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| <strong><em>Äîêóìåíòàöèÿ íà C--.</em></strong></font> |
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| Ñîäåðæàíèå. |
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| <A href="#intro" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">1 Ââåäåíèå. |
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| <h1>Ñîäåðæàíèå</h1> |
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| <div id="contents"> |
| <a href="#intro">1 Ââåäåíèå. |
| 1.1 Èñòîðèÿ ñîçäàíèÿ è ðàçâèòèÿ.</A> |
| <A href="#1.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">1.2 ×òî òàêîå C--?</a> |
| <A href="#1.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">1.3 Êàê óñòàíîâèòü C--.</a> |
| <a href="#1.2">1.2 ×òî òàêîå C--?</a> |
| <a href="#1.3">1.3 Êàê óñòàíîâèòü C--.</a> |
| <A name=contents2> |
| <A href="#2.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2. Óïðàâëåíèå êîìïèëÿöèåé. |
| <a href="#2.1">2. Óïðàâëåíèå êîìïèëÿöèåé. |
| 2.1 Ïàðàìåòðû êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè êîìïèëÿòîðà C--.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.1 /ON - Îïòèìèçàöèÿ ÷èñëîâûõ âûðàæåíèé.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.2 /DE - Âðåìåííîå ðàñøèðåíèå ðàçðÿäíîñòè ïåðåìåííîé.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.3 /ARGC - Àëüòåðíàòèâíûé îáðàáîò÷èê êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.4 /OST - ñëèÿíèå îäèíàêîâûõ ñòðîêîâûõ êîíñòàíò.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.5 /D - óñòàíîâêà èäåíòèôèêàòîðà â TRUE èç êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.6 /IA - óïðîùåííûé ââîä àññåìáëåðíûõ èíñòðóêöèé.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.7 /CRI - ïðîïóñê ïîâòîðíî âêëþ÷àåìîãî ôàéëà.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.8 /IND - èìïîðò èìåí ïðîöåäóð èç DLL.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.9 /WS - çàäàòü èìÿ stub ôàéëà äëÿ ïðîãðàìì ïîä windows.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.10" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.10 /WBSS - ðàçìåñòèòü íå èíèöèàëèçèðîâàííûå äàííûå â îòäåëüíîé ñåêöèè.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.11 /DBG - ñîçäàíèå îòëàäî÷íîé èíôîðìàöèè.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.12 /J0 /J1 /J2.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.13" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.13 /LST - Ñîçäàíèå àññåìáëåðíîãî ëèñòèíãà.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.14" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.14 /ENV - Ñîõðàíåíèå àäðåñà ïåðåìåííûõ îêðóæåíèÿ.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.15" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.15 /CPA - Î÷èñòêà post-îáëàñòè äàííûõ.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.16" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.16 /W - âûâîä ïðåäóïðåæäåíèé.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.17" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.17 /NW - Âûáîðî÷íîå îòêëþ÷åíèå òèïîâ ïðåäóïðåæäåíèé.</a> |
| <A href="#2.1.18" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.1.18 /WSI - êîðîòêàÿ òàáëèöà èìïîðòà.</a> |
| <A href="#2.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2 Äèðåêòèâû òðàíñëÿòîðà.</a> |
| <A href="#2.2.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.1 ?ifdef/?ifndef</a> |
| <A href="#2.2.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.2 ?initallvar</a> |
| <A href="#2.2.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.3 ?usestartup</a> |
| <A href="#2.2.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.4 ?startusevar</a> |
| <A href="#2.2.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.5 ?atexit</a> |
| <A href="#2.2.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.6 ?startuptomain</a> |
| <A href="#2.2.7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.7 ?undef</a> |
| <A href="#2.2.8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.8 ?align è ?aligncode</a> |
| <A href="#2.2.9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">2.2.9 ?pragma</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.1">2.1.1 /ON - Îïòèìèçàöèÿ ÷èñëîâûõ âûðàæåíèé.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.2">2.1.2 /DE - Âðåìåííîå ðàñøèðåíèå ðàçðÿäíîñòè ïåðåìåííîé.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.3">2.1.3 /ARGC - Àëüòåðíàòèâíûé îáðàáîò÷èê êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.4">2.1.4 /OST - ñëèÿíèå îäèíàêîâûõ ñòðîêîâûõ êîíñòàíò.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.5">2.1.5 /D - óñòàíîâêà èäåíòèôèêàòîðà â TRUE èç êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.6">2.1.6 /IA - óïðîùåííûé ââîä àññåìáëåðíûõ èíñòðóêöèé.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.7">2.1.7 /CRI - ïðîïóñê ïîâòîðíî âêëþ÷àåìîãî ôàéëà.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.8">2.1.8 /IND - èìïîðò èìåí ïðîöåäóð èç DLL.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.9">2.1.9 /WS - çàäàòü èìÿ stub ôàéëà äëÿ ïðîãðàìì ïîä windows.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.10">2.1.10 /WBSS - ðàçìåñòèòü íå èíèöèàëèçèðîâàííûå äàííûå â îòäåëüíîé ñåêöèè.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.11">2.1.11 /DBG - ñîçäàíèå îòëàäî÷íîé èíôîðìàöèè.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.12">2.1.12 /J0 /J1 /J2.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.13">2.1.13 /LST - Ñîçäàíèå àññåìáëåðíîãî ëèñòèíãà.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.14">2.1.14 /ENV - Ñîõðàíåíèå àäðåñà ïåðåìåííûõ îêðóæåíèÿ.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.15">2.1.15 /CPA - Î÷èñòêà post-îáëàñòè äàííûõ.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.16">2.1.16 /W - âûâîä ïðåäóïðåæäåíèé.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.17">2.1.17 /NW - Âûáîðî÷íîå îòêëþ÷åíèå òèïîâ ïðåäóïðåæäåíèé.</a> |
