬®áâ ­  ¬ â¥à¨­áª®© ¯« â¥ ¤«ï íª®­®¬¨¨ í«¥ªâà®í­¥à£¨¨;asm;;;http://wiki.kolibrios.org/wiki/Kbd/ru
kerpack;ᦨ¬ ¥â kernel.mnt;asm;;;
kpack;á¨á⥬­ë© 㯠ª®¢é¨ª ¨ à á¯ ª®¢é¨ª;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=46&t=355;
launcher;§ ¯ã᪠¯à®£à ¬¬ ¯à¨ áâ à⥠á¨á⥬ë;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=2454;
loaddrv;ã⨫¨â  ¤«ï àãç­®© § £à㧪¨ ¤à ©¢¥à®¢ ;asm;;;
lod;à ¡®â ¥â ç¥à¥§ ¯ à ¬¥âàë: ®âªà뢠¥â opendial á ¬ áª®© ¨ ¯®á«¥ ¢ë¡®à  ä ©«  ®âªà뢠¥â ¥£® ¢ ¯à¨«®¦¥­¨¨;;;;
madmouse;¤¥« ¥â áâ®à®­ë íªà ­  ᪢®§­ë¬¨ ¤«ï ¬ëè¨;;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=1732;
magnify;㢥«¨ç¨â¥«ì­®¥ á⥪«® ¤«ï à ¡®ç¥£® á⮫ ;;;;
mgb;£à ä¨ç¥áª¨© ¡¥­ç¬ àª;;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=670;
mousecfg;ã⨫¨â  ­ áâனª¨ ¨ ¯à®¢¥àª¨ ¬ëè¨;c--;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fcmm%2Fmousecfg%2F&#a51476493ffefa534a9f94b1bd115997f;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=3095;
mousemul;í¬ã«ïâ®à ¬ëè¨ ç¥à¥§ ª« ¢¨ âãàã;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=814;
mykey;;asm;;;
notes;§ ¬¥âª¨;c--;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fcmm%2Fnotes%2F&#ab282b876c270d40ad64654e8b7727298;;
panels_cfg;ã¯à ¢«¥­¨¥ â áª¡ à®¬ ¨ ¤®ª®¬;c--;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=3020;
pcidev;¨­ä®à¬ æ¨ï ®¡ ãáâனáâ¢ å ­  ¬ â¥à¨­áª®© ¯« â¥;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=73;
period;¯¥à¨®¤¨ç¥áª ï â ¡«¨æ ;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=38&t=411;
pipetka;¯¨¯¥âª  ¤«ï à ¡®ç¥£® á⮫ ;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=38&t=3546;
rdsave;á®åà ­¥­¨¥ ®¡à §  IMG ¤«ï á®åà ­¥­¨ï ¨§¬¥­¥­¨© ¢ á¨á⥬¥;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fsystem%2Frdsave%2F&#a96edb222ca9242e088c4b4a52513c728;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=645;
rtfread;ç¨â «ª  RTF;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=1821;
run;§ ¯ã᪠«ª  ä ©«®¢ á ¯ à ¬¥âà ¬¨;uasm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fsystem%2Frun%2F&#af97b4cdeaba3ef1cb77ef952175085df;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=554;
srcshoot;áâਭè®â¥à;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fmedia%2Fscrshoot%2F&#a268c6b8a259b32f84482097103fcf083;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=38&t=528;
searchap;¯®¨áª ¨ ¯®¤ª«î祭¨¥ ¤®¯®«­¨â¥«ì­®© á¨á⥬­®© ¯ ¯ª¨ /kolibrios/;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fsystem%2Fsearchap%2F&#ab5102e78ca9592829ed715bc6f82267d;;
setup;­ áâனª  ­¥ª®â®àëå á¨á⥬­ëå ¯ à ¬¥â஢;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=1966;
shell;ª®­á®«ì­ë© ¨­â¥à¯à¥â â®à ª®¬ ­¤ (襫«);c (gcc);http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fsystem%2Fshell%2F&#a3c50045ecae9694143987608f19fe69b;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=1111;http://wiki.kolibrios.org/wiki/Shell/ru
skincfg;­ áâனª  梥⮢ ®ª®­;asm;;;
sysmon;"¬®­¨â®à¨­£ à¥áãàᮢ (Ž‡“; CPU ¨ ᢮¡®¤­®© ¯ ¬ïâ¨)";c--;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fcmm%2Fsysmon%2F&#a65a1e5da34b9a03e871ac1d837c418b1;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=3753;
syspanel;á¨á⥬­ ï ¯ ­¥«ì;;;;
table;। ªâ®à í«¥ªâà®­­ëå â ¡«¨æ;c (msvc);http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fother%2Ftable%2F&#a944e66191e0bbc79d321026a7d432775;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=46&t=1070;http://wiki.kolibrios.org/wiki/Table/ru
terminal;â¥à¬¨­ « ¤«ï à ¡®âë á com ¯®àâ ¬¨;;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=23&t=2563&hilit=terminal;
test;â¥áâ § é¨âë ï¤à ;;;;
tinfo;¨­ä®à¬ æ¨ï ® ¯®â®ª¥ ¢ë¯®«­¥­¨ï (ŠŒ ­  ¯à®æ¥áᥠ¢ cpu);asm;;;
tinypad;⥪áâ®¢ë© à¥¤ ªâ®à;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=46&t=39;
tmpdisk;ã¯à ¢«¥­¨¥ ¢¨àâã «ì­ë¬¨ RAM ¤¨áª ¬¨ /tmp;c--;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=44&t=2172;
txtread;ç¨â «ª  ⥪á⮢ëå ä ©«®¢;c--;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=46&t=3119;
unz;à á¯ ª®¢é¨ª  à娢®¢ ZIP ¨ 7Z;asm;;;
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board;¤®áª  ®â« ¤ª¨ ¨ á®®¡é¥­¨©;asm;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fsystem%2Fboard%2F&#a47fda09b36905262a7a84fd15e2cb66a;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=1485;
clipview;¯à®á¬®âà騪 ᮤ¥à¦¨¬®£® ¡ãä¥à  ®¡¬¥­ ;c--;http://websvn.kolibrios.org/listing.php?repname=Kolibri+OS&path=%2Fprograms%2Fcmm%2Fclipview%2F&#a71f4bc86e0bd2fc3e7634575ae41b9af;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=3396;
diff;¢¨§ã «ì­®¥ áà ¢­¥­¨¥ ¤¢ãå ⥪á⮢ëå ä ©«®¢;c--;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=45&t=3436;
fasm; áᥬ¡«¥à;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=45&t=1514;
h2d2b;¯à¥®¡à §®¢ ­¨¥ ç¨á¥« hex 2 dec 2 bin;asm;;http://board.kolibrios.org/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=117;
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<strong><em>Äîêóìåíòàöèÿ íà C--.</em></strong></font>
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Ñîäåðæàíèå.
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<h1>Ñîäåðæàíèå</h1>
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<A href="#intro" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">1 Ââåäåíèå.
<div id="contents">
<a href="#intro">1 Ââåäåíèå.
1.1 Èñòîðèÿ ñîçäàíèÿ è ðàçâèòèÿ.</A>
<A href="#1.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">1.2 ×òî òàêîå C--?</a>
<A href="#1.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">1.3 Êàê óñòàíîâèòü C--.</a>
<a href="#1.2">1.2 ×òî òàêîå C--?</a>
<a href="#1.3">1.3 Êàê óñòàíîâèòü C--.</a>
<A name=contents2>
<A href="#2.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2. Óïðàâëåíèå êîìïèëÿöèåé.
<a href="#2.1">2. Óïðàâëåíèå êîìïèëÿöèåé.
2.1 Ïàðàìåòðû êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè êîìïèëÿòîðà C--.</a>
<A href="#2.1.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.1 /ON - Îïòèìèçàöèÿ ÷èñëîâûõ âûðàæåíèé.</a>
<A href="#2.1.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.2 /DE - Âðåìåííîå ðàñøèðåíèå ðàçðÿäíîñòè ïåðåìåííîé.</a>
<A href="#2.1.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.3 /ARGC - Àëüòåðíàòèâíûé îáðàáîò÷èê êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè.</a>
<A href="#2.1.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.4 /OST - ñëèÿíèå îäèíàêîâûõ ñòðîêîâûõ êîíñòàíò.</a>
<A href="#2.1.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.5 /D - óñòàíîâêà èäåíòèôèêàòîðà â TRUE èç êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè.</a>
<A href="#2.1.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.6 /IA - óïðîùåííûé ââîä àññåìáëåðíûõ èíñòðóêöèé.</a>
<A href="#2.1.7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.7 /CRI - ïðîïóñê ïîâòîðíî âêëþ÷àåìîãî ôàéëà.</a>
<A href="#2.1.8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.8 /IND - èìïîðò èìåí ïðîöåäóð èç DLL.</a>
<A href="#2.1.9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.9 /WS - çàäàòü èìÿ stub ôàéëà äëÿ ïðîãðàìì ïîä windows.</a>
<A href="#2.1.10" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.10 /WBSS - ðàçìåñòèòü íå èíèöèàëèçèðîâàííûå äàííûå â îòäåëüíîé ñåêöèè.</a>
<A href="#2.1.11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.11 /DBG - ñîçäàíèå îòëàäî÷íîé èíôîðìàöèè.</a>
<A href="#2.1.12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.12 /J0 /J1 /J2.</a>
<A href="#2.1.13" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.13 /LST - Ñîçäàíèå àññåìáëåðíîãî ëèñòèíãà.</a>
<A href="#2.1.14" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.14 /ENV - Ñîõðàíåíèå àäðåñà ïåðåìåííûõ îêðóæåíèÿ.</a>
<A href="#2.1.15" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.15 /CPA - Î÷èñòêà post-îáëàñòè äàííûõ.</a>
<A href="#2.1.16" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.16 /W - âûâîä ïðåäóïðåæäåíèé.</a>
<A href="#2.1.17" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.17 /NW - Âûáîðî÷íîå îòêëþ÷åíèå òèïîâ ïðåäóïðåæäåíèé.</a>
<A href="#2.1.18" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.18 /WSI - êîðîòêàÿ òàáëèöà èìïîðòà.</a>
<A href="#2.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2 Äèðåêòèâû òðàíñëÿòîðà.</a>
<A href="#2.2.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.1 ?ifdef/?ifndef</a>
<A href="#2.2.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.2 ?initallvar</a>
<A href="#2.2.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.3 ?usestartup</a>
<A href="#2.2.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.4 ?startusevar</a>
<A href="#2.2.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.5 ?atexit</a>
<A href="#2.2.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.6 ?startuptomain</a>
<A href="#2.2.7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.7 ?undef</a>
<A href="#2.2.8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.8 ?align è ?aligncode</a>
<A href="#2.2.9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.9 ?pragma</a>
<a href="#2.1.1">2.1.1 /ON - Îïòèìèçàöèÿ ÷èñëîâûõ âûðàæåíèé.</a>
<a href="#2.1.2">2.1.2 /DE - Âðåìåííîå ðàñøèðåíèå ðàçðÿäíîñòè ïåðåìåííîé.</a>
<a href="#2.1.3">2.1.3 /ARGC - Àëüòåðíàòèâíûé îáðàáîò÷èê êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè.</a>
<a href="#2.1.4">2.1.4 /OST - ñëèÿíèå îäèíàêîâûõ ñòðîêîâûõ êîíñòàíò.</a>
<a href="#2.1.5">2.1.5 /D - óñòàíîâêà èäåíòèôèêàòîðà â TRUE èç êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè.</a>
<a href="#2.1.6">2.1.6 /IA - óïðîùåííûé ââîä àññåìáëåðíûõ èíñòðóêöèé.</a>
<a href="#2.1.7">2.1.7 /CRI - ïðîïóñê ïîâòîðíî âêëþ÷àåìîãî ôàéëà.</a>
<a href="#2.1.8">2.1.8 /IND - èìïîðò èìåí ïðîöåäóð èç DLL.</a>
<a href="#2.1.9">2.1.9 /WS - çàäàòü èìÿ stub ôàéëà äëÿ ïðîãðàìì ïîä windows.</a>
<a href="#2.1.10">2.1.10 /WBSS - ðàçìåñòèòü íå èíèöèàëèçèðîâàííûå äàííûå â îòäåëüíîé ñåêöèè.</a>
<a href="#2.1.11">2.1.11 /DBG - ñîçäàíèå îòëàäî÷íîé èíôîðìàöèè.</a>
<a href="#2.1.12">2.1.12 /J0 /J1 /J2.</a>
<a href="#2.1.13">2.1.13 /LST - Ñîçäàíèå àññåìáëåðíîãî ëèñòèíãà.</a>
<a href="#2.1.14">2.1.14 /ENV - Ñîõðàíåíèå àäðåñà ïåðåìåííûõ îêðóæåíèÿ.</a>
<a href="#2.1.15">2.1.15 /CPA - Î÷èñòêà post-îáëàñòè äàííûõ.</a>
<a href="#2.1.16">2.1.16 /W - âûâîä ïðåäóïðåæäåíèé.</a>
<a href="#2.1.17">2.1.17 /NW - Âûáîðî÷íîå îòêëþ÷åíèå òèïîâ ïðåäóïðåæäåíèé.</a>
<a href="#2.1.18">2.1.18 /WSI - êîðîòêàÿ òàáëèöà èìïîðòà.</a>
<a href="#2.2">2.2 Äèðåêòèâû òðàíñëÿòîðà.</a>
<a href="#2.2.1">2.2.1 ?ifdef/?ifndef</a>
<a href="#2.2.2">2.2.2 ?initallvar</a>
<a href="#2.2.3">2.2.3 ?usestartup</a>
<a href="#2.2.4">2.2.4 ?startusevar</a>
<a href="#2.2.5">2.2.5 ?atexit</a>
<a href="#2.2.6">2.2.6 ?startuptomain</a>
<a href="#2.2.7">2.2.7 ?undef</a>
<a href="#2.2.8">2.2.8 ?align è ?aligncode</a>
<a href="#2.2.9">2.2.9 ?pragma</a>
<A name=contents3>
<A href="#3.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">3. Êîíñòàíòû.
<a href="#3.1">3. Êîíñòàíòû.
3.1 ×èñëîâûå êîíñòàíòû.</a>
<A href="#3.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">3.2 Ñèìâîëüíûå êîíñòàíòû.</a>
<A href="#3.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">3.3 Ñòðîêîâûå êîíñòàíòû.</a>
<A href="#3.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">3.4 Ïîñòîÿííûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a>
<a href="#3.2">3.2 Ñèìâîëüíûå êîíñòàíòû.</a>
<a href="#3.3">3.3 Ñòðîêîâûå êîíñòàíòû.</a>
<a href="#3.4">3.4 Ïîñòîÿííûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a>
<A name=contents4>
<A href="#4.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4. Âûðàæåíèÿ.
<a href="#4.1">4. Âûðàæåíèÿ.
4.1 Òèïû âûðàæåíèé.</a>
<A href="#4.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4.2 Âûðàæåíèÿ òèïà EAX/AX/AL.</a>
<A href="#4.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4.3 Âûðàæåíèÿ èñïîëüçóþùèå ïîëó÷àòåëü ïðè âû÷èñëåíèè âûðàæåíèÿ.</a>
<A href="#4.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4.4 Íå - EAX/AX/AL âûðàæåíèÿ.</a>
<A href="#4.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4.5 Óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a>
<A href="#4.5.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4.5.1 Ïðîñòûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a>
<A href="#4.5.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4.5.2 Ñëîæíûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a>
<A href="#4.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4.6 Èçìåíåíèå òèïà âûðàæåíèÿ ïðè ïðèñâàèâàíèè.</a>
<A href="#4.7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4.7 Âû÷èñëåíèå â ðåãèñòðû EAX/AX/AL ñî çíàêîì.</a>
<a href="#4.2">4.2 Âûðàæåíèÿ òèïà EAX/AX/AL.</a>
<a href="#4.3">4.3 Âûðàæåíèÿ èñïîëüçóþùèå ïîëó÷àòåëü ïðè âû÷èñëåíèè âûðàæåíèÿ.</a>
<a href="#4.4">4.4 Íå - EAX/AX/AL âûðàæåíèÿ.</a>
<a href="#4.5">4.5 Óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a>
<a href="#4.5.1">4.5.1 Ïðîñòûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a>
<a href="#4.5.2">4.5.2 Ñëîæíûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a>
<a href="#4.6">4.6 Èçìåíåíèå òèïà âûðàæåíèÿ ïðè ïðèñâàèâàíèè.</a>
<a href="#4.7">4.7 Âû÷èñëåíèå â ðåãèñòðû EAX/AX/AL ñî çíàêîì.</a>
<A name=contents5>
<A href="#5.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">5. Èäåíòèôèêàòîðû.
<a href="#5.1">5. Èäåíòèôèêàòîðû.
5.1 Ôîðìàò èäåíòèôèêàòîðà.</a>
<A href="#5.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">5.2 Çàðåçåðâèðîâàííûå èäåíòèôèêàòîðû.</a>
<A href="#5.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">5.3 Óíèâåðñàëüíûå ðåãèñòðû äëÿ 16 è 32-áèòíîãî ðåæèìà.</a>
<A href="#5.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">5.4 Ïðåäîïðåäåëåííûå èäåíòèôèêàòîðû.</a>
<a href="#5.2">5.2 Çàðåçåðâèðîâàííûå èäåíòèôèêàòîðû.</a>
<a href="#5.3">5.3 Óíèâåðñàëüíûå ðåãèñòðû äëÿ 16 è 32-áèòíîãî ðåæèìà.</a>
<a href="#5.4">5.4 Ïðåäîïðåäåëåííûå èäåíòèôèêàòîðû.</a>
<A name=contents6>
<A href="#6.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6. Ïåðåìåííûå.
<a href="#6.1">6. Ïåðåìåííûå.
6.1 Òèïû ïåðåìåííûõ.</a>
<A href="#6.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.2 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïåðåìåííûõ.</a>
<A href="#6.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.3 Ãëîáàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå.</a>
<A href="#6.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.4 Ëîêàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå.</a>
<A href="#6.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.5 Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïåðåìåííûå è ñòðóêòóðû.</a>
<A href="#6.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.6 Ïðèñâàèâàíèå îäíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ íåñêîëüêèì ïåðåìåííûì.</a>
<A href="#6.7.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.7 Ïåðåìåííûå òèïà float.
<a href="#6.2">6.2 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïåðåìåííûõ.</a>
<a href="#6.3">6.3 Ãëîáàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå.</a>
<a href="#6.4">6.4 Ëîêàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå.</a>
<a href="#6.5">6.5 Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïåðåìåííûå è ñòðóêòóðû.</a>
<a href="#6.6">6.6 Ïðèñâàèâàíèå îäíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ íåñêîëüêèì ïåðåìåííûì.</a>
<a href="#6.7.1">6.7 Ïåðåìåííûå òèïà float.
6.7.1 Ôîðìàò ïåðåìåííûõ òèïà float.</a>
<A href="#6.7.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.7.2 Êîíñòàíòû ñ ïëàâàþùåé òî÷êîé.</a>
<A href="#6.7.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.7.3 Äèàïàçîí äîïóñòèìûõ çíà÷åíèé.</a>
<A href="#6.7.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.7.4 Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå îïåðàöèè.</a>
<A href="#6.7.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.7.5 Ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ òèïîâ.</a>
<A href="#6.7.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.7.6 Îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ.</a>
<A href="#6.7.7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.7.7 Ñðàâíåíèå ïåðåìåííûõ òèïà float ñ 32-áèòíûì ðåãèñòðîì.</a>
<A href="#6.8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.8 Óêàçàòåëè.</a>
<a href="#6.7.2">6.7.2 Êîíñòàíòû ñ ïëàâàþùåé òî÷êîé.</a>
<a href="#6.7.3">6.7.3 Äèàïàçîí äîïóñòèìûõ çíà÷åíèé.</a>
<a href="#6.7.4">6.7.4 Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå îïåðàöèè.</a>
<a href="#6.7.5">6.7.5 Ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ òèïîâ.</a>
<a href="#6.7.6">6.7.6 Îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ.</a>
<a href="#6.7.7">6.7.7 Ñðàâíåíèå ïåðåìåííûõ òèïà float ñ 32-áèòíûì ðåãèñòðîì.</a>
<a href="#6.8">6.8 Óêàçàòåëè.</a>
<A name=contents7>
<A href="#7.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">7. Àäðåñàöèÿ.
<a href="#7.1">7. Àäðåñàöèÿ.
7.1 Îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ àäðåñàöèÿ.</a>
<A href="#7.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">7.2 Àáñîëþòíàÿ àäðåñàöèÿ.</a>
<a href="#7.2">7.2 Àáñîëþòíàÿ àäðåñàöèÿ.</a>
<A name=contents8>
<A href="#8.1.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8. Ðàáîòà ñ áëîêàìè äàííûõ.
<a href="#8.1.1">8. Ðàáîòà ñ áëîêàìè äàííûõ.
8.1 Ñòðóêòóðû.
8.1.1 ×òî òàêîå ñòðóêòóðû.</a>
<A href="#8.1.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.1.2 Ñèíòàêñèñ.</a>
<A href="#8.1.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.1.3 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ ñòðóêòóð ïðè îáúÿâëåíèè.</a>
<A href="#8.1.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.1.4 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ ñòðóêòóðû ïðè âûïîëíåíèè ïðîãðàììû.</a>
<A href="#8.1.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.1.5 Îïåðàöèè ñ ýëåìåíòàìè ñòðóêòóð.</a>
<A href="#8.1.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.1.6 Âëîæåííûå ñòðóêòóðû.</a>
<A href="#8.1.7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.1.7 Îòîáðàæåíèå òåãà ñòðóêòóðû íà áëîê ïàìÿòè.</a>
<A href="#8.1.8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.1.8 Áèòîâûå ïîëÿ ñòðóêòóð.</a>
<A href="#8.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.2 Îáúåäèíåíèÿ.</a>
<A href="#8.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.3 Êîìàíäû FROM è EXTRACT.</a>
<a href="#8.1.2">8.1.2 Ñèíòàêñèñ.</a>
<a href="#8.1.3">8.1.3 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ ñòðóêòóð ïðè îáúÿâëåíèè.</a>
<a href="#8.1.4">8.1.4 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ ñòðóêòóðû ïðè âûïîëíåíèè ïðîãðàììû.</a>
<a href="#8.1.5">8.1.5 Îïåðàöèè ñ ýëåìåíòàìè ñòðóêòóð.</a>
<a href="#8.1.6">8.1.6 Âëîæåííûå ñòðóêòóðû.</a>
<a href="#8.1.7">8.1.7 Îòîáðàæåíèå òåãà ñòðóêòóðû íà áëîê ïàìÿòè.</a>
<a href="#8.1.8">8.1.8 Áèòîâûå ïîëÿ ñòðóêòóð.</a>
<a href="#8.2">8.2 Îáúåäèíåíèÿ.</a>
<a href="#8.3">8.3 Êîìàíäû FROM è EXTRACT.</a>
<A name=contents9>
<A href="#9.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9. Îïåðàòîðû.
<a href="#9.1">9. Îïåðàòîðû.
9.1 Óñëîâíûå èíñòðóêöèè.</a>
<A href="#9.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.2 Öèêëû do{} while.</a>
<A href="#9.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.3 Öèêëû loop, LOOPNZ, loopnz.</a>
<A href="#9.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.4 Öèêë while, WHILE.</a>
<A href="#9.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.5 Öèêë for, FOR.</a>
<A href="#9.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.6 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåêëþ÷àòåëü switch.</a>
<A href="#9.7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.7 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåõîäà goto, GOTO.</a>
<A href="#9.8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.8 Îïåðàòîð ðàçðûâà break, BREAK.</a>
<A href="#9.9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.9 Îïåðàòîð ïðîäîëæåíèÿ continue, CONTINUE.</a>
<A href="#9.10" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.10 Ëîãè÷åñêîå îáúåäèíåíèå óñëîâèé.</a>
<A href="#9.11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.11 Ïåðåõîä ÷åðåç öèêëû.</a>
<A href="#9.12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.12 Èíâåðòèðîâàíèå ôëàãà ïðîâåðêè óñëîâèé.</a>
<A href="#9.13" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.13 Âû÷èñëåíèå âûðàæåíèÿ, à çàòåì ïðîâåðêà óñëîâèÿ.</a>
<A href="#9.14" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.14 Ïðîâåðêà áèòîâ ïðè îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ.</a>
<A href="#9.15" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.15 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåñòàíîâêè.</a>
<A href="#9.16" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.16 Îïåðàòîð îòðèöàíèÿ.</a>
<A href="#9.17" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.17 Îïåðàòîð èíâåðñèè.</a>
<A href="#9.18" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.18 Ñïåöèàëüíûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a>
<A href="#9.19" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.19 Ñèìâîë $ - âñòàâëÿåò òåêóùèé àäðåñ ïðîãðàììû.</a>
<A href="#9.20" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.20 Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî static è îïåðàòîð ::.</a>
<A href="#9.21" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.21 Îïåðàòîð sizeof.</a>
<A href="#9.22" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.22 Ìåòêè ïåðåõîäà.</a>
<a href="#9.2">9.2 Öèêëû do{} while.</a>
<a href="#9.3">9.3 Öèêëû loop, LOOPNZ, loopnz.</a>
<a href="#9.4">9.4 Öèêë while, WHILE.</a>
<a href="#9.5">9.5 Öèêë for, FOR.</a>
<a href="#9.6">9.6 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåêëþ÷àòåëü switch.</a>
<a href="#9.7">9.7 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåõîäà goto, GOTO.</a>
<a href="#9.8">9.8 Îïåðàòîð ðàçðûâà break, BREAK.</a>
<a href="#9.9">9.9 Îïåðàòîð ïðîäîëæåíèÿ continue, CONTINUE.</a>
<a href="#9.10">9.10 Ëîãè÷åñêîå îáúåäèíåíèå óñëîâèé.</a>
<a href="#9.11">9.11 Ïåðåõîä ÷åðåç öèêëû.</a>
<a href="#9.12">9.12 Èíâåðòèðîâàíèå ôëàãà ïðîâåðêè óñëîâèé.</a>
<a href="#9.13">9.13 Âû÷èñëåíèå âûðàæåíèÿ, à çàòåì ïðîâåðêà óñëîâèÿ.</a>
<a href="#9.14">9.14 Ïðîâåðêà áèòîâ ïðè îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ.</a>
<a href="#9.15">9.15 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåñòàíîâêè.</a>
<a href="#9.16">9.16 Îïåðàòîð îòðèöàíèÿ.</a>
<a href="#9.17">9.17 Îïåðàòîð èíâåðñèè.</a>
<a href="#9.18">9.18 Ñïåöèàëüíûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a>
<a href="#9.19">9.19 Ñèìâîë $ - âñòàâëÿåò òåêóùèé àäðåñ ïðîãðàììû.</a>
<a href="#9.20">9.20 Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî static è îïåðàòîð ::.</a>
<a href="#9.21">9.21 Îïåðàòîð sizeof.</a>
<a href="#9.22">9.22 Ìåòêè ïåðåõîäà.</a>
<A name=contents10>
<A href="#10.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">10. Àññåìáëåð.
<a href="#10.1">10. Àññåìáëåð.
10.1 Ïîääåðæêà êîìàíä àññåìáëåðà.</a>
<A href="#10.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">10.2 Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî asm.</a>
<A href="#10.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">10.3 Ïðåôèêñ dup - ïîâòîðåíèå èíñòðóêöèé DB/DW/DD.</a>
<A href="#10.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">10.4 Èíñòðóêöèè ïðîöåññîðà Pentium III.</a>
<a href="#10.2">10.2 Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî asm.</a>
<a href="#10.3">10.3 Ïðåôèêñ dup - ïîâòîðåíèå èíñòðóêöèé DB/DW/DD.</a>
<a href="#10.4">10.4 Èíñòðóêöèè ïðîöåññîðà Pentium III.</a>
<A name=contents11>
<A href="#11.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11. Ïðîöåäóðû.
<a href="#11.1">11. Ïðîöåäóðû.
11.1 Òèïû ïðîöåäóð, ôóíêöèé è ìàêðîêîìàíä.</a>
<A href="#11.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.2 Ñòåêîâûå ïðîöåäóðû.</a>
<A href="#11.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.3 Ðåãèñòðîâûå ïðîöåäóðû.</a>
<A href="#11.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.4 Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåäóðû.</a>
<A href="#11.4.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.4.1 Óñòàíîâêà äèíàìè÷åñêîé ïðîöåäóðû â îïðåäåëåííîå ìåñòî ïðîãðàììû.</a>
<A href="#11.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.5 inline-ïðîöåäóðû.</a>
<A href="#11.5.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.5.1 Äðóãîå ïðèìåíåíèå inline.</a>
<A href="#11.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.6 Ïðîöåäóðû îáðàáîòêè ïðåðûâàíèé.</a>
<A href="#11.7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.7 Çàìåíà return íà goto.</a>
<A href="#11.8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.8 Âîçâðàùàåìûå çíà÷åíèÿ.</a>
<A href="#11.9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.9 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ â ðåãèñòðîâûõ ïðîöåäóðàõ.</a>
<A href="#11.10" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.10 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ â ñòåêîâûõ ïðîöåäóðàõ.</a>
<A href="#11.11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.11 Èñïîëüçîâàíèå ìàêðîêîìàíä.</a>
<A href="#11.12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.12 Ïåðåäà÷à ïàðàìåòðîâ â ñòåêîâûå ïðîöåäóðû ÷åðåç ðåãèñòðû.</a>
<A href="#11.13" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.13 Âûçîâ ïðîöåäóð ñ àäðåñîì â ðåãèñòðå.</a>
<A href="#11.14" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.14 Âñòîåííûå â êîìïèëÿòîð ïðîöåäóðû.</a>
<A href="#11.14.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.14.1 Ïðîöåäóðû ABORT, ATEXIT è EXIT.</a>
<A href="#11.14.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.14.2 Ïðîöåäóðû inp/inportb, inport, inportd, outp/outportb, outport è
<a href="#11.2">11.2 Ñòåêîâûå ïðîöåäóðû.</a>
<a href="#11.3">11.3 Ðåãèñòðîâûå ïðîöåäóðû.</a>
<a href="#11.4">11.4 Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåäóðû.</a>
<a href="#11.4.1">11.4.1 Óñòàíîâêà äèíàìè÷åñêîé ïðîöåäóðû â îïðåäåëåííîå ìåñòî ïðîãðàììû.</a>
<a href="#11.5">11.5 inline-ïðîöåäóðû.</a>
<a href="#11.5.1">11.5.1 Äðóãîå ïðèìåíåíèå inline.</a>
<a href="#11.6">11.6 Ïðîöåäóðû îáðàáîòêè ïðåðûâàíèé.</a>
<a href="#11.7">11.7 Çàìåíà return íà goto.</a>
<a href="#11.8">11.8 Âîçâðàùàåìûå çíà÷åíèÿ.</a>
<a href="#11.9">11.9 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ â ðåãèñòðîâûõ ïðîöåäóðàõ.</a>
<a href="#11.10">11.10 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ â ñòåêîâûõ ïðîöåäóðàõ.</a>
<a href="#11.11">11.11 Èñïîëüçîâàíèå ìàêðîêîìàíä.</a>
<a href="#11.12">11.12 Ïåðåäà÷à ïàðàìåòðîâ â ñòåêîâûå ïðîöåäóðû ÷åðåç ðåãèñòðû.</a>
<a href="#11.13">11.13 Âûçîâ ïðîöåäóð ñ àäðåñîì â ðåãèñòðå.</a>
<a href="#11.14">11.14 Âñòîåííûå â êîìïèëÿòîð ïðîöåäóðû.</a>
<a href="#11.14.1">11.14.1 Ïðîöåäóðû ABORT, ATEXIT è EXIT.</a>
<a href="#11.14.2">11.14.2 Ïðîöåäóðû inp/inportb, inport, inportd, outp/outportb, outport è
outportd.</a>
<A href="#11.14.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.14.3 Ïðîöåäóðû äëÿ ðàáîòû ñ âåùåñòâåííûìè ÷èñëàìè.</a>
<A href="#11.15.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.15 Êëàññû.
<a href="#11.14.3">11.14.3 Ïðîöåäóðû äëÿ ðàáîòû ñ âåùåñòâåííûìè ÷èñëàìè.</a>
<a href="#11.15.1">11.15 Êëàññû.
11.15.1 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïðîöåäóð â ñòðóêòóðàõ.</a>
<A href="#11.15.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.15.2 Íàñëåäîâàíèå.</a>
<A href="#11.15.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.15.3 Íàñëåäîâàíèå ïðîöåäóð.</a>
<a href="#11.15.2">11.15.2 Íàñëåäîâàíèå.</a>
<a href="#11.15.3">11.15.3 Íàñëåäîâàíèå ïðîöåäóð.</a>
<A name=contents12>
<A href="#12.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12. Òèïû âûõîäíûõ ôàéëîâ.
<a href="#12.1">12. Òèïû âûõîäíûõ ôàéëîâ.
12.1 Âûõîäíûå ôàéëû òèïà COM.</a>
<A href="#12.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.2 Âûõîäíûå ôàéëû òèïà EXE.</a>
<A href="#12.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.3 Âûõîäíîé ôàéë *.EXE ñ ìîäåëüþ ïàìÿòè tiny.</a>
<A href="#12.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.4 Îáúåêòíûé âûõîäíîé ôàéë OBJ.</a>
<A href="#12.5.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.5 COM ôàéë symbiosis.
<a href="#12.2">12.2 Âûõîäíûå ôàéëû òèïà EXE.</a>
<a href="#12.3">12.3 Âûõîäíîé ôàéë *.EXE ñ ìîäåëüþ ïàìÿòè tiny.</a>
<a href="#12.4">12.4 Îáúåêòíûé âûõîäíîé ôàéë OBJ.</a>
<a href="#12.5.1">12.5 COM ôàéë symbiosis.
12.5.1 ÑÈÌÁÈÎÇ - ÷òî ýòî òàêîå?</a>
<A href="#12.5.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.5.2 Êàê ýòî äåëàòü.</a>
<A href="#12.5.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.5.3 Èñïîëüçîâàíèå.</a>
<A href="#12.5.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.5.4 Çëîóïîòðåáëåíèÿ.</a>
<A href="#12.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.6 SYS - äðàéâåðû óñòðîéñòâ.</a>
<A href="#12.7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.7 Êîìïèëÿöèÿ êîäà ðàñøèðèòåëåé ROM-BIOS.</a>
<A href="#12.8.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.8 32-áèòíûå ôàéëû.
<a href="#12.5.2">12.5.2 Êàê ýòî äåëàòü.</a>
<a href="#12.5.3">12.5.3 Èñïîëüçîâàíèå.</a>
<a href="#12.5.4">12.5.4 Çëîóïîòðåáëåíèÿ.</a>
<a href="#12.6">12.6 SYS - äðàéâåðû óñòðîéñòâ.</a>
<a href="#12.7">12.7 Êîìïèëÿöèÿ êîäà ðàñøèðèòåëåé ROM-BIOS.</a>
<a href="#12.8.1">12.8 32-áèòíûå ôàéëû.