| <a href="#2.1.18">2.1.18 /WSI - êîðîòêàÿ òàáëèöà èìïîðòà.</a> |
| <a href="#2.2">2.2 Äèðåêòèâû òðàíñëÿòîðà.</a> |
| <a href="#2.2.1">2.2.1 ?ifdef/?ifndef</a> |
| <a href="#2.2.2">2.2.2 ?initallvar</a> |
| <a href="#2.2.3">2.2.3 ?usestartup</a> |
| <a href="#2.2.4">2.2.4 ?startusevar</a> |
| <a href="#2.2.5">2.2.5 ?atexit</a> |
| <a href="#2.2.6">2.2.6 ?startuptomain</a> |
| <a href="#2.2.7">2.2.7 ?undef</a> |
| <a href="#2.2.8">2.2.8 ?align è ?aligncode</a> |
| <a href="#2.2.9">2.2.9 ?pragma</a> |
| <A name=contents3> |
| <A href="#3.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">3. Êîíñòàíòû. |
| <a href="#3.1">3. Êîíñòàíòû. |
| 3.1 ×èñëîâûå êîíñòàíòû.</a> |
| <A href="#3.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">3.2 Ñèìâîëüíûå êîíñòàíòû.</a> |
| <A href="#3.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">3.3 Ñòðîêîâûå êîíñòàíòû.</a> |
| <A href="#3.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">3.4 Ïîñòîÿííûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a> |
| <a href="#3.2">3.2 Ñèìâîëüíûå êîíñòàíòû.</a> |
| <a href="#3.3">3.3 Ñòðîêîâûå êîíñòàíòû.</a> |
| <a href="#3.4">3.4 Ïîñòîÿííûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a> |
| <A name=contents4> |
| <A href="#4.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4. Âûðàæåíèÿ. |
| <a href="#4.1">4. Âûðàæåíèÿ. |
| 4.1 Òèïû âûðàæåíèé.</a> |
| <A href="#4.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4.2 Âûðàæåíèÿ òèïà EAX/AX/AL.</a> |
| <A href="#4.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4.3 Âûðàæåíèÿ èñïîëüçóþùèå ïîëó÷àòåëü ïðè âû÷èñëåíèè âûðàæåíèÿ.</a> |
| <A href="#4.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4.4 Íå - EAX/AX/AL âûðàæåíèÿ.</a> |
| <A href="#4.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4.5 Óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a> |
| <A href="#4.5.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4.5.1 Ïðîñòûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a> |
| <A href="#4.5.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4.5.2 Ñëîæíûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a> |
| <A href="#4.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4.6 Èçìåíåíèå òèïà âûðàæåíèÿ ïðè ïðèñâàèâàíèè.</a> |
| <A href="#4.7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">4.7 Âû÷èñëåíèå â ðåãèñòðû EAX/AX/AL ñî çíàêîì.</a> |
| <a href="#4.2">4.2 Âûðàæåíèÿ òèïà EAX/AX/AL.</a> |
| <a href="#4.3">4.3 Âûðàæåíèÿ èñïîëüçóþùèå ïîëó÷àòåëü ïðè âû÷èñëåíèè âûðàæåíèÿ.</a> |
| <a href="#4.4">4.4 Íå - EAX/AX/AL âûðàæåíèÿ.</a> |
| <a href="#4.5">4.5 Óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a> |
| <a href="#4.5.1">4.5.1 Ïðîñòûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a> |
| <a href="#4.5.2">4.5.2 Ñëîæíûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a> |
| <a href="#4.6">4.6 Èçìåíåíèå òèïà âûðàæåíèÿ ïðè ïðèñâàèâàíèè.</a> |
| <a href="#4.7">4.7 Âû÷èñëåíèå â ðåãèñòðû EAX/AX/AL ñî çíàêîì.</a> |
| <A name=contents5> |
| <A href="#5.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">5. Èäåíòèôèêàòîðû. |
| <a href="#5.1">5. Èäåíòèôèêàòîðû. |
| 5.1 Ôîðìàò èäåíòèôèêàòîðà.</a> |
| <A href="#5.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">5.2 Çàðåçåðâèðîâàííûå èäåíòèôèêàòîðû.</a> |
| <A href="#5.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">5.3 Óíèâåðñàëüíûå ðåãèñòðû äëÿ 16 è 32-áèòíîãî ðåæèìà.</a> |
| <A href="#5.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">5.4 Ïðåäîïðåäåëåííûå èäåíòèôèêàòîðû.</a> |
| <a href="#5.2">5.2 Çàðåçåðâèðîâàííûå èäåíòèôèêàòîðû.</a> |
| <a href="#5.3">5.3 Óíèâåðñàëüíûå ðåãèñòðû äëÿ 16 è 32-áèòíîãî ðåæèìà.</a> |
| <a href="#5.4">5.4 Ïðåäîïðåäåëåííûå èäåíòèôèêàòîðû.</a> |
| <A name=contents6> |
| <A href="#6.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6. Ïåðåìåííûå. |
| <a href="#6.1">6. Ïåðåìåííûå. |
| 6.1 Òèïû ïåðåìåííûõ.</a> |
| <A href="#6.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.2 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïåðåìåííûõ.</a> |
| <A href="#6.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.3 Ãëîáàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå.</a> |
| <A href="#6.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.4 Ëîêàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå.</a> |
| <A href="#6.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.5 Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïåðåìåííûå è ñòðóêòóðû.</a> |
| <A href="#6.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.6 Ïðèñâàèâàíèå îäíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ íåñêîëüêèì ïåðåìåííûì.</a> |
| <A href="#6.7.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.7 Ïåðåìåííûå òèïà float. |
| <a href="#6.2">6.2 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïåðåìåííûõ.</a> |
| <a href="#6.3">6.3 Ãëîáàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå.</a> |
| <a href="#6.4">6.4 Ëîêàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå.</a> |
| <a href="#6.5">6.5 Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïåðåìåííûå è ñòðóêòóðû.</a> |
| <a href="#6.6">6.6 Ïðèñâàèâàíèå îäíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ íåñêîëüêèì ïåðåìåííûì.</a> |
| <a href="#6.7.1">6.7 Ïåðåìåííûå òèïà float. |
| 6.7.1 Ôîðìàò ïåðåìåííûõ òèïà float.</a> |
| <A href="#6.7.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.7.2 Êîíñòàíòû ñ ïëàâàþùåé òî÷êîé.</a> |
| <A href="#6.7.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.7.3 Äèàïàçîí äîïóñòèìûõ çíà÷åíèé.</a> |
| <A href="#6.7.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.7.4 Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå îïåðàöèè.</a> |
| <A href="#6.7.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.7.5 Ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ òèïîâ.</a> |
| <A href="#6.7.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.7.6 Îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ.</a> |
| <A href="#6.7.7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.7.7 Ñðàâíåíèå ïåðåìåííûõ òèïà float ñ 32-áèòíûì ðåãèñòðîì.</a> |
| <A href="#6.8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">6.8 Óêàçàòåëè.</a> |
| <a href="#6.7.2">6.7.2 Êîíñòàíòû ñ ïëàâàþùåé òî÷êîé.</a> |
| <a href="#6.7.3">6.7.3 Äèàïàçîí äîïóñòèìûõ çíà÷åíèé.</a> |
| <a href="#6.7.4">6.7.4 Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå îïåðàöèè.</a> |
| <a href="#6.7.5">6.7.5 Ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ òèïîâ.</a> |
| <a href="#6.7.6">6.7.6 Îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ.</a> |
| <a href="#6.7.7">6.7.7 Ñðàâíåíèå ïåðåìåííûõ òèïà float ñ 32-áèòíûì ðåãèñòðîì.</a> |
| <a href="#6.8">6.8 Óêàçàòåëè.</a> |
| <A name=contents7> |
| <A href="#7.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">7. Àäðåñàöèÿ. |
| <a href="#7.1">7. Àäðåñàöèÿ. |
| 7.1 Îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ àäðåñàöèÿ.</a> |
| <A href="#7.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">7.2 Àáñîëþòíàÿ àäðåñàöèÿ.</a> |
| <a href="#7.2">7.2 Àáñîëþòíàÿ àäðåñàöèÿ.</a> |
| <A name=contents8> |
| <A href="#8.1.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8. Ðàáîòà ñ áëîêàìè äàííûõ. |
| <a href="#8.1.1">8. Ðàáîòà ñ áëîêàìè äàííûõ. |
| 8.1 Ñòðóêòóðû. |
| 8.1.1 ×òî òàêîå ñòðóêòóðû.</a> |
| <A href="#8.1.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.1.2 Ñèíòàêñèñ.</a> |
| <A href="#8.1.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.1.3 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ ñòðóêòóð ïðè îáúÿâëåíèè.</a> |
| <A href="#8.1.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.1.4 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ ñòðóêòóðû ïðè âûïîëíåíèè ïðîãðàììû.</a> |
| <A href="#8.1.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.1.5 Îïåðàöèè ñ ýëåìåíòàìè ñòðóêòóð.</a> |
| <A href="#8.1.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.1.6 Âëîæåííûå ñòðóêòóðû.</a> |
| <A href="#8.1.7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.1.7 Îòîáðàæåíèå òåãà ñòðóêòóðû íà áëîê ïàìÿòè.</a> |
| <A href="#8.1.8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.1.8 Áèòîâûå ïîëÿ ñòðóêòóð.</a> |
| <A href="#8.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.2 Îáúåäèíåíèÿ.</a> |
| <A href="#8.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">8.3 Êîìàíäû FROM è EXTRACT.</a> |
| <a href="#8.1.2">8.1.2 Ñèíòàêñèñ.</a> |
| <a href="#8.1.3">8.1.3 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ ñòðóêòóð ïðè îáúÿâëåíèè.</a> |
| <a href="#8.1.4">8.1.4 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ ñòðóêòóðû ïðè âûïîëíåíèè ïðîãðàììû.</a> |
| <a href="#8.1.5">8.1.5 Îïåðàöèè ñ ýëåìåíòàìè ñòðóêòóð.</a> |
| <a href="#8.1.6">8.1.6 Âëîæåííûå ñòðóêòóðû.</a> |
| <a href="#8.1.7">8.1.7 Îòîáðàæåíèå òåãà ñòðóêòóðû íà áëîê ïàìÿòè.</a> |
| <a href="#8.1.8">8.1.8 Áèòîâûå ïîëÿ ñòðóêòóð.</a> |
| <a href="#8.2">8.2 Îáúåäèíåíèÿ.</a> |
| <a href="#8.3">8.3 Êîìàíäû FROM è EXTRACT.</a> |
| <A name=contents9> |
| <A href="#9.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9. Îïåðàòîðû. |
| <a href="#9.1">9. Îïåðàòîðû. |
| 9.1 Óñëîâíûå èíñòðóêöèè.</a> |
| <A href="#9.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.2 Öèêëû do{} while.</a> |
| <A href="#9.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.3 Öèêëû loop, LOOPNZ, loopnz.</a> |
| <A href="#9.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.4 Öèêë while, WHILE.</a> |
| <A href="#9.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.5 Öèêë for, FOR.</a> |
| <A href="#9.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.6 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåêëþ÷àòåëü switch.</a> |
| <A href="#9.7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.7 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåõîäà goto, GOTO.</a> |
| <A href="#9.8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.8 Îïåðàòîð ðàçðûâà break, BREAK.</a> |
| <A href="#9.9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.9 Îïåðàòîð ïðîäîëæåíèÿ continue, CONTINUE.</a> |
| <A href="#9.10" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.10 Ëîãè÷åñêîå îáúåäèíåíèå óñëîâèé.</a> |
| <A href="#9.11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.11 Ïåðåõîä ÷åðåç öèêëû.</a> |
| <A href="#9.12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.12 Èíâåðòèðîâàíèå ôëàãà ïðîâåðêè óñëîâèé.</a> |
| <A href="#9.13" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.13 Âû÷èñëåíèå âûðàæåíèÿ, à çàòåì ïðîâåðêà óñëîâèÿ.</a> |
| <A href="#9.14" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.14 Ïðîâåðêà áèòîâ ïðè îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ.</a> |
| <A href="#9.15" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.15 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåñòàíîâêè.</a> |
| <A href="#9.16" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.16 Îïåðàòîð îòðèöàíèÿ.</a> |
| <A href="#9.17" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.17 Îïåðàòîð èíâåðñèè.</a> |