12.8.1 32-áèòíûé êîä ïîä DOS.</a>
<A href="#12.8.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.8.2 32-áèòíûé êîä ïîä Windows.</a>
<A href="#12.8.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.8.3 Âûçîâ API ïðîöåäóð ïî îðäèíàëàì.</a>
<A href="#12.8.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.8.4 Ñîçäàíèå DLL ïîä Windows.</a>
<A href="#12.8.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.8.5 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ DLL ïðè çàãðóçêå.</a>
<A href="#12.8.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.8.6 Êîìïèëÿöèÿ ðåñóðñîâ.</a>
<A href="#12.9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.9 Âûõîäíûå ôàéëû äëÿ MeOS.</a>
<a href="#12.8.2">12.8.2 32-áèòíûé êîä ïîä Windows.</a>
<a href="#12.8.3">12.8.3 Âûçîâ API ïðîöåäóð ïî îðäèíàëàì.</a>
<a href="#12.8.4">12.8.4 Ñîçäàíèå DLL ïîä Windows.</a>
<a href="#12.8.5">12.8.5 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ DLL ïðè çàãðóçêå.</a>
<a href="#12.8.6">12.8.6 Êîìïèëÿöèÿ ðåñóðñîâ.</a>
<a href="#12.9">12.9 Âûõîäíûå ôàéëû äëÿ MeOS.</a>
<A name=contents13>
<A href="#13.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">13. Ïðèëîæåíèÿ.
<a href="#13.1">13. Ïðèëîæåíèÿ.
13.1 Ïîèñê âêëþ÷àåìûõ ôàéëîâ.</a>
<A href="#13.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">13.2 Ðåãèñòðû, êîòîðûå äîëæíû áûòü ñîõðàíåíû.</a>
<A href="#13.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">13.3 C--.ini ôàéë.</a>
<A href="#13.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">13.4 startup.h-- ôàéë.</a>
<A href="#13.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">13.5 mainlib.ldp ôàéë.</a>
<A href="#13.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">13.6 C-- ñèìâîëû.</a>
</FONT></B>
<a href="#13.2">13.2 Ðåãèñòðû, êîòîðûå äîëæíû áûòü ñîõðàíåíû.</a>
<a href="#13.3">13.3 C--.ini ôàéë.</a>
<a href="#13.4">13.4 startup.h-- ôàéë.</a>
<a href="#13.5">13.5 mainlib.ldp ôàéë.</a>
<a href="#13.6">13.6 C-- ñèìâîëû.</a>
</div>
<B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=intro>1. Âñòóïëåíèå.
<h2 id=intro>1. Âñòóïëåíèå.
1.1 Èñòîðèÿ ñîçäàíèÿ è ðàçâèòèÿ.
</A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier">
</h2>
Àâòîðîì ÿçûêà SPHINX C-- ÿâëÿåòñÿ Peter Cellik (CANADA). Ïîñëåäíÿÿ
àâòîðñêàÿ âåðñèÿ SPHINX C-- v0.203 îò 28.Oct.96. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ àâòîð
251,12 → 250,12
ïðåäëîæåíèå áóäåò öåííûì (íà ìîé âçãëÿä, òàê ÷òî Âàì ïðèäåòñÿ ñâîå
ïðåäëîæåíèå õîðîøî àðãóìåíòèðîâàòü) è åãî áóäåò âîçìîæíûì ðåàëèçîâàòü, îíî
áåç ñîìíåíèÿ íàéäåò ìåñòî â êîìïèëÿòîðå.
<A href="#contents" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A>
<a href="#contents"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A>
<B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=1.2>
<h2 id=1.2>
1.2 ×òî òàêîå C--?
</A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier">
</h2>
C-- áûë ðàçðàáîòàí, äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû ñòðîèòü ìàëåíüêèå è áûñòðûå
ïðîãðàììû. Ýòî íàèáîëåå ïîäõîäèò äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ ðåçèäåíòíûõ ïðîãðàìì (TSR),
280,12 → 279,12
C-- ðàçðàáîòàí òîëüêî äëÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ íà êîìïüþòåðàõ ñ ïðîöåññîðàìè
ñîâìåñòèìûìè ñ ñåìåéñòâîì 80x86. Êîìïèëÿòîð ìîæåò ðàáîòàòü òîëüêî ñ
îïåðàöèîííûìè ñèñòåìàìè DOS è ñåìåéñòâîì Windows.
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<a href="#contents"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A>
<B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=1.3>
<h2 id=1.3>
1.3 Êàê óñòàíîâèòü C--.
</A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier">
</h2>
Êîìïèëÿòîðó C-- äëÿ ðàáîòû íóæíû ñîâñåì íåçíà÷èòåëüíûå ðåñóðñû:
ïðîöåññîð 386 èëè ëó÷øå, ÷óòü áîëåå 1 Ìá äèñêîâîãî ïðîñòðàíñòâà è 4Ìá
320,14 → 319,14
êîìïèëÿòîðà íåò. Ñóùåñòâóåò íåñêîëüêî äðóãèõ ñïîñîáîâ, óêàçàòü êîìïèëÿòîðó
ìåñòî ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ áèáëèîòåê. Ïîýòîìó îïðåäåëÿòü èëè íå îïðåäåëÿòü
ïåðåìåííóþ îêðóæåíèÿ äåëî âàøåãî âêóñà è ïðèâû÷åê.
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2. Óïðàâëåíèå êîìïèëÿöèåé.
2.1 Ïàðàìåòðû êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè êîìïèëÿòîðà C--.
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Ôîðìàò êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè âûçîâà êîìïèëÿòîðà C--:
498,12 → 497,12
Ïàðàìåòðû êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè ìîæíî ïèñàòü êàê áîëüøèìè, òàê è
ìàëåíüêèìè áóêâàìè.
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2.1.1 /ON - Îïòèìèçàöèÿ ÷èñëîâûõ âûðàæåíèé.
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Ïðè âêëþ÷åíèè â êîìàíäíóþ ñòðîêó îïöèè <b>/ON</b> èëè â ôàéë C--.INI ñòðî÷êè
<b>ON</b>, êîìïèëÿòîð áóäåò àíàëèçèðîâàòü îïåðàöèè íàä ÷èñëàìè è ãäå ýòî
543,12 → 542,12
AX = AX / 16;
AX = AX * 16;
var = AX;
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2.1.2 /DE - Âðåìåííîå ðàñøèðåíèå ðàçðÿäíîñòè ïåðåìåííîé.
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Êàê èçâåñòíî, ïîñëå óìíîæåíèÿ ìîæåò ïðîèçîéòè ïåðåïîëíåíèå, ò.å
ðàçðÿäíîñòü ðåçóëüòàòà ìîæåò ïðåâûñèòü ðàçðÿäíîñòü èñõîäíûõ îïåðàíäîâ è
572,12 → 571,12
åñëè çíà÷åíèÿ ïåðåìåííûõ b = 0xC000, c = 0x1000, d=0x10, ïîñëå çàïóñêà
òàêàÿ ïðîãðàììà çàâèñíåò ñ ñîîáùåíèåì î òîì, ÷òî ïðîèçîøëî ïåðåïîëíåíèå
ïðè äåëåíèè.
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2.1.3 /ARGC - Àëüòåðíàòèâíûé îáðàáîò÷èê êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè.
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Îòëè÷èå ýòîãî îáðàáîò÷èêà êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè îò <b>parsecommandline</b>
çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â òîì, ÷òî ïðè âûçîâå <b>PARAMSTR(0)</b>; Âû ïîëó÷èòå àäðåñ ñòðîêè â
589,12 → 588,12
Àëüòåðíàòèâíûé îáðàáîò÷èê êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè âêëþ÷àåòñÿ äèðåêòèâîé
<b>?argc TRUE</b> èëè èç êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè êîìïèëÿòîðà êëþ÷îì <b>/argc</b> èëè
ñòðî÷êîé <b>argc</b> â ôàéëå C--.INI.
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2.1.4 /OST - ñëèÿíèå îäèíàêîâûõ ñòðîêîâûõ êîíñòàíò.
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Åñëè ýòîò ðåæèì îïòèìèçàöèè áóäåò àêòèâèçèðîâàí, òî êîìïèëÿòîð áóäåò
çàïîìèíàòü âñå ñòðîêîâûå êîíñòàíòû è ïðè îáíàðóæåíèè îäèíàêîâûõ â êîä
621,12 → 620,12
Âêëþ÷àåòñÿ ýòîò ðåæèì îïòèìèçàöèè ëèáî ñ êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè <b>/ost</b>, ëèáî
äèðåêòèâîé <b>#pragma option ost</b>, ëèáî ñòðîêîé â ôàéëå c--.ini - <b>ost</b>.
Îòêëþ÷èòü, âêëþ÷åííûé ðàíåå, ýòîò ðåæèì ìîæíî äèðåêòèâîé <b>#pragma option ost-</b>.
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2.1.5 /D - óñòàíîâêà èäåíòèôèêàòîðà â TRUE èç êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè.
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</h2>
Åñëè Âû íàïèñàëè ïðîãðàììó, êîòîðàÿ ìîæåò êîìïèëèðîâàòüñÿ ïî ðàçíîìó,
â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ñîñòîÿíèÿ íåêîòîðûõ èäåíòèôèêàòîðîâ (èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ðåæèì
636,12 → 635,12
ïðîãðàììû.
Èäåíòèôèêàòîð ââîäèòñÿ ñ êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè êëþ÷îì <b>/d=idname</b>.
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2.1.6 /IA - óïðîùåííûé ââîä àññåìáëåðíûõ èíñòðóêöèé.
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</h2>
Ñòàëî âîçìîæíûì èñïîëüçîâàòü àññåìáëåðíûå èíñòðóêöèè áåç ïðåôèêñà <b>$</b>
è âíå áëîêà <b>asm</b>. Ýòîò ðåæèì âêëþ÷àåòñÿ: ñ êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè îïöèåé <b>/ia</b>;
652,12 → 651,12
êà÷åñòâå èìåí ïåðåìåííûõ èëè ïðîöåäóð. Àññåìáëåðíûå èíñòðóêöèè êîìïèëÿòîð
ðàñïîçíàåò íåçàâèñèìî îò òîãî, íàïèñàíû îíè ìàëåíüêèìè èëè áîëüøèìè
áóêâàìè.
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2.1.7 /CRI - ïðîïóñê ïîâòîðíî âêëþ÷àåìîãî ôàéëà.
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×àùå âñåãî, ïîâòîðíî âêëþ÷àòü ôàéë â êîìïèëèðóåìûé ïðîåêò, íåò
íåîáõîäèìîñòè, íî ýòî èíîãäà ïðîèñõîäèò èç-çà òîãî, ÷òî íåêîòîðûå
671,12 → 670,12
<b>/cri-</b>, êîòîðàÿ çàïðåùàåò êîìïèëÿòîðó äåëàòü ïðîâåðêó íà ïîâòîðíîå
âêëþ÷åíèå. Ñîîòâåòñòâåííî, äëÿ c--.ini ôàéëà, ýòî ìîæíî ñäåëàòü ñòðîêîé
<b>cri-</b> èëè äèðåêòèâîé â êîìïèëèðóåìîì ôàéëå - <b>#pragma option cri-</b>.
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2.1.8 /IND - èìïîðò èìåí ïðîöåäóð èç DLL.
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Åñëè Âû õîòèòå â ñâîåé ïðîãðàììå èñïîëüçîâàòü DLL, äëÿ êîòîðîé íåò
çàãîëîâî÷íîãî ôàéëà ñ îïèñàíèåì ïðîöåäóð, òî êîìïèëÿòîð ìîæåò
692,12 → 691,12
êîíòðîëèðîâàòü ÷èñëî ïàðàìåòðîâ ïåðåäàâàåìûõ ïðîöåäóðå. È, ê ñîæàëåíèþ,
êîìïèëÿòîð óìååò èìïîðòèðîâàòü èìåíà èç áèáëèîòåê èìåþùèõ òîëüêî ôîðìàò
PE-ôàéëà.
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2.1.9 /WS - çàäàòü èìÿ stub ôàéëà äëÿ ïðîãðàìì ïîä windows.
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</h2>
Êàê èçâåñòíî, â ïðîãðàììàõ ïîä windows åñòü DOS çàãëóøêà, íàçûâàåìàÿ
stub, êîòîðîé ïåðåäàåòñÿ óïðàâëåíèå ïðè çàïóñêå òàêîé ïðîãðàììû â ÷èñòîì
711,12 → 710,12
Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ó Âàñ ïîÿâèëàñü âîçìîæíîñòü ñîçäàâàòü ïðîãðàììû,
ðàáîòàþùèå è ïîä DOS è ïîä windows.
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2.1.10 /WBSS - ðàçìåñòèòü íå èíèöèàëèçèðîâàííûå äàííûå â îòäåëüíîé ñåêöèè.
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Ñåêöèÿ <b>.bss</b> ñîçäàåòñÿ àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè ïðîãðàìì ñ êëþ÷îì
<b>/w32</b>. Åñëè Âû õîòèòå èìåòü ýòó ñåêöèþ è ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè ïðîãðàìì ñ
728,12 → 727,12
ôàéëà. Òåîðåòè÷åñêè, äëÿ ïðîöåññîðîâ, ó êîòîðûõ åñòü îòäåëüíûé êýø äëÿ
äàííûõ, èñïîëüçîâàíèå ñåêöèè <b>.bss</b>, äîëæíî ïîâûøàòü ñêîðîñòü ðàáîòû
ïðîãðàììû.
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2.1.11 /DBG - ñîçäàíèå îòëàäî÷íîé èíôîðìàöèè.
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Åñëè ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè ïðîãðàììû â êîìàíäíóþ ñòðîêó äîáàâèòü êëþ÷ <b>/dbg</b>,
èëè â ôàéë êîíôèãóðàöèè c--.ini äîáàâèòü ñòðîêó <b>dbg</b>, òî êîìïèëÿòîð ïîñëå
757,12 → 756,12
äåëàòü. Åñëè Âû çíàåòå, êàê ñîçäàâàòü 32-áèòíûå ïðîãðàììû ñ
DOS-ðàñøèðèòåëåì êîìïèëÿòîðàìè ôèðìû Borland ñ âêëþ÷åíèåì â íèõ îòëàäî÷íîé
èíôîðìàöèè, òî ðàññêàæèòå ìíå. À ÿ ïîïðîáóþ ïðèìåíèòü ýòî äëÿ C--.
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2.1.12 /J0 /J1 /J2
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Ñèíîíèìîì êëþ÷åé <b>/J0 /J1 /J2</b> ÿâëÿåòñÿ äèðåêòèâà <b>#jumptomain</b> ñ
ïàðàìåòðàìè <b>NONE, SHORT è NEAR</b> ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.
811,12 → 810,12
{
...
}
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<h2 id=2.1.13>
2.1.13 /LST - Ñîçäàíèå àññåìáëåðíîãî ëèñòèíãà.
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Ñ ïîìîùüþ äîïîëíèòåëüíîé îïöèè êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè <b>-lst</b> Âû ìîæåòå
ïîëó÷èòü âìåñòå ñ èñïîëíèòåëüíûì ôàéëîì è åãî àññåìáëåðíûé ëèñòèíã.
825,12 → 824,12
Àññåìáëåðíûé ëèñòèíã ñîçäàåòñÿ íåçàâèñèìîé îò êîìïèëÿòîðà ÷àñòüþ êîäà
ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì èíôîðìàöèè íàêàïëèâàåìîé ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè ïðîãðàììû.
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2.1.14 /ENV - Ñîõðàíåíèå àäðåñà ïåðåìåííûõ îêðóæåíèÿ.
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Åñëè ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè ïðîãðàììû Âû â êîìàíäíóþ ñòðîêó äîáàâèòå îïöèþ
<b>-ENV</b> èëè â ôàéë c--.ini ñòðîêà <b>ENV</b>, òî êîìïèëÿòîð äîáàâèò â âàøó
838,12 → 837,12
àäðåñ ïåðåìåííûõ îêðóæåíèÿ çàïóñêàåìîé ïðîãðàììû. Äëÿ ïðîãðàìì ïîä
Windows ýòî áóäåò ïîëíûé àäðåñ, à äëÿ îñòàëüíûõ â ýòîé ïåðåìåííîé áóäåò
ñîõðàíÿòüñÿ òîëüêî àäðåñ ñåãìåíòà.
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2.1.15 /CPA - Î÷èñòêà post-îáëàñòè äàííûõ.
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</h2>
Ïåðåìåííûå, êîòîðûì â òåëå ïðîãðàììû íå áûëî ïðèñâîåíî íèêàêîå
çíà÷åíèå, íå âêëþ÷àþòñÿ â òåëî ñêîìïèëèðîâàííîé ïðîãðàììû. Äëÿ íèõ
853,12 → 852,12
Åñëè Âàì íåîáõîäèìî, ÷òîáû íåèíèöèàëèçèðîâàííûå ïåðåìåííûå ïðè
çàãðóçêå ïðîãðàììû âñåãäà ñîäåðæàëè îäíî è òîæå çíà÷åíèå (íîëü) -
âêëþ÷èòå â êîìàíäíóþ ñòðîêó îïöèþ <b>-CPA</b>.
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2.1.16 /W - âûâîä ïðåäóïðåæäåíèé.
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</h2>
Ïî óìîë÷àíèþ êîìïèëÿòîð íå âûâîäèò ïðåäóïðåæäåíèÿ è ìíîãèå äàæå íå
ïîäîçðåâàþò î ñóùåñòâîâàíèè òàêîé ïîëåçíîé îïöèè. Â C-- ïðåäóïðåæäåíèÿ
879,12 → 878,12
wf=warning
Âû áóäåòå ïîëó÷àòü â ôàéëå <b>warning</b> ïðåäóïðåæäåíèÿ.
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2.1.17 /NW - Âûáîðî÷íîå îòêëþ÷åíèå òèïîâ ïðåäóïðåæäåíèé.
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Ñåé÷àñ êîìïèëÿòîð ìîæåò âûäàâàòü 12 òèïîâ ïðåäóïðåæäåíèé è, èíîãäà èõ
áûâàåò òàê ìíîãî, ÷òî ñòàíîâèòñÿ òðóäíî â íèõ îðèåíòèðîâàòüñÿ. Òåïåðü
905,12 → 904,12
10 - Return flag was destroyed
11 - Code may not be executable
12 - Don't use local/parametric values in inline procedures
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2.1.18 /WSI - êîðîòêàÿ òàáëèöà èìïîðòà.
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Òàáëèöà èìïîðòà îáû÷íî ñîñòîèò â ñâîþ î÷åðåäü èç ÷åòûðåõ òàáëèö. Äâå
òàáëèöû <b>LookUp Table</b> è <b>Import Address Table</b> àáñîëþòíî îäèíàêîâû.
920,12 → 919,12
òîëüêî <b>Import Address Table</b>). Òåì ñàìûì ó Âàñ ïîëó÷èòñÿ áîëåå êîìïàêòíàÿ
òàáëèöà èìïîðòà, ÷òî ïðèâåäåò, â íåêîòîðûõ ñëó÷àÿõ, ê ñîçäàíèþ áîëåå
êîìïàêòíîãî âûõîäíîãî ôàéëà.
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2.2 Äèðåêòèâû òðàíñëÿòîðà.
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C-- íå ñîäåðæèò ïðåïðîöåññîð. Òåì íå ìåíåå, åñòü íåñêîëüêî ôóíêöèé
î÷åíü ïîõîæèõ íà ôóíêöèè C ïðåïðîöåññîðà.
1129,12 → 1128,12
<b>? usestartup</b> ðàçðåøàåò êîìïèëÿòîðó èñïîëüçîâàòü ÿ÷åéêè
ïàìÿòè, çàíèìàåìûå êîäîì íà÷àëüíîé
èíèöèàëèçàöèè ïðîãðàììû.
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2.2.1 ?ifdef/?ifndef
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Ðàíåå äèðåêòèâà <b>?ifdef</b> ñðàáàòûâàëà íà íàëè÷èå êîíñòàíòû íåçàâèñèìî
îò çíà÷åíèÿ åå âåëè÷èíû, à äèðåêòèâà <b>?ifndef</b> ñðàáàòûâàëà íà îòñóòñòâèå
1159,12 → 1158,12
Ýòà äèðåêòèâà ïîçâîëèò Âàì ïèñàòü îäíó ïðîöåäóðó äëÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ òèïîâ
CPU.
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2.2.2 ?initallvar
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Äèðåêòèâîé <b>?initallvar TRUE</b> âêëþ÷àåòñÿ ðåæèì ïðè êîòîðîì âñåì
íåèíèöèàëèçèðîâàííûì ïåðåìåííûì áóäåò ïðèñâîåíî íóëåâîå çíà÷åíèå è îíè
1174,12 → 1173,12
Ïàðàìåòð FALSE ýòîé äèðåêòèâû îòêëþ÷àåò ýòîò ðåæèì.
Ïî óìîë÷àíèþ ýòà äèðåêòèâà óñòàíîâëåíà â FALSE.
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2.2.3 ?usestartup
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Äèðåêòèâà <b>?usestartup</b> ðàçðåøàåò êîìïèëÿòîðó èñïîëüçîâàòü ÿ÷åéêè êîäà
íà÷àëüíîé èíèöèàëèçàöèè ïðîãðàììû (startup) äëÿ ïîñëåäóþùåãî ðàçìåùåíèÿ â
1188,12 → 1187,12
ðåçèäåíòíûõ.
Ýòó äèðåêòèâó ïðèìåíÿþò òîëüêî äëÿ ãåíåðàöèè *.COM ôàéëîâ.
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2.2.4 ?startusevar
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Äèðåêòèâîé <b>?startusevar</b> ìîæíî óêàçàòü íà÷àëüíûé àäðåñ ñ êîòîðîãî
êîìïèëÿòîð áóäåò ðàñïðåäåëÿòü ïàìÿòü äëÿ íåèíèöèàëèçèðîâàííûõ ïåðåìåííûõ.
1203,12 → 1202,12
ðåçèäåíòíûõ, òàê è äëÿ îáû÷íûõ ïðîãðàìì.
Ýòó äèðåêòèâó ïðèìåíÿþò òîëüêî äëÿ ãåíåðàöèè *.COM ôàéëîâ.
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2.2.5 ?atexit
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Äèðåêòèâà <b>?atexit</b> äîáàâëÿåò â startup ïðîãðàììû êîä ïîääåðæêè
ïðîöåäóðû <b>ATEXIT</b>, ðåçåðâèðóåò ìåñòî äëÿ õðàíåíèÿ 16 àäðåñîâ ïðîöåäóð è
1221,12 → 1220,12
Âñåãî ìîæíî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàòü äî 16 ïðîöåäóð. Ïðîöåäóðû âûçûâàþòñÿ â
ïîðÿäêå îáðàòíîì ïîðÿäêó èõ ðåãèñòðàöèè.
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2.2.6 ?startuptomain
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Ïî ýòîé äèðåêòèâå êîìïèëÿòîð â íà÷àëå ôàéëà äåëàåò <b>jmp</b> íà íà÷àëî
ïðîöåäóðû main(). Ïåðåä íà÷àëîì êîìïèëÿöèè ýòîé ïðîöåäóðû êîìïèëÿòîð
1236,22 → 1235,22
êîìïèëÿöèè ðåçèäåíòíûõ ïðîãðàìì (TSR).
Äèðåêòèâà ?startuptomain ðàáîòàåò òîëüêî ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè com-ôàéëîâ.
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2.2.7 ?undef
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Ýòà äèðåêòèâà óíè÷òîæàåò êîíñòàíòû îáúÿâëåííûå äèðåêòèâîé <b>?define</b>. Åå
ìîæíî ïðèìåíÿòü äëÿ èçìåíåíèÿ â ïðîöåññå êîìïèëÿöèè çíà÷åíèÿ êàêîé-íèáóäü
êîíñòàíòû.
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2.2.8 ?align è ?aligncode
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 C-- ñóùåñòâóåò äèðåêòèâà <b>?align</b>, êîòîðàÿ äåëàåò îäíîêðàòíîå
âûðàâíèâàíèå äàííûõ íà ÷åòíûé àäðåñ. Íî åñëè ê ýòîé äèðåêòèâå äîáàâèòü
1270,12 → 1269,12
äèðåêòèâó ìîæíî ïðèìåíÿòü è âíóòðè èñïîëíÿåìîãî êîäà. Íàïðèìåð, åñëè Âû
õîòèòå ïîëó÷èòü áûñòðûé êîä íà 486 ïðîöåññîðå, òî ðåêîìåíäóåòñÿ äåëàòü
âûðàâíèâàíèå íà÷àëà ïðîöåäóð è öèêëîâ íà àäðåñ êðàòíûé 16.
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2.2.9 ?pragma
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Äèðåêòèâà <b>#pragma</b> ýòî ìíîãîôóíêöèîíàëüíàëüíàÿ äèðåêòèâà, êîòîðàÿ â
ñâîþ î÷åðåäü èìååò ñâîè äèðåêòèâû:
1330,14 → 1329,14
END
#pragma resource end
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3. Êîíñòàíòû.
3.1 ×èñëîâûå êîíñòàíòû.
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Ïðåäñòàâëåíèå ÷èñëîâûõ êîíñòàíò â âèäå äåñÿòè÷íûõ ÷èñåë (÷èñåë ñ
îñíîâàíèåì 10) è øåñòíàäöàòåðè÷íûõ ÷èñåë (îñíîâàíèå ñ÷èñëåíèÿ 16) ïîëíîñòüþ
1382,12 → 1381,12
Ýòè ñóôôèêñû íå çàâèñÿò îò ðåãèñòðà, ò.å. èõ ìîæíî ïèñàòü êàê
ìàëåíüêèìè, òàê è áîëüøèìè áóêâàìè.
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3.2 Ñèìâîëüíûå êîíñòàíòû.
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Îäèíî÷íûå ñèìâîëüíûå êîíñòàíòû, êàê è â <b>C</b>, äîëæíû çàêëþ÷àòüñÿ â
îäèíî÷íûå êàâû÷êè <b>'</b>.
1434,12 → 1433,12
ñèìâîëîâ. Äëÿ ìíîãîáóêâåííûõ ñèìâîëüíûõ êîíñòàíò ïåðâûé ñèìâîë
ñîîòâåòñòâóåò ñòàðøèì ðàçðÿäàì, òàêèì îáðàçîì, çíà÷åíèå äëÿ <b>ab</b> áóäåò
çàêîäèðîâàíî êàê <b>a*256+b</b>.
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3.3 Ñòðîêîâûå êîíñòàíòû.
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Ñòðîêîâûå êîíñòàíòû, êàê è â C, çàêëþ÷àþòñÿ â äâîéíûå êàâû÷êè (").
Ñïåöèàëüíûå ñèìâîëû âíóòðè ñòðîê îáîçíà÷àþòñÿ òàê æå, êàê è â ñèìâîëüíûõ
1451,12 → 1450,12
 íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ íàèáîëüøàÿ äëèíà ñòðîêîâîé êîíñòàíòû - 2048 ñèìâîëîâ,
âêëþ÷àÿ ñèìâîë-îãðàíè÷èòåëü 0, òàêèì îáðàçîì, ìàêñèìóì 2047 çíà÷àùèõ
ñèìâîëîâ.
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3.4 Ïîñòîÿííûå âûðàæåíèÿ.
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Ïîñòîÿííîå âûðàæåíèå - îäèíî÷íàÿ ÷èñëîâàÿ êîíñòàíòà èëè íåñêîëüêî
÷èñëîâûõ êîíñòàíò, ñâÿçàííûõ ìåæäó ñîáîé îïåðàòîðàìè. ×èñëîâîå çíà÷åíèå
1474,25 → 1473,25
1 * 2 * 3 / 2 + 4 // ðàâíÿåòñÿ 7
Ïðèìåðû ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì âåùåñòâåííûõ ÷èñåë:
3.23*1.53+2.0E2 // ðàâíÿåòñÿ 204.9419
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4. Âûðàæåíèÿ.
4.1 Òèïû âûðàæåíèé.
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Èìåþòñÿ òðè òèïà âûðàæåíèé â C--, íå ñ÷èòàÿ ïîñòîÿííûõ âûðàæåíèé. Ýòî
âûðàæåíèÿ òèïà <b>EAX/AX/AL</b>, âûðàæåíèÿ òèïà <b>íåEAX/AX/AL</b> è óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.
Âñå C-- âûðàæåíèÿ âû÷èñëÿþòñÿ ñëåâà íàïðàâî, íåçàâèñèìî îò ñòàðøèíñòâà
âõîäÿùèõ â âûðàæåíèå ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ îïåðàöèé.
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4.2 Âûðàæåíèÿ òèïà EAX/AX/AL.
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Ýòîò òèï âûðàæåíèé ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ â ñëó÷àå, êîãäà åãî ðåçóëüòàò ìîæåò áûòü
ñîõðàíåí â ïåðåìåííîé â ïàìÿòè èëè â ðåãèñòðå <b>EAX</b> èëè <b>AX</b> èëè <b>AL</b>.
1505,12 → 1504,12
Åñëè ðåçóëüòàò ìîæåò áûòü ñîõðàíåí â ïåðåìåííûõ òèïà <b>dword, long</b> èëè
<b>float</b>, èñïîëüçóåòñÿ íîòàöèÿ <b>EAX</b>.
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4.3 Âûðàæåíèÿ èñïîëüçóþùèå ïîëó÷àòåëü ïðè âû÷èñëåíèè âûðàæåíèÿ.
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Åñëè â ïðàâîé ÷àñòè âûðàæåíèÿ èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ïåðåìåííàÿ ÿâëÿþùàÿñÿ
îäíîâðåìåííî è ïðèåìíèêîì, òî òàêèå âûðàæåíèÿ äàþò ðàçëè÷íûå ðåçóëüòàòû â
1524,12 → 1523,12
var = BX = 2;
var = 3 + var; // ðåçóëüòàòîì áóäåò 5
BX = 3 + BX; // ðåçóëüòàòîì áóäåò 6
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4.4 Íå - EAX/AX/AL âûðàæåíèÿ.
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Ýòîò òèï âûðàæåíèé ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ â ñëó÷àå, êîãäà åãî ðåçóëüòàò äîëæåí
áûòü ñîõðàíåí â ëþáîì äðóãîì ðåãèñòðå, îòëè÷íîì îò àêêóìóëÿòîðà <b>EAX, AX</b>
1561,12 → 1560,12
÷èñëà: 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 è 128. Âñå ýòè îãðàíè÷åíèÿ ñâÿçàíû ñî
ñòðåìëåíèåì íå ðàçðóøàòü äðóãèå ðåãèñòðû ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè <b>íå-EAX/AX/AL</b>
âûðàæåíèé.
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4.5 Óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.
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Óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ - âûðàæåíèÿ, ðåçóëüòàòîì âû÷èñëåíèÿ êîòîðûõ ÿâëÿåòñÿ
ëîãè÷åñêîå çíà÷åíèå äà èëè íåò, èñïîëüçóåìîå â îïåðàòîðå <b>if</b> è öèêëàõ <b>do {}</b>
1575,22 → 1574,22
Èìåþòñÿ äâà òèïà óñëîâíûõ âûðàæåíèé, ïðîñòûå è ñëîæíûå.
Âîçìîæíî ëîãè÷åñêîå îáúåäèíåíèå óñëîâèé.
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4.5.1 Ïðîñòûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.
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Ïðîñòûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ - îäèíî÷íàÿ ëåêñåìà èëè âûðàæåíèå, êîòîðîå
ïðèìåò çíà÷åíèå äà, åñëè ðàñ÷åòíîå çíà÷åíèå îòëè÷íî îò íóëÿ, èëè çíà÷åíèå
íåò, åñëè ðàñ÷åòíîå çíà÷åíèå ðàâíî íóëþ.
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4.5.2 Ñëîæíûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.
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Ñëîæíûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ èìåþò ñëåäóþùóþ ôîðìó:
1622,12 → 1621,12
(x+y >= x-y) // ïðàâàÿ ÷àñòü íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäèíî÷íîé ëåêñåìîé èëè
ïîñòîÿííûì âûðàæåíèåì.
(Z = y) // âìåñòî == îøèáî÷íî ïîñòàâëåí =
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4.6 Èçìåíåíèå òèïà âûðàæåíèÿ ïðè ïðèñâàèâàíèè.
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Åñëè ïîñëå çíàêà ðàâåíñòâà íàïèñàòü òèï îòëè÷íûé îò òèïà âû÷èñëÿåìîé
ïåðåìåííîé, òî âñå ïåðåìåííûå ó÷àñòâóþùèå â ïðîöåññå âû÷èñëåíèÿ, áóäóò
1649,12 → 1648,12
òî ïåðåìåííûå a, b, è c â ýòîì ïðèìåðå ïåðåä âû÷èñëåíèåì áóäóò
ïðåîáðàçîâàíû ê òèïó <b>long</b>, à êîíå÷íûé ðåçóëüòàò áóäåò ïðåîáðàçîâàí ê òèïó
ïåðåìåííîé i - <b>int</b>.
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4.7 Âû÷èñëåíèå â ðåãèñòðû EAX/AX/AL ñî çíàêîì.
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Ïî óìîë÷àíèþ âñå âû÷èñëåíèÿ â ðåãèñòðû ïðîèçâîäÿòñÿ êàê ñ áåç çíàêîâûìè
âåëè÷èíàìè.
1674,14 → 1673,14
Îáðàùàþ âàøå âíèìàíèå, ÷òî äëÿ ðåãèñòðà <b>AL</b> ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü òîëüêî
ìîäèôèêàòîð <b>char</b>, äëÿ <b>AX</b> ñîîòâåòñòâåííî òîëüêî <b>int</b>, à äëÿ <b>EAX - long</b>. Äëÿ
îñòàëüíûõ ðåãèñòðîâ ïîäîáíîå äåëàòü íåëüçÿ.
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5. Èäåíòèôèêàòîðû.
5.1 Ôîðìàò èäåíòèôèêàòîðà.
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Èäåíòèôèêàòîðû â C-- äîëæíû íà÷èíàòüñÿ èëè ñ ñèìâîëà ïîä÷åðêèâàíèÿ <b>_</b>
èëè çàãëàâíûõ èëè ñòðî÷íûõ áóêâ. Ñëåäóþùèå ñèìâîëû ìîãóò áûòü ëþáîé
1704,12 → 1703,12
/*äëèíà èäåíòèôèêàòîðà ïðåâûøàåò 64 */
Y_es sir /* ïðîáåëû íåäîïóñòèìû */
The-end /* äåôèñû íåäîïóñòèìû */
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5.2 Çàðåçåðâèðîâàííûå èäåíòèôèêàòîðû.