| <A href="#9.18" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.18 Ñïåöèàëüíûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a> |
| <A href="#9.19" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.19 Ñèìâîë $ - âñòàâëÿåò òåêóùèé àäðåñ ïðîãðàììû.</a> |
| <A href="#9.20" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.20 Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî static è îïåðàòîð ::.</a> |
| <A href="#9.21" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.21 Îïåðàòîð sizeof.</a> |
| <A href="#9.22" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">9.22 Ìåòêè ïåðåõîäà.</a> |
| <a href="#9.2">9.2 Öèêëû do{} while.</a> |
| <a href="#9.3">9.3 Öèêëû loop, LOOPNZ, loopnz.</a> |
| <a href="#9.4">9.4 Öèêë while, WHILE.</a> |
| <a href="#9.5">9.5 Öèêë for, FOR.</a> |
| <a href="#9.6">9.6 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåêëþ÷àòåëü switch.</a> |
| <a href="#9.7">9.7 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåõîäà goto, GOTO.</a> |
| <a href="#9.8">9.8 Îïåðàòîð ðàçðûâà break, BREAK.</a> |
| <a href="#9.9">9.9 Îïåðàòîð ïðîäîëæåíèÿ continue, CONTINUE.</a> |
| <a href="#9.10">9.10 Ëîãè÷åñêîå îáúåäèíåíèå óñëîâèé.</a> |
| <a href="#9.11">9.11 Ïåðåõîä ÷åðåç öèêëû.</a> |
| <a href="#9.12">9.12 Èíâåðòèðîâàíèå ôëàãà ïðîâåðêè óñëîâèé.</a> |
| <a href="#9.13">9.13 Âû÷èñëåíèå âûðàæåíèÿ, à çàòåì ïðîâåðêà óñëîâèÿ.</a> |
| <a href="#9.14">9.14 Ïðîâåðêà áèòîâ ïðè îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ.</a> |
| <a href="#9.15">9.15 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåñòàíîâêè.</a> |
| <a href="#9.16">9.16 Îïåðàòîð îòðèöàíèÿ.</a> |
| <a href="#9.17">9.17 Îïåðàòîð èíâåðñèè.</a> |
| <a href="#9.18">9.18 Ñïåöèàëüíûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ.</a> |
| <a href="#9.19">9.19 Ñèìâîë $ - âñòàâëÿåò òåêóùèé àäðåñ ïðîãðàììû.</a> |
| <a href="#9.20">9.20 Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî static è îïåðàòîð ::.</a> |
| <a href="#9.21">9.21 Îïåðàòîð sizeof.</a> |
| <a href="#9.22">9.22 Ìåòêè ïåðåõîäà.</a> |
| <A name=contents10> |
| <A href="#10.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">10. Àññåìáëåð. |
| <a href="#10.1">10. Àññåìáëåð. |
| 10.1 Ïîääåðæêà êîìàíä àññåìáëåðà.</a> |
| <A href="#10.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">10.2 Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî asm.</a> |
| <A href="#10.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">10.3 Ïðåôèêñ dup - ïîâòîðåíèå èíñòðóêöèé DB/DW/DD.</a> |
| <A href="#10.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">10.4 Èíñòðóêöèè ïðîöåññîðà Pentium III.</a> |
| <a href="#10.2">10.2 Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî asm.</a> |
| <a href="#10.3">10.3 Ïðåôèêñ dup - ïîâòîðåíèå èíñòðóêöèé DB/DW/DD.</a> |
| <a href="#10.4">10.4 Èíñòðóêöèè ïðîöåññîðà Pentium III.</a> |
| <A name=contents11> |
| <A href="#11.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11. Ïðîöåäóðû. |
| <a href="#11.1">11. Ïðîöåäóðû. |
| 11.1 Òèïû ïðîöåäóð, ôóíêöèé è ìàêðîêîìàíä.</a> |
| <A href="#11.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.2 Ñòåêîâûå ïðîöåäóðû.</a> |
| <A href="#11.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.3 Ðåãèñòðîâûå ïðîöåäóðû.</a> |
| <A href="#11.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.4 Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåäóðû.</a> |
| <A href="#11.4.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.4.1 Óñòàíîâêà äèíàìè÷åñêîé ïðîöåäóðû â îïðåäåëåííîå ìåñòî ïðîãðàììû.</a> |
| <A href="#11.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.5 inline-ïðîöåäóðû.</a> |
| <A href="#11.5.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.5.1 Äðóãîå ïðèìåíåíèå inline.</a> |
| <A href="#11.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.6 Ïðîöåäóðû îáðàáîòêè ïðåðûâàíèé.</a> |
| <A href="#11.7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.7 Çàìåíà return íà goto.</a> |
| <A href="#11.8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.8 Âîçâðàùàåìûå çíà÷åíèÿ.</a> |
| <A href="#11.9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.9 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ â ðåãèñòðîâûõ ïðîöåäóðàõ.</a> |
| <A href="#11.10" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.10 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ â ñòåêîâûõ ïðîöåäóðàõ.</a> |
| <A href="#11.11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.11 Èñïîëüçîâàíèå ìàêðîêîìàíä.</a> |
| <A href="#11.12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.12 Ïåðåäà÷à ïàðàìåòðîâ â ñòåêîâûå ïðîöåäóðû ÷åðåç ðåãèñòðû.</a> |
| <A href="#11.13" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.13 Âûçîâ ïðîöåäóð ñ àäðåñîì â ðåãèñòðå.</a> |
| <A href="#11.14" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.14 Âñòîåííûå â êîìïèëÿòîð ïðîöåäóðû.</a> |
| <A href="#11.14.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.14.1 Ïðîöåäóðû ABORT, ATEXIT è EXIT.</a> |
| <A href="#11.14.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.14.2 Ïðîöåäóðû inp/inportb, inport, inportd, outp/outportb, outport è |
| <a href="#11.2">11.2 Ñòåêîâûå ïðîöåäóðû.</a> |
| <a href="#11.3">11.3 Ðåãèñòðîâûå ïðîöåäóðû.</a> |
| <a href="#11.4">11.4 Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåäóðû.</a> |
| <a href="#11.4.1">11.4.1 Óñòàíîâêà äèíàìè÷åñêîé ïðîöåäóðû â îïðåäåëåííîå ìåñòî ïðîãðàììû.</a> |
| <a href="#11.5">11.5 inline-ïðîöåäóðû.</a> |
| <a href="#11.5.1">11.5.1 Äðóãîå ïðèìåíåíèå inline.</a> |
| <a href="#11.6">11.6 Ïðîöåäóðû îáðàáîòêè ïðåðûâàíèé.</a> |
| <a href="#11.7">11.7 Çàìåíà return íà goto.</a> |