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Ñïèñîê çàðåçåðâèðîâàííûõ â C-- èäåíòèôèêàòîðîâ, êîòîðûå íå ìîãóò
èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ êàê îáùèå èäåíòèôèêàòîðû, ïîñêîëüêó îíè óæå áûëè îïðåäåëåíû
1778,12 → 1777,12
tr0 tr1 tr2 tr3 tr4 tr5 tr6 tr7
mm0 mm1 mm2 mm3 mm4 mm5 mm6 mm7
xmm0 xmm1 xmm2 xmm3 xmm4 xmm5 xmm6 xmm7
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5.3 Óíèâåðñàëüíûå ðåãèñòðû äëÿ 16 è 32-áèòíîãî ðåæèìà.
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Ïðè ñîçäàíèè áèáëèîòå÷íûõ ïðîöåäóð î÷åíü ÷àñòî ïðèõîäèòñÿ ïèñàòü
âàðèàíòû ïðîöåäóðû äëÿ ðàáîòû â 16-áèòíîì è 32-áèòíîì ðåæèìàõ, êîòîðûå
1799,12 → 1798,12
Èñïîëüçîâàíèå àâòîìàòè÷åñêèõ ðåãèñòðîâ ïîçâîëèò óïðîñòèòü áèáëèîòå÷íûå
ôàéëû è ñäåëàòü èõ áîëåå ïîíÿòíûìè.
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5.4 Ïðåäîïðåäåëåííûå èäåíòèôèêàòîðû.
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Èäåíòèôèêàòîðû, îïðåäåëÿåìûå êîìïèëÿòîðîì â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ðåæèìà
êîìïèëÿöèè:
1842,14 → 1841,14
óñëîâèé:
#ifdef cpu > 3 //åñëè òèï ïðîöåññîðà áîëüøå 80386
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6. Ïåðåìåííûå.
6.1 Òèïû ïåðåìåííûõ.
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 C-- èìååòñÿ ñåìü òèïîâ ïåðåìåííûõ (èìåíîâàííûõ îáëàñòåé ïàìÿòè), ýòî:
<b>byte, word, dword, char, int, long, float.</b>
1898,12 → 1897,12
òàêèå ñâîéñòâà òèïà <b>int</b> âíîñÿò íåêîòîðóþ ïóòàíèöó, íî ýòî äàåò áîëüøîé
âûèãðûø ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè ýòîãî òèïà â áèáëèîòå÷íûõ ôàéëàõ, êîòîðûå ìîãóò
áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíû ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè 16-áèòíûõ è 32-áèòíûõ ïðîãðàìì.
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6.2 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïåðåìåííûõ.
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Ñèíòàêñèñ äëÿ îáúÿâëåíèÿ ïåðåìåííûõ ñëåäóþùèé:
1940,12 → 1939,12
è ìàññèâ ñ èìåíåì x, ñîñòîÿùèé èç 27 ýëåìåíòîâ òèïà int */
long size=0; /* îáúÿâëåíà ïåðåìåííàÿ òèïà long ñ èìåíåì size è åé ïðèñâîåíî
çíà÷åíèå 0. */
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6.3 Ãëîáàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå.
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Ãëîáàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå - ýòî ïåðåìåííûå, îáëàñòü äåéñòâèÿ êîòîðûõ
ðàñïðîñòðàíÿåòñÿ íà âñþ ïðîãðàììó. Â C-- èñïîëüçîâàòü ãëîáàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå
1979,12 → 1978,12
çíà÷åíèå), òî ïåðåìåííàÿ áóäåò âêëþ÷åíà â êîä êîìïèëèðóåìîãî ôàéëà. Åñëè
ïåðåìåííàÿ íå èíèöèàëèçèðóåòñÿ, òî ìåñòî äëÿ ïåðåìåííîé áóäåò
çàðåçåðâèðîâàíî ñðàçó æå çà ïîñëåäíèì áàéòîì ñêîìïèëèðîâàííîé ïðîãðàììû.
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6.4 Ëîêàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå.
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Ëîêàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå - ýòî ïåðåìåííûå îáëàñòü äåéñòâèÿ êîòîðûõ
ðàñïðîñòðàíÿåòñÿ ëèøü â ïðåäåëàõ îäíîé ïðîöåäóðû. Îáúÿâëÿòü ëîêàëüíûå
2021,12 → 2020,12
int locproc; // à íà ýòî îáúÿâëåíèå ïåðåìåííîé êîìïèëÿòîð âûäàñò ñîîáùåíèå
// îá îøèáêå, ò.ê. óæå íà÷àëîñü òåëî ïðîöåäóðû
}
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6.5 Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïåðåìåííûå è ñòðóêòóðû.
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Íàðÿäó ñ óæå èçâåñòíûìè Âàì äèíàìè÷åñêèìè ïðîöåäóðàìè â C-- åñòü
âîçìîæíîñòü èñïîëüçîâàòü äèíàìè÷åñêè è ïåðåìåííûå è ñòðóêòóðû. Äèíàìè÷åñêèå
2047,12 → 2046,12
ðàñïîëîæåíû â åãî ñàìîì êîíöå, ïîñëå äèíàìè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåäóð. Ýòó èõ
îñîáåííîñòü ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü, åñëè Âàì áóäåò íåîáõîäèìî, ÷òîáû äàííûå íå
áûëè ðàçáðîñàíû ñðåäè êîäà, à áûëè ñãðóïïèðîâàíû â îäíîì ìåñòå.
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6.6 Ïðèñâàèâàíèå îäíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ íåñêîëüêèì ïåðåìåííûì.
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Åñëè Âàì íåîáõîäèìî ïðèñâîèòü íåñêîëüêèì ïåðåìåííûì îäèíàêîâûå çíà÷åíèÿ:
2066,14 → 2065,14
Ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè òàêîé çàïèñè ãåíåðèðóåòñÿ áîëåå êîìïàêòíûé è áîëåå
áûñòðûé êîä.
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6.7 Ïåðåìåííûå òèïà float.
6.7.1 Ôîðìàò ïåðåìåííûõ òèïà float.
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Äëÿ ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ çíà÷åíèé ñ ïëàâàþùåé òî÷êîé â ÿçûê C-- ââåäåí òèï
float. Ýòîìó òèïó ñîîòâåòñòâóåò äåéñòâèòåëüíîå ÷èñëî îäèíàðíîé òî÷íîñòè
2089,12 → 2088,12
| | | -------------- - ïîëå ìàíòèññû
| ------------------------ - ïîëå ïîðÿäêà
--------------------------- - áèò çíàêà
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6.7.2 Êîíñòàíòû ñ ïëàâàþùåé òî÷êîé.
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Êîìïèëÿòîð îòëè÷àåò âåùåñòâåííîå ÷èñëî îò öåëîãî ïî íàëè÷èþ â íåì
òî÷êè. Íà÷èíàòüñÿ âåùåñòâåííîå ÷èñëî äîëæíî ëèáî öèôðîé îò <b>0</b> äî <b>9</b>, ëèáî
2106,12 → 2105,12
-15.75
3.14e2
1.234567E-20
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6.7.3 Äèàïàçîí äîïóñòèìûõ çíà÷åíèé.
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Âåùåñòâåííîå ÷èñëî òèïà float ìîæåò íàõîäèòüñÿ â äèàïàçîíå îò 3.37E38
äî -3.37E38. Ìèíèìàëüíî áëèçêîå ê íóëþ çíà÷åíèå ðàâíÿåòñÿ 1.17E-38 è
2118,12 → 2117,12
-1.17E-38. Çàïèñûâàòü âåùåñòâåííîå ÷èñëî îäèíàðíîé òî÷íîñòè áîëåå ÷åì 8
öèôðàìè íå èìååò ñìûñëà. Ïîêàçàòåëü ñòåïåíè ìîæåò ïðèíèìàòü çíà÷åíèÿ îò
+38 äî -38.
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6.7.4 Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå îïåðàöèè.
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Êîìïèëÿòîð ïîääåðæèâàåò 4 îñíîâíûõ äåéñòâèÿ íàä ïåðåìåííûìè òèïà
float: ñëîæåíèå, âû÷èòàíèå, óìíîæåíèå è äåëåíèå. Ïîääåðæèâàåòñÿ òàêæå
2136,12 → 2135,12
<font color="Red"><b>ÂÍÈÌÀÍÈÅ! Ñîñòàâíûå ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå îïåðàöèè âûïîëíÿþòñÿ â òîì
ïîðÿäêå, â êîòîðîì îíè çàïèñàíû, íåâçèðàÿ íà ïðàâèëà àðèôìåòèêè</b></font>.
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6.7.5 Ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ òèïîâ.
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Ïðè ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ îïåðàöèÿõ êîíå÷íûì èòîãîì êîòîðûõ ÿâëÿåòñÿ
ïåðåìåííàÿ òèïà <b>float</b>, âñå îïåðàíäû äðóãèõ òèïîâ ïåðåä âû÷èñëåíèåì áóäóò
2153,12 → 2152,12
ó÷àñòèå â âû÷èñëåíèÿõ. Ïðè ïðèñâàèâàíèè öåëî÷èñëåííîé ïåðåìåííîé çíà÷åíèÿ
ïåðåìåííîé òèïà <b>float</b>, èç íåå òàêæå áóäåò âûäåëåíà öåëàÿ ÷àñòü, êîòîðàÿ è
áóäåò ïðèñâîåíà öåëî÷èñëåííîé ïåðåìåííîé.
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6.7.6 Îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ.
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Åñëè ïðè îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ ëåâûì îïåðàíäîì ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïåðåìåííàÿ èëè
âûðàæåíèå òèïà <b>float</b>, à ïðàâûì ÿâëÿåòñÿ öåëî÷èñëåííîå çíà÷åíèå, òî
2166,12 → 2165,12
ëåâûì îïåðàíäîì ÿâëÿåòñÿ öåëî÷èñëåííîå âûðàæåíèå èëè ïåðåìåííàÿ, à ïðàâûì
îïåðàíäîì çíà÷åíèå òèïà <b>float</b>, òî èç ïðàâîãî îïåðàíäà áóäåò âûäåëåíà öåëàÿ
÷àñòü, êîòîðàÿ è ïðèìåò ó÷àñòèå â ñðàâíåíèè.
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<h2 id=6.7.7>
6.7.7 Ñðàâíåíèå ïåðåìåííûõ òèïà float ñ 32-áèòíûì ðåãèñòðîì.
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</h2>
 ðåãèñòðàõ ìîãóò ñîäåðæàòüñÿ çíàêîâûå, áåç çíàêîâûå è âåùåñòâåííûå
äàííûå. Ïî óìîë÷àíèþ ñ÷èòàåòñÿ, ÷òî â ðåãèñòðå íàõîäèòñÿ áåç çíàêîâîå öåëîå
2190,12 → 2189,12
<font color="Red"><b>ÂÍÈÌÀÍÈÅ! Ïðè îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ ñ ó÷àñòèåì ïåðåìåíîé òèïà float,
ñîäåðæèìîå ðåãèñòðà AX áóäåò ðàçðóøåíî.</b></font>
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<h2 id=6.8>
6.8 Óêàçàòåëè.
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</h2>
 C-- ñåé÷àñ óêàçàòåëè ðåàëèçîâàíû íå â ïîëíîì îáúåìå. Ïîýòîìó ìíîãèå
âåùè, êîòîðûå âîçìîæíû â îáû÷íûõ ÿçûêàõ <b>C</b>, çäåñü áóäóò íåäîñòóïíû.
2235,14 → 2234,14
èíèöèàëèçèðóåòñÿ óêàçàòåëü. Ò.å. Âû ìîæåòå óêàçàòåëþ íà <b>char</b> ïðèñâîèòü
óêàçàòåëü íà <b>int</b> èëè óêàçàòåëþ íà ïðîöåäóðó ïðèñâîèòü àäðåñ ïåðåìåííîé.
Ýòî ìîæåò âûçâàòü îøèáêó â ðàáîòå ïðîãðàììû.
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7. Àäðåñàöèÿ.
7.1 Îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ àäðåñàöèÿ.
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</h2>
Èçíà÷àëüíî èíäåêñíûé äîñòóï ê ýëåìåíòàì â ìàññèâàõ ëþáîãî òèïà â
êîìïèëÿòîðå îñóùåñòâëÿëñÿ ïîáàéòíî, íåçàâèñèìî îò îáúÿâëåííîãî òèïà äàííûõ.
2349,12 → 2348,12
÷èñëîâóþ êîíñòàíòó èëè ðåãèñòðû <b>BX,DI,SI,BP</b> êîìïèëÿòîð èñïîëüçóåò ýòè
çíà÷åíèÿ áåç èçìåíåíèÿ. Âî âñåõ äðóãèõ ñëó÷àÿõ áóäåò êîððåêöèÿ çíà÷åíèÿ â
çàâèñèìîñòè îò òèïà ìàññèâà.
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7.2 Àáñîëþòíàÿ àäðåñàöèÿ.
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</h2>
Àáñîëþòíàÿ àäðåñàöèÿ òàêæå âîçìîæíà. Äåéñòâóþò òå æå ñàìûå îãðàíè÷åíèÿ
íà èíäåêñû, ÷òî è ïðè îòíîñèòåëüíîé àäðåñàöèè.
2441,25 → 2440,25
Ñîõðàíèòü BX â ñåãìåíòå ñòåêà ïî ñìåùåíèþ 42:
SSWORD [42] = BX;
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8. Ðàáîòà ñ áëîêàìè äàííûõ.
8.1 Ñòðóêòóðû.
8.1.1 ×òî òàêîå ñòðóêòóðû.
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</h2>
Ñòðóêòóðà ïîçâîëÿåò îáúåäèíèòü â îäíîì îáúåêòå ñîâîêóïíîñòü çíà÷åíèé,
êîòîðûå ìîãóò èìåòü ðàçëè÷íûå òèïû.
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<h2 id=8.1.2>
8.1.2 Ñèíòàêñèñ.
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</h2>
struct [<òåã>] { <ñïèñîê-îáúÿâëåíèé-ýëåìåíòîâ> }
<îïèñàòåëü>[,<îïèñàòåëü>...];
2510,12 → 2509,12
<b>struct</b> ìîæíî íå ïèñàòü. Ò.å ìîæíî íàïèñàòü âîò òàê:
test dd;
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<h2 id=8.1.3>
8.1.3 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ ñòðóêòóð ïðè îáúÿâëåíèè.
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</h2>
Ïîñëå îáúÿâëåíèÿ ñòðóêòóðû åå ýëåìåíòû ìîãóò ïðèíèìàòü ïðîèçâîëüíûå
çíà÷åíèÿ. ×òî áû ýòîãî íå áûëî íàäî ñòðóêòóðû ïðîèíèöèàëèçèðîâàòü.
2553,12 → 2552,12
 ýòîì ïðèìåðå íà ìåñòî ãäå ðàñïîëîæåíà ñòðóêòóðà dd ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè áóäåò
çàãðóæåí ôðàãìåíò èç ôàéëà <b>file.dat</b> äëèíîé 10 áàéò ñî ñìåùåíèÿ 24.
Íåäîñòàþùèå áàéòû áóäóò çàïîëíåíû íóëÿìè.
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8.1.4 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ ñòðóêòóðû ïðè âûïîëíåíèè ïðîãðàììû.
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</h2>
Ïðè âûïîëíåíèè ïðîãðàììû, êðîìå ïðèñâîåíèÿ êàæäîìó ýëåìåíòó ñòðóêòóðû
çíà÷åíèÿ, ìîæíî ïðîèíèöèàëèçèðîâàòü âñþ ñòðóêòóðó ïðèñâîåíèåì åé ÷èñëà èëè
2591,12 → 2590,12
Áóäåò ñêîïèðîâàíî ñîäåðæèìîå òðåòüåé ñòðóêòóðû ìàññèâà ñòðóêòóð aa â
ñòðóêòóðó rr.
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8.1.5 Îïåðàöèè ñ ýëåìåíòàìè ñòðóêòóð.
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</h2>
Ñ ýëåìåíòàìè ñòðóêòóð ìîæíî âûïîëíÿòü âñå òå îïåðàöèè, êîòîðûå
äîñòóïíû äëÿ ïåðåìåííûõ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåãî òèïà. Íàïðèìåð: Îáúÿâëåíà
2641,12 → 2640,12
AX=sizeof(ss.bb); // ïîëó÷èòü ðàçìåð ýëåìåíòà <b>bb</b> â ñòðóêòóðå <b>ss</b>
AX=sizeof(BB.bb); // ïîëó÷èòü ðàçìåð ýëåìåíòà <b>bb</b> â òåãå <b>BB</b>
}
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8.1.6 Âëîæåííûå ñòðóêòóðû.
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</h2>
Ïðè îáúÿâëåíèè òåãîâ ñòðóêòóð ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü òåãè äðóãèõ,
îáúÿâëåííûõ ðàíåå ñòðóêòóð. Ïðèìåð âëîæåííûõ ñòðóêòóð:
2696,12 → 2695,12
AX=second[2].first[j].a; //à ýòîò ñèíòàêñèñ äîïóñòèì.
AX=second[i].first[3].a;
}
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8.1.7 Îòîáðàæåíèå òåãà ñòðóêòóðû íà áëîê ïàìÿòè.
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</h2>
Îòîáðàæåíèå òåãà ñòðóêòóðû íà áëîê ïàìÿòè ÿâëÿåòñÿ àëüòåðíàòèâîé
óêàçàòåëÿì íà ñòðóêòóðû.
2750,12 → 2749,12
ëîêàëüíûìè è ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêèìè ïåðåìåííûìè.  32-áèòíîì ðåæèìå ìîæíî
èñïîëüçîâàòü ëþáîé êðîìå <b>ESP è EBP</b> ðåãèñòð, à ðåãèñòðû <b>EDI è ESI</b> íàäî
èñïîëüçîâàòü îñòîðîæíî.
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8.1.8 Áèòîâûå ïîëÿ ñòðóêòóð.
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</h2>
Áèòîâûå ïîëÿ ñòðóêòóð èñïîëüçóþòñÿ äëÿ ýêîíîìèè ïàìÿòè, ïîñêîëüêó
ïîçâîëÿþò ïëîòíî óïàêîâàòü çíà÷åíèÿ, è äëÿ îðãàíèçàöèè óäîáíîãî äîñòóïà ê
2794,12 → 2793,12
ïðèìåíåííûé ê áèòîâîìó ïîëþ âåðíåò ðàçìåð ýòîãî ïîëÿ â áèòàõ. Ïðè
èñïîëüçîâàíèè áèòîâîãî ïîëÿ, åãî ñîäåðæèìîå áóäåò ðàñøèðÿòñÿ â ðåãèñòð
êàê áåç çíàêîâîå öåëîå ÷èñëî.
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8.2 Îáúåäèíåíèÿ.
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</h2>
Îáúåäèíåíèÿ ïîçâîëÿþò â ðàçíûå ìîìåíòû âðåìåíè õðàíèòü â îäíîì îáúåêòå
çíà÷åíèÿ ðàçëè÷íîãî òèïà.
2837,12 → 2836,12
ýëåìåíò îáúåäèíåíèÿ. Åñëè æå ïåðâûé ýëåìåíò îáúåäèíåíèÿ íå èíèöèàëèçèðîâàí,
à ñëåäóþùèå ýëåìåíòû èíèöèàëèçèðîâàíû, òî ýòî âûçîâåò ñîîáùåíèå êîìïèëÿòîðà
îá îøèáêå.
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8.3 Êîìàíäû 'FROM' è 'EXTRACT'.
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</h2>
 C-- åñòü î÷åíü îðèãèíàëüíûå êîìàíäû, êîòîðûõ íåò â äðóãèõ ÿçûêàõ. Ýòî
<b>FROM è EXTRACT</b>.
2869,14 → 2868,14
byte LIT128 = EXTRACT "8X16.FNT", 16*128, 16;
byte LIT130 = EXTRACT "8X16.FNT", 16*130, 16;
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9. Îïåðàòîðû.
9.1 Óñëîâíûå èíñòðóêöèè.
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Óñëîâíûå èíñòðóêöèè, ïðè ïîìîùè êîòîðûõ îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ âåòâëåíèå, òàêèå
æå êàê â C.
2920,12 → 2919,12
Ýòî ìîæíî ïðîñòî èñïðàâèòü, çàìåíèâ â ýòîì ìåñòå èíñòðóêöèþ <b>ELSE</b> íà
<b>else</b>.
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9.2 Öèêëû do{} while.
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 òàêîì öèêëå áëîê êîäà, ñîñòàâëÿþùèé òåëî öèêëà, áóäåò ïîâòîðÿòüñÿ,
ïîêà óñëîâíîå âûðàæåíèå èìååò çíà÷åíèå <b>èñòèííî</b>.
2944,12 → 2943,12
Óñëîâíîå âûðàæåíèå â <b>do {} while</b> èíñòðóêöèè äîëæíî ñîîòâåòñòâîâàòü òåì æå
ïðàâèëàì, ÷òî è â èíñòðóêöèÿõ <b>IF è if</b>.
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9.3 Öèêëû loop, LOOPNZ, loopnz.
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Öèêëû <b>loop</b> ïîâòîðÿþò áëîê êîäà, ïîêà îïðåäåëåííàÿ ïåðåìåííàÿ èëè
ðåãèñòð, âûïîëíÿþùèå ðîëü ñ÷åò÷èêà öèêëà, ñîäåðæàò çíà÷åíèå, îòëè÷íîå îò
3022,12 → 3021,12
ìàêñèìàëüíî ýôôåêòèâíûì ïðè îïòèìèçàöèè íà ðàçìåð êîäà, åñëè â êà÷åñòâå
ïàðàìåòðà-ñ÷åò÷èêà èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ðåãèñòð <b>CX/ECX</b>. Ïðè ýòîì êîìïèëÿòîð
èñïîëüçóåò àññåìáëåðíûå èíñòðóêöèè <b>JCXZ/JECXZ è LOOP</b>.
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9.4 Öèêë while, WHILE.
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</h2>
Ñèíòàêñèñ:
while(<âûðàæåíèå>)
3050,12 → 3049,12
WHILE (i < 20 ) @WRITEWORD(i); //öèêë ëèáî áóäåò áåñêîíå÷íûì ëèáî íå
//âûïîëíèòñÿ íè ðàçó
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9.5 Öèêë for, FOR.
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Ñèíòàêñèñ:
for ([<íà÷àëüíîå âûðàæåíèå>]; [<óñëîâèå>]; [<ïðèðàùåíèå>])
3104,12 → 3103,12
ñêîáêè. Ïðèìåð:
for ( a=0 ; (a>=0) && (a<10) ; a++ ){...
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9.6 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåêëþ÷àòåëü switch.
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</h2>
Ñèíòàêñèñ:
switch(<âûðàæåíèå>){
3222,12 → 3221,12
Êðîìå òîãî, ÷òî íîâûé ôîðìàò çàïèñè áîëåå êîìïàêòåí è áîëåå ÷èòàáåëåí,
íî åùå ïðè ýòîì êîìïèëÿòîð ñîçäàåò áîëåå êîìïàêòíûé è áûñòðûé êîä.
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9.7 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåõîäà goto, GOTO.
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Ñèíòàêñèñ:
goto <ìåòêà>;
3239,12 → 3238,12
Îïåðàòîð ïåðåõîäà <b>goto</b> ïåðåäàåò óïðàâëåíèå íà <b>îïåðàòîð</b> ïîìå÷åííûé
<b>ìåòêîé</b>. Àíàëîãîì â àññåìáëåðå îïåðàòîðó goto ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîìàíäà <b>jmp near</b>.
Àíàëîãîì â àññåìáëåðå îïåðàòîðó <b>GOTO</b> ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîìàíäà <b>jmp short</b>.
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9.8 Îïåðàòîð ðàçðûâà break, BREAK.
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Îïåðàòîð ðàçðûâà <b>break</b> ïðåðûâàåò âûïîëíåíèå îïåðàòîðîâ <b>do-while,
for, switch, while, loop, loopnz, LOOPNZ</b>. Îí ìîæåò ñîäåðæàòüñÿ
3262,12 → 3261,12
}
IF(i==10)BREAK;
}
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9.9 Îïåðàòîð ïðîäîëæåíèÿ continue, CONTINUE.
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Îïåðàòîð ïðîäîëæåíèÿ <b>continue</b> ïåðåäàåò óïðàâëåíèå íà ñëåäóþùóþ
èòåðàöèþ â öèêëàõ <b>do-while, for, while, loop, loopnz</b>. Â öèêëàõ
3279,12 → 3278,12
Îïåðàòîð <b>CONTINUE</b> àíàëîãè÷åí <b>continue</b>, íî ïðè ýòîì ãåíåðèðóåòñÿ êîä íà
1 áàéò êîðî÷å. Ðàçìåð ñãåíåðèðîâàííîãî êîäà îò ìåñòà ãäå ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ
<b>CONTINUE</b> äî íà÷àëà èòåðàöèè äîëæåí áûòü ìåíüøå 127 áàéò.
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9.10 Ëîãè÷åñêîå îáúåäèíåíèå óñëîâèé.
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Ñóùåñòâóåò âîçìîæíîñòü ëîãè÷åñêîãî îáúåäèíåíèÿ ñðàâíåíèé â óñëîâèÿõ
<b>IF è if</b>, öèêëàõ <b>do{}while, while{}, WHILE{}, for{} è FOR{}</b>.
3302,12 → 3301,12
Ò.å. åñëè ïðîèçâåñòè ðàñøèôðîâêó ýòîãî óñëîâèÿ, òî ïîëó÷èòñÿ ñëåäóþùåå:
óñëîâèå âûïîëíèòñÿ åñëè a>3 è b>4 èëè a>3 è c<8.
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9.11 Ïåðåõîä ÷åðåç öèêëû.
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Äëÿ îïåðàòîðîâ <b>BREAK, break, CONTINUE, continue</b> ââåäåíà
ïîääåðæêà ÷èñëîâîãî ïàðàìåòðà, îïðåäåëÿþùåãî, ñêîëüêî öèêëîâ íàäî
3342,12 → 3341,12
Íó è ÿ íàäåþñü, Âàì ïîíÿòíî, ÷òî çíà÷åíèå ïàðàìåòðà íå ìîæåò ïðåâûøàòü
÷èñëà öèêëîâ íàõîäÿùèõñÿ ïåðåä òåêóùèì. Òàê äëÿ îäèíî÷íîãî öèêëà ýòîò
ïàðàìåòð ìîæåò ïðèíèìàòü ìàêñèìàëüíîå è åäèíñòâåííîå çíà÷åíèå - 0.
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9.12 Èíâåðòèðîâàíèå ôëàãà ïðîâåðêè óñëîâèé.
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Èíâåðòèðîâàíèå ôëàãà ïðîâåðêè óñëîâèé â îïåðàöèÿõ ñðàâíåíèÿ <b>if/IF
for/FOR while/WHILE</b> ïðîèñõîäèò ñ ïîìîùüþ ñèìâîëà <b>! - not</b>.
3358,12 → 3357,12
IF ( proc() == 0 )... è IF ( ! proc() ) ...
ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñèíîíèìàìè.
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9.13 Âû÷èñëåíèå âûðàæåíèÿ, à çàòåì ïðîâåðêà óñëîâèÿ.
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 îïåðàöèÿõ ñðàâíåíèÿ â ëåâîì îïåðàíäå òåïåðü äîïóñòèìî èñïîëüçîâàòü
âû÷èñëåíèÿ âûðàæåíèÿ ñ ïðèñâàèâàíèåì è îïåðàöèè èíêðåìåíòà, äåêðåìåíòà.
3377,12 → 3376,12
Âî âñåõ ýòèõ ïðèìåðàõ ñíà÷àëà ïðîèçîéäåò âû÷èñëåíèå âûðàæåíèÿ â ëåâîé
÷àñòè îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ, à ïîòîì áóäåò ïðîèçâåäåíî ñðàâíåíèå ðåçóëüòàòà ñ
ïðàâîé ÷àñòüþ âûðàæåíèÿ ñðàâíåíèÿ.
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9.14 Ïðîâåðêà áèòîâ ïðè îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ.
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Åñëè â ëåâîé ÷àñòè âûðàæåíèÿ ñðàâíåíèÿ íàïèñàíî: BX & 5, òî ïðè
âû÷èñëåíèè âûðàæåíèÿ ñîäåðæèìîå ðåãèñòðà BX áóäåò èçìåíåíî èíñòðóêöèåé
3400,12 → 3399,12
IF ( ! $test AX,5)
IF ( asm test AX,5)
IF ( ! asm { test AX,5 } )
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9.15 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåñòàíîâêè.
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 C-- åñòü îïåðàòîð, êîòîðûé íå âñòðå÷àåòñÿ â äðóãèõ ÿçûêàõ, ýòî
îïåðàòîð ïåðåñòàíîâêè. Îïåðàòîð ïåðåñòàíîâêè ìåíÿåò ìåñòàìè ñîäåðæèìîå äâóõ
3428,12 → 3427,12
ïàìÿòè, áóäåò ðàçðóøåíî ñîäåðæèìîå EAX.  ëþáîì äðóãîì ñëó÷àå, íàïðèìåð,
ìåæäó ïåðåìåííîé â ïàìÿòè è ðåãèñòðîì, çíà÷åíèÿ âñåõ ðåãèñòðîâ áóäóò
ñîõðàíåíû.
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9.16 Îïåðàòîð îòðèöàíèÿ.
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C-- ïîääåðæèâàåò áûñòðûé ñèíòàêñèñ ñìåíû çíàêà ïåðåìåííîé - îïåðàòîð
îòðèöàíèÿ. Ïîñòàâèâ <b>-</b> (çíàê ìèíóñ) ïåðåä èäåíòèôèêàòîðîì ïåðåìåííîé ïàìÿòè
3445,12 → 3444,12
-AX; // ðåçóëüòàò òîò æå, ÷òî è ïðè 'AX = -AX;' ,íî áûñòðåå.
-tree; // òî æå ñàìîå, ÷òî 'tree = -tree;' ,íî áûñòðåå.
-BH; // ìåíÿåò çíàê BH.
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9.17 Îïåðàòîð èíâåðñèè.
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C-- ïîääåðæèâàåò áûñòðûé ñèíòàêñèñ âûïîëíåíèÿ ëîãè÷åñêîé èíâåðñèè
çíà÷åíèÿ ïåðåìåííîé - îïåðàòîð èíâåðñèè. Ïîñòàâèâ <b>!</b> (âîñêëèöàòåëüíûé çíàê)
3462,12 → 3461,12
!AX; // òî æå ñàìîå, ÷òî ' AX ^ = 0xFFFF; ' íî áûñòðåå.
!node; // çàìåíÿåò çíà÷åíèå 'node' åãî ëîãè÷åñêîé èíâåðñèåé.
!CL; // òî æå ñàìîå, ÷òî ' CL ^ = 0xFF ' íî áûñòðåå.
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9.18 Ñïåöèàëüíûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.
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C-- ïîääåðæèâàåò âîñåìü ñïåöèàëüíûõ óñëîâíûõ âûðàæåíèé:
3496,12 → 3495,12
do {
// çäåñü âû îïÿòü ÷åãî-òî äåëàåòå
} while( NOTOVERFLOW );
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9.19 Ñèìâîë $ - âñòàâëÿåò òåêóùèé àäðåñ ïðîãðàììû.
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Ñèìâîë <b>$</b>, êðîìå òîãî, ÷òî ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðèçíàêîì ïîñëåäóþùåé àññåìáëåðíîé
èíñòðóêöèè, â ÿçûêå C--, êàê è â ÿçûêå Assembler ìîæåò óêàçûâàòü òåêóùèé
3517,12 → 3516,12
DW #main-$ //çàïèñàòü ðàññòîÿíèå îò ïðîöåäóðû main äî òåêóùåãî ìåñòà
GOTO $+2; //ïåðåéòè ïî àäðåñó íà 2 áîëüøå, ÷åì òåêóùèé àäðåñ
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9.20 Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî static è îïåðàòîð ::.
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Åñëè ïåðåä îáúÿâëåíèåì ãëîáàëüíîé ïåðåìåííîé, ñòðóêòóðû èëè ïðîöåäóðû
óêàçàòü ñëîâî <b>static</b>, òî ýòè ïåðåìåííàÿ, ñòðóêòóðà èëè ïðîöåäóðà áóäóò
3558,12 → 3557,12
(E)AX=var; //èìååì äîñòóï òîëüêî ê ëîêàëüíîé ïåðåìåííîé
(E)AX=::var; //à òàê ìîæíî ïîëó÷èòü äîñòóï ê ãëîáàëüíîé ïåðåìåííîé
}
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9.21 Îïåðàòîð sizeof.
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Îïåðàöèÿ <b>sizeof</b> îïðåäåëÿåò ðàçìåð ïàìÿòè, êîòîðûé ñîîòâåòñòâóåò îáúåêòó
èëè òèïó. Îïåðàöèÿ sizeof èìååò ñëåäóþùèé âèä:
3608,12 → 3607,12
sizeof ( file "filename.dat" )
Ðåçóëüòàòîì ýòîé îïåðàöèè áóäåò ðàçìåð ôàéëà "filename.dat".
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9.22 Ìåòêè ïåðåõîäà.
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Ìåòêè ïåðåõîäà ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ äëÿ óêàçàíèÿ íà÷àëüíûõ òî÷åê ó÷àñòêîâ êîäà,
èñïîëüçóåìûõ êîìàíäàìè ïåðåõîäà âñòðîåííîãî àññåìáëåðà è îïåðàòîðàìè
3642,14 → 3641,14
êà÷åñòâå èìåí äëÿ ìåòîê âíå ïðîöåäóð ìîãóò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíû óíèêàëüíûå
èäåíòèôèêàòîðû, â êîòîðûõ ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü áîëüøèå, ìàëåíüêèå è ñìåñü
áîëüøèõ è ìàëåíüêèõ áóêâ.
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10. Àññåìáëåð.
10.1 Ïîääåðæêà êîìàíä àññåìáëåðà.
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</h2>
Âñòðîåííûé â C-- àññåìáëåð ïîääåðæèâàåò âñå èíñòðóêöèè 8088/8086,
80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium II è Pentium III ïðîöåññîðîâ.
3658,12 → 3657,12
äîëëàðà <b>$</b>. Ïîääåðæèâàåòñÿ òàêæå êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî <b>asm</b>, êîòîðîå ÿâëÿÿñü
ñèíîíèìîì ê ñèìâîëó äîëëàðà, åùå è ïîääåðæèâàåò îáúåäèíåíèå àññåìáëåðíûõ
èíñòðóêöèé â áëîêè.
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10.2 Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî asm.
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Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî <b>asm</b> ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñèíîíèìîì ê <b>$</b> - ïðåôèêñ àññåìáëåðíîé
êîìàíäû. Ïîñëå ñëîâà asm ìîæíî ïèñàòü áëîê àññåìáëåðíûõ êîìàíä. Ïðèìåð:
3682,12 → 3681,12
}
Ìåòêè âíóòðè áëîêà àññåìáëåðíûõ êîìàíä äîïóñòèìû.
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10.3 Ïðåôèêñ dup - ïîâòîðåíèå èíñòðóêöèé DB/DW/DD.