| <a href="#11.8">11.8 Âîçâðàùàåìûå çíà÷åíèÿ.</a> |
| <a href="#11.9">11.9 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ â ðåãèñòðîâûõ ïðîöåäóðàõ.</a> |
| <a href="#11.10">11.10 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ â ñòåêîâûõ ïðîöåäóðàõ.</a> |
| <a href="#11.11">11.11 Èñïîëüçîâàíèå ìàêðîêîìàíä.</a> |
| <a href="#11.12">11.12 Ïåðåäà÷à ïàðàìåòðîâ â ñòåêîâûå ïðîöåäóðû ÷åðåç ðåãèñòðû.</a> |
| <a href="#11.13">11.13 Âûçîâ ïðîöåäóð ñ àäðåñîì â ðåãèñòðå.</a> |
| <a href="#11.14">11.14 Âñòîåííûå â êîìïèëÿòîð ïðîöåäóðû.</a> |
| <a href="#11.14.1">11.14.1 Ïðîöåäóðû ABORT, ATEXIT è EXIT.</a> |
| <a href="#11.14.2">11.14.2 Ïðîöåäóðû inp/inportb, inport, inportd, outp/outportb, outport è |
| outportd.</a> |
| <A href="#11.14.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.14.3 Ïðîöåäóðû äëÿ ðàáîòû ñ âåùåñòâåííûìè ÷èñëàìè.</a> |
| <A href="#11.15.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.15 Êëàññû. |
| <a href="#11.14.3">11.14.3 Ïðîöåäóðû äëÿ ðàáîòû ñ âåùåñòâåííûìè ÷èñëàìè.</a> |
| <a href="#11.15.1">11.15 Êëàññû. |
| 11.15.1 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïðîöåäóð â ñòðóêòóðàõ.</a> |
| <A href="#11.15.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.15.2 Íàñëåäîâàíèå.</a> |
| <A href="#11.15.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">11.15.3 Íàñëåäîâàíèå ïðîöåäóð.</a> |
| <a href="#11.15.2">11.15.2 Íàñëåäîâàíèå.</a> |
| <a href="#11.15.3">11.15.3 Íàñëåäîâàíèå ïðîöåäóð.</a> |
| <A name=contents12> |
| <A href="#12.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12. Òèïû âûõîäíûõ ôàéëîâ. |
| <a href="#12.1">12. Òèïû âûõîäíûõ ôàéëîâ. |
| 12.1 Âûõîäíûå ôàéëû òèïà COM.</a> |
| <A href="#12.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.2 Âûõîäíûå ôàéëû òèïà EXE.</a> |
| <A href="#12.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.3 Âûõîäíîé ôàéë *.EXE ñ ìîäåëüþ ïàìÿòè tiny.</a> |
| <A href="#12.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.4 Îáúåêòíûé âûõîäíîé ôàéë OBJ.</a> |
| <A href="#12.5.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.5 COM ôàéë symbiosis. |
| <a href="#12.2">12.2 Âûõîäíûå ôàéëû òèïà EXE.</a> |
| <a href="#12.3">12.3 Âûõîäíîé ôàéë *.EXE ñ ìîäåëüþ ïàìÿòè tiny.</a> |
| <a href="#12.4">12.4 Îáúåêòíûé âûõîäíîé ôàéë OBJ.</a> |
| <a href="#12.5.1">12.5 COM ôàéë symbiosis. |
| 12.5.1 ÑÈÌÁÈÎÇ - ÷òî ýòî òàêîå?</a> |
| <A href="#12.5.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.5.2 Êàê ýòî äåëàòü.</a> |
| <A href="#12.5.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.5.3 Èñïîëüçîâàíèå.</a> |
| <A href="#12.5.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.5.4 Çëîóïîòðåáëåíèÿ.</a> |
| <A href="#12.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.6 SYS - äðàéâåðû óñòðîéñòâ.</a> |
| <A href="#12.7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.7 Êîìïèëÿöèÿ êîäà ðàñøèðèòåëåé ROM-BIOS.</a> |
| <A href="#12.8.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.8 32-áèòíûå ôàéëû. |
| <a href="#12.5.2">12.5.2 Êàê ýòî äåëàòü.</a> |
| <a href="#12.5.3">12.5.3 Èñïîëüçîâàíèå.</a> |
| <a href="#12.5.4">12.5.4 Çëîóïîòðåáëåíèÿ.</a> |
| <a href="#12.6">12.6 SYS - äðàéâåðû óñòðîéñòâ.</a> |
| <a href="#12.7">12.7 Êîìïèëÿöèÿ êîäà ðàñøèðèòåëåé ROM-BIOS.</a> |
| <a href="#12.8.1">12.8 32-áèòíûå ôàéëû. |
| 12.8.1 32-áèòíûé êîä ïîä DOS.</a> |
| <A href="#12.8.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.8.2 32-áèòíûé êîä ïîä Windows.</a> |
| <A href="#12.8.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.8.3 Âûçîâ API ïðîöåäóð ïî îðäèíàëàì.</a> |
| <A href="#12.8.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.8.4 Ñîçäàíèå DLL ïîä Windows.</a> |
| <A href="#12.8.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.8.5 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ DLL ïðè çàãðóçêå.</a> |
| <A href="#12.8.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.8.6 Êîìïèëÿöèÿ ðåñóðñîâ.</a> |
| <A href="#12.9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">12.9 Âûõîäíûå ôàéëû äëÿ MeOS.</a> |
| <a href="#12.8.2">12.8.2 32-áèòíûé êîä ïîä Windows.</a> |
| <a href="#12.8.3">12.8.3 Âûçîâ API ïðîöåäóð ïî îðäèíàëàì.</a> |
| <a href="#12.8.4">12.8.4 Ñîçäàíèå DLL ïîä Windows.</a> |
| <a href="#12.8.5">12.8.5 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ DLL ïðè çàãðóçêå.</a> |
| <a href="#12.8.6">12.8.6 Êîìïèëÿöèÿ ðåñóðñîâ.</a> |
| <a href="#12.9">12.9 Âûõîäíûå ôàéëû äëÿ MeOS.</a> |
| <A name=contents13> |
| <A href="#13.1" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">13. Ïðèëîæåíèÿ. |
| <a href="#13.1">13. Ïðèëîæåíèÿ. |
| 13.1 Ïîèñê âêëþ÷àåìûõ ôàéëîâ.</a> |
| <A href="#13.2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">13.2 Ðåãèñòðû, êîòîðûå äîëæíû áûòü ñîõðàíåíû.</a> |
| <A href="#13.3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">13.3 C--.ini ôàéë.</a> |
| <A href="#13.4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">13.4 startup.h-- ôàéë.</a> |
| <A href="#13.5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">13.5 mainlib.ldp ôàéë.</a> |
| <A href="#13.6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">13.6 C-- ñèìâîëû.</a> |
| </FONT></B> |
| <a href="#13.2">13.2 Ðåãèñòðû, êîòîðûå äîëæíû áûòü ñîõðàíåíû.</a> |
| <a href="#13.3">13.3 C--.ini ôàéë.</a> |
| <a href="#13.4">13.4 startup.h-- ôàéë.</a> |
| <a href="#13.5">13.5 mainlib.ldp ôàéë.</a> |
| <a href="#13.6">13.6 C-- ñèìâîëû.</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=intro>1. Âñòóïëåíèå. |
| <h2 id=intro>1. Âñòóïëåíèå. |
| |
| 1.1 Èñòîðèÿ ñîçäàíèÿ è ðàçâèòèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Àâòîðîì ÿçûêà SPHINX C-- ÿâëÿåòñÿ Peter Cellik (CANADA). Ïîñëåäíÿÿ |
| àâòîðñêàÿ âåðñèÿ SPHINX C-- v0.203 îò 28.Oct.96. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ àâòîð |
| 251,12 → 250,12 |
|---|
| ïðåäëîæåíèå áóäåò öåííûì (íà ìîé âçãëÿä, òàê ÷òî Âàì ïðèäåòñÿ ñâîå |
| ïðåäëîæåíèå õîðîøî àðãóìåíòèðîâàòü) è åãî áóäåò âîçìîæíûì ðåàëèçîâàòü, îíî |
| áåç ñîìíåíèÿ íàéäåò ìåñòî â êîìïèëÿòîðå. |
| <A href="#contents" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=1.2> |
| <h2 id=1.2> |
| 1.2 ×òî òàêîå C--? |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| C-- áûë ðàçðàáîòàí, äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû ñòðîèòü ìàëåíüêèå è áûñòðûå |
| ïðîãðàììû. Ýòî íàèáîëåå ïîäõîäèò äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ ðåçèäåíòíûõ ïðîãðàìì (TSR), |
| 280,12 → 279,12 |
|---|
| C-- ðàçðàáîòàí òîëüêî äëÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ íà êîìïüþòåðàõ ñ ïðîöåññîðàìè |
| ñîâìåñòèìûìè ñ ñåìåéñòâîì 80x86. Êîìïèëÿòîð ìîæåò ðàáîòàòü òîëüêî ñ |
| îïåðàöèîííûìè ñèñòåìàìè DOS è ñåìåéñòâîì Windows. |
| <A href="#contents" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
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| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=1.3> |
| <h2 id=1.3> |
| 1.3 Êàê óñòàíîâèòü C--. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Êîìïèëÿòîðó C-- äëÿ ðàáîòû íóæíû ñîâñåì íåçíà÷èòåëüíûå ðåñóðñû: |
| ïðîöåññîð 386 èëè ëó÷øå, ÷óòü áîëåå 1 Ìá äèñêîâîãî ïðîñòðàíñòâà è 4Ìá |
| 320,14 → 319,14 |
|---|
| êîìïèëÿòîðà íåò. Ñóùåñòâóåò íåñêîëüêî äðóãèõ ñïîñîáîâ, óêàçàòü êîìïèëÿòîðó |
| ìåñòî ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ áèáëèîòåê. Ïîýòîìó îïðåäåëÿòü èëè íå îïðåäåëÿòü |
| ïåðåìåííóþ îêðóæåíèÿ äåëî âàøåãî âêóñà è ïðèâû÷åê. |
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| <a href="#contents"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1> |
| <h2 id=2.1> |
| 2. Óïðàâëåíèå êîìïèëÿöèåé. |
| |
| 2.1 Ïàðàìåòðû êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè êîìïèëÿòîðà C--. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ôîðìàò êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè âûçîâà êîìïèëÿòîðà C--: |
| |
| 498,12 → 497,12 |
|---|
| |
| Ïàðàìåòðû êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè ìîæíî ïèñàòü êàê áîëüøèìè, òàê è |
| ìàëåíüêèìè áóêâàìè. |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.1> |
| <h2 id=2.1.1> |
| 2.1.1 /ON - Îïòèìèçàöèÿ ÷èñëîâûõ âûðàæåíèé. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïðè âêëþ÷åíèè â êîìàíäíóþ ñòðîêó îïöèè <b>/ON</b> èëè â ôàéë C--.INI ñòðî÷êè |
| <b>ON</b>, êîìïèëÿòîð áóäåò àíàëèçèðîâàòü îïåðàöèè íàä ÷èñëàìè è ãäå ýòî |
| 543,12 → 542,12 |
|---|
| AX = AX / 16; |
| AX = AX * 16; |
| var = AX; |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.2> |
| <h2 id=2.1.2> |
| 2.1.2 /DE - Âðåìåííîå ðàñøèðåíèå ðàçðÿäíîñòè ïåðåìåííîé. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Êàê èçâåñòíî, ïîñëå óìíîæåíèÿ ìîæåò ïðîèçîéòè ïåðåïîëíåíèå, ò.å |
| ðàçðÿäíîñòü ðåçóëüòàòà ìîæåò ïðåâûñèòü ðàçðÿäíîñòü èñõîäíûõ îïåðàíäîâ è |
| 572,12 → 571,12 |
|---|
| åñëè çíà÷åíèÿ ïåðåìåííûõ b = 0xC000, c = 0x1000, d=0x10, ïîñëå çàïóñêà |
| òàêàÿ ïðîãðàììà çàâèñíåò ñ ñîîáùåíèåì î òîì, ÷òî ïðîèçîøëî ïåðåïîëíåíèå |
| ïðè äåëåíèè. |
| <A href="#contents2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.3> |
| <h2 id=2.1.3> |
| 2.1.3 /ARGC - Àëüòåðíàòèâíûé îáðàáîò÷èê êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Îòëè÷èå ýòîãî îáðàáîò÷èêà êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè îò <b>parsecommandline</b> |
| çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â òîì, ÷òî ïðè âûçîâå <b>PARAMSTR(0)</b>; Âû ïîëó÷èòå àäðåñ ñòðîêè â |
| 589,12 → 588,12 |
|---|
| Àëüòåðíàòèâíûé îáðàáîò÷èê êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè âêëþ÷àåòñÿ äèðåêòèâîé |
| <b>?argc TRUE</b> èëè èç êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè êîìïèëÿòîðà êëþ÷îì <b>/argc</b> èëè |
| ñòðî÷êîé <b>argc</b> â ôàéëå C--.INI. |
| <A href="#contents2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.4> |
| <h2 id=2.1.4> |
| 2.1.4 /OST - ñëèÿíèå îäèíàêîâûõ ñòðîêîâûõ êîíñòàíò. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Åñëè ýòîò ðåæèì îïòèìèçàöèè áóäåò àêòèâèçèðîâàí, òî êîìïèëÿòîð áóäåò |
| çàïîìèíàòü âñå ñòðîêîâûå êîíñòàíòû è ïðè îáíàðóæåíèè îäèíàêîâûõ â êîä |
| 609,7 → 608,7 |
|---|
| //îïòèìèçàöèè. |
| |
| void proc(){ |
| WRITESTR("test"); // ýòà ñòðîêà áóäåò ó÷àñòâîâàòü â îïòèìèçàöèè. |
| WRITESTR("test"); // ýòà ñòðîêà áóäåò ó÷àñòâîâàòü â îïòèìèçàöèè. |
| AX="test"; // ïåðåìåííîé AX áóäåò ïðèñâîåí àäðåñ ñòðîêè, |
| // êîòîðàÿ áûëà âñòàâëåíà â êîä ïðîãðàììû â |
| // ïðåäûäóùåé ñòðîêå. |
| 621,12 → 620,12 |
|---|
| Âêëþ÷àåòñÿ ýòîò ðåæèì îïòèìèçàöèè ëèáî ñ êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè <b>/ost</b>, ëèáî |
| äèðåêòèâîé <b>#pragma option ost</b>, ëèáî ñòðîêîé â ôàéëå c--.ini - <b>ost</b>. |
| Îòêëþ÷èòü, âêëþ÷åííûé ðàíåå, ýòîò ðåæèì ìîæíî äèðåêòèâîé <b>#pragma option ost-</b>. |
| <A href="#contents2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.5> |
| <h2 id=2.1.5> |
| 2.1.5 /D - óñòàíîâêà èäåíòèôèêàòîðà â TRUE èç êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Åñëè Âû íàïèñàëè ïðîãðàììó, êîòîðàÿ ìîæåò êîìïèëèðîâàòüñÿ ïî ðàçíîìó, |
| â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ñîñòîÿíèÿ íåêîòîðûõ èäåíòèôèêàòîðîâ (èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ðåæèì |
| 636,12 → 635,12 |
|---|
| ïðîãðàììû. |
| |
| Èäåíòèôèêàòîð ââîäèòñÿ ñ êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè êëþ÷îì <b>/d=idname</b>. |
| <A href="#contents2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.6> |
| <h2 id=2.1.6> |
| 2.1.6 /IA - óïðîùåííûé ââîä àññåìáëåðíûõ èíñòðóêöèé. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñòàëî âîçìîæíûì èñïîëüçîâàòü àññåìáëåðíûå èíñòðóêöèè áåç ïðåôèêñà <b>$</b> |
| è âíå áëîêà <b>asm</b>. Ýòîò ðåæèì âêëþ÷àåòñÿ: ñ êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè îïöèåé <b>/ia</b>; |
| 652,12 → 651,12 |
|---|
| êà÷åñòâå èìåí ïåðåìåííûõ èëè ïðîöåäóð. Àññåìáëåðíûå èíñòðóêöèè êîìïèëÿòîð |
| ðàñïîçíàåò íåçàâèñèìî îò òîãî, íàïèñàíû îíè ìàëåíüêèìè èëè áîëüøèìè |
| áóêâàìè. |
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| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.7> |
| <h2 id=2.1.7> |
| 2.1.7 /CRI - ïðîïóñê ïîâòîðíî âêëþ÷àåìîãî ôàéëà. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| ×àùå âñåãî, ïîâòîðíî âêëþ÷àòü ôàéë â êîìïèëèðóåìûé ïðîåêò, íåò |
| íåîáõîäèìîñòè, íî ýòî èíîãäà ïðîèñõîäèò èç-çà òîãî, ÷òî íåêîòîðûå |
| 671,12 → 670,12 |
|---|
| <b>/cri-</b>, êîòîðàÿ çàïðåùàåò êîìïèëÿòîðó äåëàòü ïðîâåðêó íà ïîâòîðíîå |
| âêëþ÷åíèå. Ñîîòâåòñòâåííî, äëÿ c--.ini ôàéëà, ýòî ìîæíî ñäåëàòü ñòðîêîé |
| <b>cri-</b> èëè äèðåêòèâîé â êîìïèëèðóåìîì ôàéëå - <b>#pragma option cri-</b>. |
| <A href="#contents2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.8> |
| <h2 id=2.1.8> |
| 2.1.8 /IND - èìïîðò èìåí ïðîöåäóð èç DLL. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Åñëè Âû õîòèòå â ñâîåé ïðîãðàììå èñïîëüçîâàòü DLL, äëÿ êîòîðîé íåò |
| çàãîëîâî÷íîãî ôàéëà ñ îïèñàíèåì ïðîöåäóð, òî êîìïèëÿòîð ìîæåò |
| 692,12 → 691,12 |
|---|
| êîíòðîëèðîâàòü ÷èñëî ïàðàìåòðîâ ïåðåäàâàåìûõ ïðîöåäóðå. È, ê ñîæàëåíèþ, |
| êîìïèëÿòîð óìååò èìïîðòèðîâàòü èìåíà èç áèáëèîòåê èìåþùèõ òîëüêî ôîðìàò |
| PE-ôàéëà. |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.9> |
| <h2 id=2.1.9> |
| 2.1.9 /WS - çàäàòü èìÿ stub ôàéëà äëÿ ïðîãðàìì ïîä windows. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Êàê èçâåñòíî, â ïðîãðàììàõ ïîä windows åñòü DOS çàãëóøêà, íàçûâàåìàÿ |
| stub, êîòîðîé ïåðåäàåòñÿ óïðàâëåíèå ïðè çàïóñêå òàêîé ïðîãðàììû â ÷èñòîì |
| 711,12 → 710,12 |
|---|
| |
| Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ó Âàñ ïîÿâèëàñü âîçìîæíîñòü ñîçäàâàòü ïðîãðàììû, |
| ðàáîòàþùèå è ïîä DOS è ïîä windows. |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.10> |
| <h2 id=2.1.10> |
| 2.1.10 /WBSS - ðàçìåñòèòü íå èíèöèàëèçèðîâàííûå äàííûå â îòäåëüíîé ñåêöèè. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñåêöèÿ <b>.bss</b> ñîçäàåòñÿ àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè ïðîãðàìì ñ êëþ÷îì |
| <b>/w32</b>. Åñëè Âû õîòèòå èìåòü ýòó ñåêöèþ è ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè ïðîãðàìì ñ |
| 728,12 → 727,12 |
|---|
| ôàéëà. Òåîðåòè÷åñêè, äëÿ ïðîöåññîðîâ, ó êîòîðûõ åñòü îòäåëüíûé êýø äëÿ |
| äàííûõ, èñïîëüçîâàíèå ñåêöèè <b>.bss</b>, äîëæíî ïîâûøàòü ñêîðîñòü ðàáîòû |
| ïðîãðàììû. |
| <A href="#contents2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.11> |
| <h2 id=2.1.11> |
| 2.1.11 /DBG - ñîçäàíèå îòëàäî÷íîé èíôîðìàöèè. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Åñëè ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè ïðîãðàììû â êîìàíäíóþ ñòðîêó äîáàâèòü êëþ÷ <b>/dbg</b>, |
| èëè â ôàéë êîíôèãóðàöèè c--.ini äîáàâèòü ñòðîêó <b>dbg</b>, òî êîìïèëÿòîð ïîñëå |
| 757,12 → 756,12 |
|---|
| äåëàòü. Åñëè Âû çíàåòå, êàê ñîçäàâàòü 32-áèòíûå ïðîãðàììû ñ |
| DOS-ðàñøèðèòåëåì êîìïèëÿòîðàìè ôèðìû Borland ñ âêëþ÷åíèåì â íèõ îòëàäî÷íîé |
| èíôîðìàöèè, òî ðàññêàæèòå ìíå. À ÿ ïîïðîáóþ ïðèìåíèòü ýòî äëÿ C--. |
| <A href="#contents2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.12> |
| <h2 id=2.1.12> |
| 2.1.12 /J0 /J1 /J2 |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñèíîíèìîì êëþ÷åé <b>/J0 /J1 /J2</b> ÿâëÿåòñÿ äèðåêòèâà <b>#jumptomain</b> ñ |
| ïàðàìåòðàìè <b>NONE, SHORT è NEAR</b> ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. |
| 811,12 → 810,12 |
|---|
| { |
| ... |
| } |
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| |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.13> |
| <h2 id=2.1.13> |
| 2.1.13 /LST - Ñîçäàíèå àññåìáëåðíîãî ëèñòèíãà. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñ ïîìîùüþ äîïîëíèòåëüíîé îïöèè êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè <b>-lst</b> Âû ìîæåòå |
| ïîëó÷èòü âìåñòå ñ èñïîëíèòåëüíûì ôàéëîì è åãî àññåìáëåðíûé ëèñòèíã. |
| 825,12 → 824,12 |
|---|
| |
| Àññåìáëåðíûé ëèñòèíã ñîçäàåòñÿ íåçàâèñèìîé îò êîìïèëÿòîðà ÷àñòüþ êîäà |
| ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì èíôîðìàöèè íàêàïëèâàåìîé ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè ïðîãðàììû. |
| <A href="#contents2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.14> |
| <h2 id=2.1.14> |
| 2.1.14 /ENV - Ñîõðàíåíèå àäðåñà ïåðåìåííûõ îêðóæåíèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Åñëè ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè ïðîãðàììû Âû â êîìàíäíóþ ñòðîêó äîáàâèòå îïöèþ |
| <b>-ENV</b> èëè â ôàéë c--.ini ñòðîêà <b>ENV</b>, òî êîìïèëÿòîð äîáàâèò â âàøó |
| 838,12 → 837,12 |
|---|
| àäðåñ ïåðåìåííûõ îêðóæåíèÿ çàïóñêàåìîé ïðîãðàììû. Äëÿ ïðîãðàìì ïîä |
| Windows ýòî áóäåò ïîëíûé àäðåñ, à äëÿ îñòàëüíûõ â ýòîé ïåðåìåííîé áóäåò |
| ñîõðàíÿòüñÿ òîëüêî àäðåñ ñåãìåíòà. |
| <A href="#contents2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.15> |
| <h2 id=2.1.15> |
| 2.1.15 /CPA - Î÷èñòêà post-îáëàñòè äàííûõ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïåðåìåííûå, êîòîðûì â òåëå ïðîãðàììû íå áûëî ïðèñâîåíî íèêàêîå |
| çíà÷åíèå, íå âêëþ÷àþòñÿ â òåëî ñêîìïèëèðîâàííîé ïðîãðàììû. Äëÿ íèõ |
| 853,12 → 852,12 |
|---|
| Åñëè Âàì íåîáõîäèìî, ÷òîáû íåèíèöèàëèçèðîâàííûå ïåðåìåííûå ïðè |
| çàãðóçêå ïðîãðàììû âñåãäà ñîäåðæàëè îäíî è òîæå çíà÷åíèå (íîëü) - |
| âêëþ÷èòå â êîìàíäíóþ ñòðîêó îïöèþ <b>-CPA</b>. |
| <A href="#contents2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.16> |
| <h2 id=2.1.16> |
| 2.1.16 /W - âûâîä ïðåäóïðåæäåíèé. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïî óìîë÷àíèþ êîìïèëÿòîð íå âûâîäèò ïðåäóïðåæäåíèÿ è ìíîãèå äàæå íå |
| ïîäîçðåâàþò î ñóùåñòâîâàíèè òàêîé ïîëåçíîé îïöèè. Â C-- ïðåäóïðåæäåíèÿ |
| 879,12 → 878,12 |
|---|
| wf=warning |
| |
| Âû áóäåòå ïîëó÷àòü â ôàéëå <b>warning</b> ïðåäóïðåæäåíèÿ. |
| <A href="#contents2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.17> |
| <h2 id=2.1.17> |
| 2.1.17 /NW - Âûáîðî÷íîå îòêëþ÷åíèå òèïîâ ïðåäóïðåæäåíèé. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñåé÷àñ êîìïèëÿòîð ìîæåò âûäàâàòü 12 òèïîâ ïðåäóïðåæäåíèé è, èíîãäà èõ |
| áûâàåò òàê ìíîãî, ÷òî ñòàíîâèòñÿ òðóäíî â íèõ îðèåíòèðîâàòüñÿ. Òåïåðü |
| 905,12 → 904,12 |
|---|
| 10 - Return flag was destroyed |
| 11 - Code may not be executable |
| 12 - Don't use local/parametric values in inline procedures |
| <A href="#contents2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.1.18> |
| <h2 id=2.1.18> |
| 2.1.18 /WSI - êîðîòêàÿ òàáëèöà èìïîðòà. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Òàáëèöà èìïîðòà îáû÷íî ñîñòîèò â ñâîþ î÷åðåäü èç ÷åòûðåõ òàáëèö. Äâå |
| òàáëèöû <b>LookUp Table</b> è <b>Import Address Table</b> àáñîëþòíî îäèíàêîâû. |
| 920,12 → 919,12 |
|---|
| òîëüêî <b>Import Address Table</b>). Òåì ñàìûì ó Âàñ ïîëó÷èòñÿ áîëåå êîìïàêòíàÿ |
| òàáëèöà èìïîðòà, ÷òî ïðèâåäåò, â íåêîòîðûõ ñëó÷àÿõ, ê ñîçäàíèþ áîëåå |
| êîìïàêòíîãî âûõîäíîãî ôàéëà. |
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| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.2> |
| <h2 id=2.2> |
| 2.2 Äèðåêòèâû òðàíñëÿòîðà. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| C-- íå ñîäåðæèò ïðåïðîöåññîð. Òåì íå ìåíåå, åñòü íåñêîëüêî ôóíêöèé |
| î÷åíü ïîõîæèõ íà ôóíêöèè C ïðåïðîöåññîðà. |
| 939,7 → 938,7 |
|---|
| |
| <b>? aligncode</b> [val] Âûðîâíÿòü êîä ïðîãðàììû íà ÷åòíûé ïî |
| óìîë÷àíèþ èëè íà àäðåñ êðàòíûé âåëè÷èíå <b>val</b>. |
| Çàïîëíåíèå ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ êîäîì 0x90. |
| Çàïîëíåíèå ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ êîäîì 0x90. |
| |
| <b>? aligner</b> (aligner value) îïðåäåëèòü çíà÷åíèå áàéòà âñòàâêè. |
| |
| 1129,12 → 1128,12 |
|---|
| <b>? usestartup</b> ðàçðåøàåò êîìïèëÿòîðó èñïîëüçîâàòü ÿ÷åéêè |
| ïàìÿòè, çàíèìàåìûå êîäîì íà÷àëüíîé |
| èíèöèàëèçàöèè ïðîãðàììû. |
| <A href="#contents2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.2.1> |
| <h2 id=2.2.1> |
| 2.2.1 ?ifdef/?ifndef |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ðàíåå äèðåêòèâà <b>?ifdef</b> ñðàáàòûâàëà íà íàëè÷èå êîíñòàíòû íåçàâèñèìî |
| îò çíà÷åíèÿ åå âåëè÷èíû, à äèðåêòèâà <b>?ifndef</b> ñðàáàòûâàëà íà îòñóòñòâèå |
| 1150,7 → 1149,7 |
|---|
| Åñòü âîçìîæíîñòü ïðîâåðêè òèïà CPU äëÿ êîòîðîãî âåäåòñÿ êîìïèëÿöèÿ. |
| Äîïóñòèìûå âàðèàíòû ñèíòàêñèñà: |
| |
| ?ifdef cpu > 1 //åñëè ïðîãðàììà êîìïèëèðóåòñÿ äëÿ CPU âûøå 80186 |
| ?ifdef cpu > 1 //åñëè ïðîãðàììà êîìïèëèðóåòñÿ äëÿ CPU âûøå 80186 |
| ?ifndef cpu >= 2 // -------//------------- íå áîëüøå èëè ðàâíî 80286 |
| ?ifdef cpu == 3 // -------//------------- ðàâíî 80386 |
| ?ifdef cpu != 0 // -------//------------- íå ðàâåí 8086 |
| 1159,12 → 1158,12 |
|---|
| |
| Ýòà äèðåêòèâà ïîçâîëèò Âàì ïèñàòü îäíó ïðîöåäóðó äëÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ òèïîâ |
| CPU. |
| <A href="#contents2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.2.2> |
| <h2 id=2.2.2> |
| 2.2.2 ?initallvar |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Äèðåêòèâîé <b>?initallvar TRUE</b> âêëþ÷àåòñÿ ðåæèì ïðè êîòîðîì âñåì |
| íåèíèöèàëèçèðîâàííûì ïåðåìåííûì áóäåò ïðèñâîåíî íóëåâîå çíà÷åíèå è îíè |
| 1174,12 → 1173,12 |
|---|
| |
| Ïàðàìåòð FALSE ýòîé äèðåêòèâû îòêëþ÷àåò ýòîò ðåæèì. |
| Ïî óìîë÷àíèþ ýòà äèðåêòèâà óñòàíîâëåíà â FALSE. |
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| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.2.3> |
| <h2 id=2.2.3> |
| 2.2.3 ?usestartup |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Äèðåêòèâà <b>?usestartup</b> ðàçðåøàåò êîìïèëÿòîðó èñïîëüçîâàòü ÿ÷åéêè êîäà |
| íà÷àëüíîé èíèöèàëèçàöèè ïðîãðàììû (startup) äëÿ ïîñëåäóþùåãî ðàçìåùåíèÿ â |
| 1188,12 → 1187,12 |
|---|
| ðåçèäåíòíûõ. |
| |
| Ýòó äèðåêòèâó ïðèìåíÿþò òîëüêî äëÿ ãåíåðàöèè *.COM ôàéëîâ. |
| <A href="#contents2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.2.4> |
| <h2 id=2.2.4> |
| 2.2.4 ?startusevar |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Äèðåêòèâîé <b>?startusevar</b> ìîæíî óêàçàòü íà÷àëüíûé àäðåñ ñ êîòîðîãî |
| êîìïèëÿòîð áóäåò ðàñïðåäåëÿòü ïàìÿòü äëÿ íåèíèöèàëèçèðîâàííûõ ïåðåìåííûõ. |
| 1203,12 → 1202,12 |
|---|
| ðåçèäåíòíûõ, òàê è äëÿ îáû÷íûõ ïðîãðàìì. |
| |
| Ýòó äèðåêòèâó ïðèìåíÿþò òîëüêî äëÿ ãåíåðàöèè *.COM ôàéëîâ. |
| <A href="#contents2" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.2.5> |
| <h2 id=2.2.5> |
| 2.2.5 ?atexit |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Äèðåêòèâà <b>?atexit</b> äîáàâëÿåò â startup ïðîãðàììû êîä ïîääåðæêè |
| ïðîöåäóðû <b>ATEXIT</b>, ðåçåðâèðóåò ìåñòî äëÿ õðàíåíèÿ 16 àäðåñîâ ïðîöåäóð è |
| 1221,12 → 1220,12 |
|---|
| |
| Âñåãî ìîæíî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàòü äî 16 ïðîöåäóð. Ïðîöåäóðû âûçûâàþòñÿ â |
| ïîðÿäêå îáðàòíîì ïîðÿäêó èõ ðåãèñòðàöèè. |
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| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.2.6> |
| <h2 id=2.2.6> |
| 2.2.6 ?startuptomain |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïî ýòîé äèðåêòèâå êîìïèëÿòîð â íà÷àëå ôàéëà äåëàåò