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</h2>
Äëÿ àññåìáëåðíûõ èíñòðóêöèè <b>DB, DW, DD</b> ââåäåíà âîçìîæíîñòü èñïîëüçîâàòü
ïðåôèêñ ïîâòîðåíèé <b>dup</b>. Ïðèìåíåíèå ýòîãî ïðåôèêñà èìååò ñëåäóþùèé
3700,12 → 3699,12
 îòëè÷èå îò àíàëîãà ýòîãî ïðåôèêñà èç àññåìáëåðà ïîâòîðÿåìóþ âåëè÷èíó
çàêëþ÷àòü â ñêîáêè íåëüçÿ.
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10.4 Èíñòðóêöèè ïðîöåññîðà Pentium III.
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 êîìïèëÿòîð äîáàâëåíà ïîääåðæêà 19 íîâûõ èíñòðóêöèé MMX ðàñøèðåíèÿ
3802,14 → 3801,14
movaps var32_128,xmm1 //â ìàññèâ èç 4 äâîéíûõ ñëîâ áóäåò çàïèñàíî XMM1
}
}
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11. Ïðîöåäóðû.
11.1 Òèïû ïðîöåäóð, ôóíêöèé è ìàêðîêîìàíä.
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</h2>
Ñåé÷àñ C-- ïîääåðæèâàåò 4 òèïà âûçîâà ïðîöåäóð: <b>cdecl, pascal, stdcall
è fastcall</b>. Âîò êðàòêèå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ýòèõ òèïîâ âûçîâîâ ïðîöåäóð:
3853,12 → 3852,12
Îáúÿâëåíèå ïðîöåäóð ââåäåíî äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû ñîîáùàòü êîìïèëÿòîðó î
òèïå âîçâðàòà èç ïðîöåäóð, ñïîñîáå ïåðåäà÷è ïàðàìåòðîâ ïðîöåäóðå è èõ ÷èñëå.
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11.2 Ñòåêîâûå ïðîöåäóðû.
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Ñòåêîâûå ïðîöåäóðû ïî óìîë÷àíèþ îáúÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðè ïîìîùè èäåíòèôèêàòîðà,
êîòîðûé ñîäåðæèò, ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå, îäèí ñèìâîë ñòðî÷íûõ áóêâ (áóêâ íèæíåãî
3949,12 → 3948,12
íåîáÿçàòåëüíî (òîãäà êîìïèëÿòîð íå áóäåò êîíòðîëèðîâàòü ÷èñëî è òèï
ïåðåäàâàåìûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ), íî åñëè Âû èõ âñòàâèòå, òî âêëþ÷èòñÿ ìåõàíèçì
êîíòðîëÿ çà ÷èñëîì è òèïîì ïàðàìåòðîâ.
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11.3 Ðåãèñòðîâûå ïðîöåäóðû.
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Ðåãèñòðîâûå ïðîöåäóðû îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ, ïî óìîë÷àíèþ, ïðè ïîìîùè
èäåíòèôèêàòîðà, êîòîðûé íå ñîäåðæèò ñèìâîëîâ ñòðî÷íûõ áóêâ. Èëè æå ÿâíûì
4000,12 → 3999,12
Äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû èñïîëüçîâàòü ðåãèñòðîâóþ ïðîöåäóðó êàê ìàêðîêîìàíäó,
îíà äîëæíà áûòü îáúÿâëåíà êàê äèíàìè÷åñêàÿ ïðîöåäóðà. Äèíàìè÷åñêèå
ïðîöåäóðû îïèñàíû â ñëåäóþùåì ïîäðàçäåëå.
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11.4 Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåäóðû.
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Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåäóðû - ïðîöåäóðû, êîòîðûå îïðåäåëåíû, íî âñòàâëÿþòñÿ
â êîä ïðîãðàììû, òîëüêî åñëè åñòü âûçîâ. Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåäóðû ìîãóò
4029,12 → 4028,12
IF (int AX < 0)
-AX;
}
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11.4.1 Óñòàíîâêà äèíàìè÷åñêîé ïðîöåäóðû â îïðåäåëåííîå ìåñòî ïðîãðàììû.
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Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåäóðû, åñëè îíè íå èñïîëüçóþòñÿ êàê ìàêðîñû è åñëè
îíè áûëè âîñòðåáîâàíû â ïðîãðàììå, âñòàâëÿþòñÿ â êîä ïðîãðàììû â ñàìîì
4070,12 → 4069,12
Ýòî ìîæåò áûòü ïðèìåíåíî è áûòü ïîëåçíûì ïðè ñîçäàíèè ðåçèäåíòíûõ
ïðîãðàìì (TSR) è äðàéâåðîâ óñòðîéñòâ.
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11.5 inline-ïðîöåäóðû.
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inline-ïðîöåäóðàìè ìîãóò áûòü äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåäóðû, êîòîðûå ìîæíî
èñïîëüçîâàòü êàê ìàêðîñû. Íî â îòëè÷èå îò ìàêðîñîâ, inline-ïðîöåäóðû, ïðè
4106,12 → 4105,12
{
IF ( int AX < 0 ) -AX ;
}
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11.5.1 Äðóãîå ïðèìåíåíèå inline.
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Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî <b>inline</b> èìååò â ïðîöåäóðàõ è äðóãîå ïðèìåíåíèå. Åñëè
ýòî ñëîâî ðàñïîëîæåíî ïåðåä íà÷àëîì áëîêà ïðîöåäóðû, òî äëÿ òàêîé
4143,12 → 4142,12
Âñòðåòèâ òàêîå îïðåäåëåíèå ïðîöåäóðû, êîìïèëÿòîð âûäàñò ïðåäóïðåæäåíèå
î òîì, ÷òî â òàêèõ ïðîöåäóðàõ èñïîëüçîâàòü ëîêàëüíûå è ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêèå
ïåðåìåííûå íåëüçÿ.
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11.6 Ïðîöåäóðû îáðàáîòêè ïðåðûâàíèé.
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Ïðîöåäóðû îáðàáîòêè ïðåðûâàíèé îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ ñëåäóþùèì ñïîñîáîì:
4183,12 → 4182,12
Ïðè çàâåðøåíèè ïðîöåäóðû ïðåðûâàíèÿ áóäåò àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ñãåíåðèðîâàíà
èíñòðóêöèÿ âûõîäà èç îáðàáîò÷èêà ïðåðûâàíèÿ - IRET.
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11.7 Çàìåíà return íà goto.
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 íåêîòîðûõ ñèòóàöèÿõ, ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè ïðîãðàììû, îïåðàòîð <b>return</b>
áóäåò çàìåíÿòüñÿ íà <b>goto</b>. Ýòî ïðîèñõîäèò ïðè ðàçðåøåííîé îïòèìèçàöèè ïî
4212,12 → 4211,12
êîìïèëÿòîð âûäàñò ñîîáùåíèå îá îøèáêå. Ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè <b>return</b> íà
ðàññòîÿíèè ìåíüøå 128 áàéò äî êîíöà êîäà, êîìïèëÿòîð âûäàñò âàì
ïðåäóïðåæäåíèå î âîçìîæíîì èñïîëüçîâàíèè <b>RETURN</b>.
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11.8 Âîçâðàùàåìûå çíà÷åíèÿ.
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Âîçâðàùàåìûå èç ôóíêöèé çíà÷åíèÿ ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ â ðåãèñòðàõ.  òàáëèöå
ïîêàçàíî, êàêîé ðåãèñòð èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ êàæäîãî èç âîçâðàùàåìûõ òèïîâ:
4287,12 → 4286,12
IF ( FOPEN() + 2 )... // ðåçóëüòàò ïðîöåäóðû ïîäâåðãàåòñÿ äàëüíåéøåìó
// âû÷èñëåíèþ, â ðåçóëüòàòå êîòîðîãî ôëàãè áóäóò
// èçìåíåíû.
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11.9 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ â ðåãèñòðîâûõ ïðîöåäóðàõ.
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Ðàíåå êàæäîìó ïàðàìåòðó ðåãèñòðîâîé ïðîöåäóðû ñîîòâåòñòâîâàë ñòðîãî
îïðåäåëåííûé ðåãèñòð. Íàïðèìåð, äëÿ ïåðåìåííûõ òèïà int èëè word ïåðâûé
4376,12 → 4375,12
íè â çàãîëîâêå ñàìîé ïðîöåäóðû, òî êîìïèëÿòîð áóäåò ñ÷èòàòü, ÷òî ïàðàìåòðû
â ýòó ïðîöåäóðó ïåðåäàþòñÿ ñòàðûì ñïîñîáîì. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, äîñòèãàåòñÿ
ïîëíàÿ ñîâìåñòèìîñòü ñ ïðåäûäóùèìè âåðñèÿìè êîìïèëÿòîðà.
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11.10 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ â ñòåêîâûõ ïðîöåäóðàõ.
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Êàê èçâåñòíî, ðàíåå â C-- êîíòðîëü çà ÷èñëîì è òèïîì ïåðåäàâàåìûõ
ïðîöåäóðå ïàðàìåòðîâ âîçëàãàëñÿ íà ïðîãðàììèñòà. Ïîýòîìó âîçíèêëà íåïðîñòàÿ
4423,12 → 4422,12
Âîò êàê áóäåò âûãëÿäåòü îáúÿâëåíèå ïðîöåäóðû printf:
void cdecl printf ( word, ... );
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11.11 Èñïîëüçîâàíèå ìàêðîêîìàíä.
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Òåïåðü ëþáàÿ äèíàìè÷åñêàÿ ïðîöåäóðà ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíà êàê ìàêðîñ.
Åñëè ïåðåä âûçîâîì äèíàìè÷åñêîé ïðîöåäóðû ïîñòàâèòü ñèìâîë <b>@</b>, òî êîä ýòîé
4439,12 → 4438,12
èíñòðóêöèåé <b>ADD SP,SIZE_PARAMETRS</b> ñðàçó ïîñëå îêîí÷àíèÿ êîäà âñòàâëåííîãî
ìàêðîñà. Ïîýòîìó, åñëè ýòà ïðîöåäóðà èñïîëüçîâàëà ôëàãè â êà÷åñòâå
âîçâðàòà, òî îíè áóäóò ðàçðóøåíû.
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11.12 Ïåðåäà÷à ïàðàìåòðîâ â ñòåêîâûå ïðîöåäóðû ÷åðåç ðåãèñòðû.
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Ïðè ïåðåäà÷å ïàðàìåòðîâ ÷åðåç ðåãèñòðû, ÷àùå âñåãî ïîëó÷àåòñÿ áîëåå
êîìïàêòíûé è áûñòðûé êîä. Íî ñîäåðæèìîå ðåãèñòðîâ ìîæåò áûòü ëåãêî
4479,12 → 4478,12
ïðîöåäóð òèïà <b>pascal</b> ðåãèñòðîâûå ïàðàìåòðû ëó÷øå ðàñïîëàãàòü ïîñëå
ñòåêîâûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ. Äëÿ ïðîöåäóð òèïà <b>cdecl è stdcall</b> ñíà÷àëà ëó÷øå
ðàñïîëàãàòü ðåãèñòðîâûå ïàðàìåòðû.
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11.13 Âûçîâ ïðîöåäóð ñ àäðåñîì â ðåãèñòðå.
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 C-- äîïóñòèìî äåëàòü âûçîâ ïðîöåäóðû, àäðåñ êîòîðîé íàõîäèòñÿ â
ðåãèñòðå. Ïàðàìåòðû äëÿ òàêîãî âûçîâà ïåðåäàþòñÿ òîëüêî ÷åðåç ñòåê. Òèï
4512,12 → 4511,12
0111 85C0 test ax,ax
0113 7503 jne 118h
0115 B80200 mov ax,2
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11.14 Âñòðîåííûå â êîìïèëÿòîð ïðîöåäóðû.
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Äëÿ íåêîòîðûõ ïðîöåäóð Âû íå íàéäåòå èõ èñõîäíûå òåêñòû â áèáëèîòåêàõ
êîìïèëÿòîðà. Êîä ýòèõ ïðîöåäóð ãåíåðèðóåò êîìïèëÿòîð. Âîò ñïèñîê ýòèõ
4553,12 → 4552,12
áèáëèîòå÷íûå ïðîöåäóðû. Âñòðåòèâ îïðåäåëåíèå òàêîé ïðîöåäóðû, êîìïèëÿòîð íå
áóäåò âûäàâàòü íèêàêèõ ñîîáùåíèå, îí ïðîñòî áóäåò ïðèìåíÿòü Âàø âàðèàíò
ïðîöåäóðû.
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11.14.1 Ïðîöåäóðû ABORT, ATEXIT è EXIT.
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Ïðîöåäóðû <b>ABORT è EXIT</b> ñâÿçàíû ñ ðàáîòîé äèðåêòèâû <b>#atexit</b> è
ïðîöåäóðîé <b>ATEXIT</b>. Íàèáîëåå îïòèìàëüíóþ èõ ðåàëèçàöèþ è âçàèìíóþ
4584,13 → 4583,13
ðàáîòó ïðîãðàììû ñ êîäîì âîçâðàòà 0. Ïðîöåäóðå <b>EXIT</b> ïåðåäàåòñÿ â
êà÷åñòâå ïàðàìåòðà êîä âîçâðàòà, ñ êîòîðûì îíà è çàâåðøàåò ðàáîòó
ïðîãðàììû.
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11.14.2 Ïðîöåäóðû inp/inportb, inport, inportd, outp/outportb, outport è
outportd
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Ýòè ïðîöåäóðû âñåãäà âñòàâëÿþòñÿ â êîä êàê ìàêðîñû, ò.å. äëÿ ýòèõ
ïðîöåäóð íèêîãäà íå ãåíåðèðóåòñÿ âûçîâ ïðîöåäóðû. Â çàâèñèìîñòè îò
4611,12 → 4610,12
Èìåíà ïðîöåäóð inp è inportb, òàêæå êàê è èìåíà outp è outportb
ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñèíîíèìàìè.
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11.14.3 Ïðîöåäóðû äëÿ ðàáîòû ñ âåùåñòâåííûìè ÷èñëàìè.
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Ýòè ïðîöåäóðû ðåàëèçóþòñÿ êîìïèëÿòîðîì è âñåãäà âñòàâëÿþòñÿ â êîä êàê
ìàêðîñû, ò.å. äëÿ íèõ íèêîãäà íå ãåíåðèðóåòñÿ âûçîâ ïðîöåäóðû. Êðîìå
4644,14 → 4643,14
float sin ( float val );
float sqrt ( float val );
float tan ( float val );
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11.15 Êëàññû.
11.15.1 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïðîöåäóð â ñòðóêòóðàõ.
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Ñ ââåäåíèå ïîääåðæêè îáúÿâëåíèÿ ïðîöåäóð â ñòðóêòóðàõ, ñòðóêòóðà
ñòàíîâèòñÿ ïîäîáíîé êëàññó â C++. Ò.å. òàêàÿ ïðîöåäóðà ñòàíîâèòñÿ ìåòîäîì
4690,12 → 4689,12
ïðè åå îïðåäåëåíèè, â ñàìîì åå íà÷àëå, íàäî íàïèñàòü ñèìâîë äâîåòî÷èÿ <b>:</b>
(òàêæå êàê è äëÿ îáû÷íûõ äèíàìè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåäóð). Íî òàêàÿ äèíàìè÷åñêàÿ
ïðîöåäóðà íå ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíà êàê ìàêðîñ.
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11.15.2 Íàñëåäîâàíèå.
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</h2>
 C-- ïîääåðæèâàþòñÿ ïðîñòûå è ìíîæåñòâåííûå íàñëåäîâàíèÿ. Îáúÿâëåíèå
ñòðóêòóðû ñ íàñëåäîâàíèåì èìååò ñëåäóþùèé ñèíòàêñèñ:
4753,12 → 4752,12
d.C::x0=0;
ÿâëÿþòñÿ ðàâíîçíà÷íûìè.
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11.15.3 Íàñëåäîâàíèå ïðîöåäóð.
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</h2>
Åñëè â áàçîâîì êëàññå åñòü ïðîöåäóðà, à â ïðîèçâîäíîì êëàññå Âû ýòó
ïðîöåäóðó ïåðåîïðåäåëèëè, òî ýòà ïðîöåäóðà áóäåò ïåðåîïðåäåëåíà è â
4842,14 → 4841,14
ïðîöåäóðû ñ îäíèì èìåíåì SetX. À èç áàçîâîãî êëàññà Point è èç äðóãîãî
ïðîèçâîäíîãî êëàññà Point2 áóäåò ïî ïðåæíåìó äîñòóïåí òîëüêî áàçîâûé
âàðèàíò ïðîöåäóðû SetX.
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12. Òèïû âûõîäíûõ ôàéëîâ.
12.1 Âûõîäíûå ôàéëû òèïà COM.
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Ýòîò òèï âûõîäíîãî ôàéëà ïîëó÷àåòñÿ àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ïî óìîë÷àíèþ.
4858,12 → 4857,12
è small äëÿ 16-áèòíîãî êîäà, à òàêæå 32-áèòíûå äëÿ DOS è Windows. Òàêæå
åñòü âîçìîæíîñòü ïîëó÷åíèÿ âûõîäíîãî ôàéëà â ôîðìàòå OBJ, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò
ñâÿçûâàòü ïðîãðàììû íà C-- ñ ïðîãðàììàìè íà äðóãèõ ÿçûêàõ.
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12.2 Âûõîäíûå ôàéëû òèïà EXE.
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Ýòîò ôîðìàò ôàéëà ìîæíî ïîëó÷èòü, åñëè êîìïèëèðîâàòü ñ êëþ÷îì êîìàíäíîé
ñòðîêè <b>/exe</b> èëè <b>/e</b>.
4870,12 → 4869,12
Âîçìîæíî òàêæå ïîääåðæêà EXE-ôîðìàòà ÷åðåç âûõîäíîé ôàéë ôîðìàòà OBJ,
êîòîðûé ìîæíî çàòåì îáðàáîòàòü ëèíêîâùèêîì, íå âõîäÿùèì â ïàêåò C--.
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12.3 Âûõîäíîé ôàéë *.EXE ñ ìîäåëüþ ïàìÿòè tiny.
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</h2>
Ôàêòè÷åñêè êîä ôàéëà *.exe ìîäåëè <b>tiny</b> íè÷åì íå îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò êîäà
*.com. Â ñóùíîñòè, ýòî òîò æå com-ôàéë, ê êîòîðîìó äîáàâëåí 32-áàéòíûé
4887,12 → 4886,12
×òîáû ïîëó÷èòü exe-ôàéë ñ ìîäåëüþ ïàìÿòè <b>tiny</b>, íàäî çàïóñòèòü
êîìïèëÿòîð ñ êëþ÷îì â êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêå <b>/TEXE</b>.
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12.4 Îáúåêòíûé âûõîäíîé ôàéë OBJ.
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</h2>
 íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ C-- ìîæåò òîëüêî ñîçäàâàòü OBJ-ôàéëû, íî íå ìîæåò èõ
êîìïîíîâàòü.
4941,14 → 4940,14
óäàëîñü ëèøü ñ ïîìîùüþ wlink è ðàñøèðèòåëÿ zrdx.exe.
Ñîçäàíèå obj-ôàéëîâ ïîä windows íå ïðåäóñìîòðåíî.
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12.5 COM ôàéë symbiosis.
12.5.1 ÑÈÌÁÈÎÇ - ÷òî ýòî òàêîå?
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</h2>
Òðàíñëÿòîð C-- èìååò êëþ÷, ïîçâîëÿþùèé äîáàâëÿòü êîìïèëèðóåìóþ
ïðîãðàììó ê êîíöó óæå èìåþùåãîñÿ COM ôàéëà. Ýòî íàçûâàþò COM-ôàéë
4960,12 → 4959,12
ïðåêðàòèòñÿ, è ïåðâîíà÷àëüíûé êîä COM-ôàéëà íå áóäåò âûïîëíåí. Ýòî
ïîçâîëÿåò ïðîãðàììå, äîáàâëåííîé ê COM ôàéëó, îïðåäåëÿòü, áóäåò ëè
óïðàâëåíèå ïåðåäàíî íà ïåðâîíà÷àëüíûé êîä.
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12.5.2 Êàê ýòî äåëàòü.
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</h2>
×òîáû ñäåëàòü ýòî, Âû äîëæíû èñïîëüçîâàòü êëþ÷ <b>/SYM</b> â êîìàíäíîé
ñòðîêå êîìïèëÿòîðà, â êîòîðîé óêàçûâàåòñÿ ïîëíîå èìÿ COM-ôàéëà, ê
4976,12 → 4975,12
C-- /SYM C:\COMMAND.COM HELLO.C--
Áóäåò ñîçäàí âûõîäíîé ôàéë HELLO.COM .
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12.5.3 Èñïîëüçîâàíèå.
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</h2>
Âû ìîæåòå, âåðîÿòíî, ïðèäóìàòü áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ïóòåé èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ
ýòîé ôóíêöèè, òèïà:
4990,23 → 4989,23
ñïåöèàëüíûì COM ôàéëàì.
- Óìåíüøåíèå ïàìÿòè, äîñòóïíîé COM ôàéëó ïðè çàïóñêå.
- Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ ðåæèìà âèäåî äëÿ COM ôàéëà.
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12.5.4 Çëîóïîòðåáëåíèÿ.
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</h2>
Ëþáîé çëîóìûøëåííèê ìîæåò ïðèäóìàòü è âðåäíûå ïðèìåíåíèÿ äëÿ ýòîé
ôóíêöèè. Íàèáîëåå î÷åâèäíîå èç íèõ - ñîçäàíèå òðîÿíñêèõ êîíåé. ß õîòåë áû
óêàçàòü, ÷òî ýòî íåêîíñòðóêòèâíîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå C--, è ëþáîå
ðàçðóøèòåëüíîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå ñèìáèîçîâ COM-ôàéëîâ çàïðåùåíî.
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12.6 SYS - äðàéâåðû óñòðîéñòâ.
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</h2>
Êîìïèëÿòîð çíà÷èòåëüíî îáëåã÷èò Âàø òðóä ïðè íàïèñàíèè äðàéâåðîâ.
Êîìïèëÿòîð ñàì ñîçäàñò çàãîëîâîê äðàéâåðà è ïðîöåäóðû <b>ÑÒÐÀÒÅÃÈß</b> è
5049,12 → 5048,12
äðóãèõ ïðîöåäóðàõ îáðàáîòêè êîìàíä èñïîëüçóåòå äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåäóðû,
îáÿçàòåëüíî äîëæíà áûòü äèðåêòèâà <b>?setdinproc</b>. Ãëîáàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå äîëæíû
áûòü îáÿçàòåëüíî ïðîèíèöèàëèçèðîâàíû.
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12.7 Êîìïèëÿöèÿ êîäà ðàñøèðèòåëåé ROM-BIOS.
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</h2>
Ðàñøèðèòåëè ROM-BIOS (BIOS âèäåîêîíòðîëëåðîâ, ñåòåâûõ êàðò...) èìåþò
îïðåäåëåííóþ ñòðóêòóðó è òðåáîâàíèÿ. C-- òåïåðü ìîæåò îáëåã÷èòü Âàì ïðîöåññ
5106,14 → 5105,14
3. Åñëè äèðåêòèâà <b>?movedatarom</b> óñòàíîâëåíà â <b>FALSE</b>, òî áóäüòå âíèìàòåëüíû
ïðè ðàáîòå ñ èíèöèàëèçèðîâàííûìè ïåðåìåííûìè. Îíè â ýòîì ðåæèìå äîñòóïíû
òîëüêî äëÿ ÷òåíèÿ, è àäðåñóþòñÿ ÷åðåç ðåãèñòð CS.
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12.8 32-áèòíûå ôàéëû.
12.8.1 32-áèòíûé êîä ïîä DOS.
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</h2>
Äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû îòêîìïèëèðîâàòü 32-áèòíóþ ïðîãðàììó ïîä DOS íàäî
çàïóñòèòü êîìïèëÿòîð ñ êëþ÷îì êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè <b>/d32</b>. Íî ðàáîòà 32-áèòíîé
5154,12 → 5153,12
îáû÷íàÿ DOS ïðîãðàììà, è ëèøü â ïðîöåññå ðàáîòû ïåðåõîäèò â 32-áèòíûé
ðåæèì ðàáîòû, ðàçìåð ïðîãðàììû îãðàíè÷åí ðàçìåðîì ñâîáîäíîé DOS ïàìÿòè.
Íó à ïðåèìóùåñòâîì åãî ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîìïàêòíûé ðàçìåð èñïîëíÿåìîãî ôàéëà.
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12.8.2 32-áèòíûé êîä ïîä Windows.
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</h2>
Äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû îòêîìïèëèðîâàòü ïðîãðàììó, íàïèñàííóþ ïîä Windows íàäî
çàïóñòèòü êîìïèëÿòîð ñ êëþ÷îì êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè <b>/w32</b>.
5241,12 → 5240,12
ò.å. áåç êðóãëûõ ñêîáîê. Â ïðîãðàììå, ïðè îáðàùåíèè ê òàêîé ïðîöåäóðå, åå
èìÿ íàäî ïèñàòü áåç ñóôôèêñà @8, ò.å. âîò òàê - ProcName(param1,param2);
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12.8.3 Âûçîâ API ïðîöåäóð ïî îðäèíàëàì.
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</h2>
 äèíàìè÷åñêè ïîäêëþ÷àåìûõ áèáëèîòåêàõ (DLL) êàæäîé ïðîöåäóðå, êðîìå
åå èìåíè, ñîîòâåòñòâóåò óíèêàëüíîå ÷èñëî, êîòîðîå íàçûâàåòñÿ îðäèíàëîì. È
5297,12 → 5296,12
Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, íåò íèêàêèõ ãàðàíòèé òîãî, ÷òî íîìåð îðäèíàëà äëÿ äàííîé
ïðîöåäóðû íå èçìåíèòñÿ ïðè ñìåíå âåðñèè äèíàìè÷åñêîé áèáëèîòåêè. Ïîýòîìó
èñïîëüçîâàòü îðäèíàëû íàäî îñòîðîæíî.
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12.8.4 Ñîçäàíèå DLL ïîä Windows.
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</h2>
Äèíàìè÷åñêè ïîäêëþ÷àåìûå áèáëèîòåêè ïîçâîëÿò ïîëó÷àòü áîëåå
êîìïàêòíûå ïðîãðàììû è óñêîðèòü ïðîöåññ êîìïèëÿöèè. Ê ìèíóñàì
5324,12 → 5323,12
êàê <b>_export</b> íåîáÿçàòåëüíî. Çàòåì ýòîò ôàéë íóæíî îòêîìïèëèðîâàòü ñ êëþ÷îì
/dll.  ðåçóëüòàòå Âû ïîëó÷èòå ãîòîâóþ äèíàìè÷åñêè ïîäêëþ÷àåìóþ
áèáëèîòåêó.
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12.8.5 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ DLL ïðè çàãðóçêå.
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</h2>
Èíîãäà, äëÿ ðàáîòû ïðîöåäóð èç äèíàìè÷åñêèõ áèáëèîòåê (DLL), áûâàåò
íåîáõîäèìûì èíèöèàëèçèðîâàòü íåêîòîðûå ïåðåìåííûå çíà÷åíèÿìè, çàâèñÿùèìè
5350,12 → 5349,12
{
...
}
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12.8.6 Êîìïèëÿöèÿ ðåñóðñîâ.
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</h2>
Âñòðîåííûé â C-- êîìïèëÿòîð ðåñóðñîâ ïî ñâîèì âîçìîæíîñòÿì óñòóïàåò
ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûì êîìïèëÿòîðàì ðåñóðñîâ, íî ýòèõ âîçìîæíîñòåé, êàê ìíå
5391,12 → 5390,12
Íè÷òî íå ìåøàåò Âàì èñïîëüçîâàòü êîìïèëÿòîðû ðåñóðñîâ îò äðóãèõ
ÿçûêîâ. Ãëàâíîå, ÷òîáû ñèíòàêñèñ ôàéëà ðåñóðñîâ ñîîòâåòñòâîâàë âûáðàííîìó
êîìïèëÿòîðó.
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12.9 Âûõîäíûå ôàéëû äëÿ MeOS.
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</h2>
Èñïîëíÿåìûå ôàéëû äëÿ îïåðàöèîííîé ñèñòåìû MenuetOS ïîääåðæèâàþòñÿ
êîìïèëÿòîðîì ñîâñåì íåäàâíî. Äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû îòêîìïèëèðîâàòü ôàéë äëÿ
5409,14 → 5408,14
ôàéë íà÷àëüíîé èíèöèàëèçàöèè <b>startup.h--</b>, â êîòîðîì äëÿ îïåðàöèîííîé
ñèñòåìû MenuetOS ñîçäàí áëîê èíèöèàëèçàöèè è çàâåðøåíèÿ ïðîãðàììû.
Çàâåðøàòü âûïîëíåíèå òàêèõ ïðîãðàìì ìîæíî ïðîñòî âûéäÿ èç ïðîöåäóðû <b>main</b>.
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<B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=13.1>
<h2 id=13.1>
13. Ïðèëîæåíèÿ.
13.1 Ïîèñê âêëþ÷àåìûõ ôàéëîâ.
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</h2>
Ïîèñê âêëþ÷àåìîãî â âàøó ïðîãðàììó ôàéëà, èìÿ êîòîðîãî îáúÿâëÿåòñÿ
äèðåêòèâîé <b>include</b> è çàêëþ÷åíî â äâîéíûå êàâû÷êè "", ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ
5441,12 → 5440,12
Äëÿ êîíñîëüíîé âåðñèè êîìïèëÿòîðà èìåíà ãëàâíîãî ìîäóëÿ è âêëþ÷àåìûõ
ôàéëîâ ìîãóò èìåòü äëèíó áîëåå 8 ñèìâîëîâ.
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<B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=13.2>
<h2 id=13.2>
13.2 Ðåãèñòðû, êîòîðûå äîëæíû áûòü ñîõðàíåíû.
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</h2>
Ðåãèñòðû, êîòîðûå äîëæíû ñîõðàíÿòüñÿ - BP, DI, SI, DS, SS, SP, CS è IP.
5475,12 → 5474,12
èñïîëüçîâàíèåì CS è IP, ñëåäîâàòåëüíî èõ çíà÷åíèÿ äîëæíû ñîõðàíÿòüñÿ. IP,
êàê èçâåñòíî, óêàçàòåëü àäðåñà êîìàíäû, è CS è IP íåïîñðåäñòâåííî íå ìîãóò
èçìåíÿòüñÿ â ïðîöåññîðàõ 8086, 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486,...
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<h2 id=13.3>
13.3 C--.ini ôàéë.
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</h2>
C--.ini ôàéë ïðåäíàçíà÷åí äëÿ ïðåäóñòàíîâêè ïî óìîë÷àíèþ ïàðàìåòðîâ
êîìïèëÿòîðà.
5531,12 → 5530,12
ðåøàòü Âàì, íî êàê ãîâîðÿò, è ÿ ñ ýòèì ñîãëàñåí, ëó÷øå ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ çîëîòîé
ñåðåäèíîé - ×àñòü ïàðàìåòðîâ ïðîïèñàòü â c--.ini ôàéëå, à äðóãóþ
íåïîñðåäñòâåííî â êîìïèëèðóåìîì ôàéëå.
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<h2 id=13.4>
13.4 startup.h-- ôàéë.
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</h2>
 ýòîì ôàéëå íàõîäÿòñÿ èñõîäíûå òåêñòû, êîòîðûå êîìïèëèðóþòñÿ
êîìïèëÿòîðîì â êîä íà÷àëüíîé èíèöèàëèçàöèè ôàéëà, äëÿ âñåõ ïîääåðæèâàåìûõ
5581,12 → 5580,12
ëèáî â c--.ini ôàéëå èëè â êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêå êîìïèëÿòîðà óêàæåòå îïöèþ
<b>d=_USELONGNAME</b>.
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<h2 id=13.5>
13.5 mainlib.ldp ôàéë.
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</h2>
 ýòîì ôàéëå íàõîäèòñÿ áîëüøîå ÷èñëî ïðîöåäóð èç îñíîâíîé áèáëèîòåêè
êîìïèëÿòîðà â óæå îòêîìïèëèðîâàííîì âèäå. Âñå ïðîöåäóðû îòêîìïèëèðîâàíû â
5615,12 → 5614,12
cmmlib.rar. Èçâëåêèòå ïðîãðàììó cmmlib.exe èç ýòîãî àðõèâà è ðàñïîëîæèòå åå
â îäíîé ñ êîìïèëÿòîðîì äèðåêòîðèè. Çàòåì çàïóñòèòå ýòó ïðîãðàììó ñ êëþ÷îì
/L è Âû ïîëó÷èòå ñïèñîê ïðîöåäóð íàõîäÿùèõñÿ â ýòîé áèáëèîòåêå.
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<h2 id=13.6>
13.6 C-- ñèìâîëû.
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</h2>
SYMBOL|FUNCTION |EXAMPLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------
5669,29 → 5668,9
|ôëàãà îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ. |
... |ëþáîå ÷èñëî ïàðàìåòðîâ â | void proc(...);
:: |ðàçðåøåíèå âèäèìîñòè | ::var=0;
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</PRE>
<P>
</font><SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">document.writeln(document.lastModified)</SCRIPT>
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/programs/other/table/calc.cpp
579,7 → 579,6
char buffer[512];
kosFileInfo fileInfo;
rtlDebugOutString("hi");
rtlDebugOutString(fname);
strcpy(fileInfo.fileURL, fname);
720,12 → 719,6
char *d, *s, *k;
int step = 0, items;
if (str_is_csv(fname))
return LoadCSV(fname);
//rtlDebugOutString(fname);
strcpy(fileInfo.fileURL,fname);
fileInfo.OffsetLow = 0;
fileInfo.OffsetHigh = 0;
740,11 → 733,13
return -1;
}
if (str_is_csv(fname))
return LoadCSV(fname);
// clear the table
reinit();
//rtlDebugOutString("clear done");
filesize = bdvk.size_low;
fileInfo.rwMode = 0;

/programs/other/table/hello.cpp
11,7 → 11,7
#endif
char params[1024];
#define TABLE_VERSION "0.99.2"
#define TABLE_VERSION "0.99.3"
// strings
const char *sFileSign = "KolibriTable File\n";
24,6 → 24,7
const char er_format[] = "'Error: bad format' -E";
const char msg_save[] = "'File saved' -O";
const char msg_load[] = "'File loaded' -O";
const char msg_save_error[] = "'Error saving file' -E";
const char msg_new[] = "'Memory cleared' -I";
// initial window sizes
593,7 → 594,7
return;
}
if (!sel_moved && !size_state) //do not handle scrollbars when user selects cells
if (!size_state) //do not handle scrollbars when user selects cells
{
if (!scroll_h.delta2) scrollbar_v_mouse((DWORD)&scroll_v);
if (scroll_v.position != grid.firsty-1)
1095,7 → 1096,12
case SAVE_BUTTON:
stop_edit();
if (SaveFile(fname)) kos_AppRun("/sys/@notify", (char*)msg_save);
if (SaveFile(fname)) {
kos_AppRun("/sys/@notify", (char*)msg_save);
}
else {
kos_AppRun("/sys/@notify", (char*)msg_save_error);
}
break;
case LOAD_BUTTON: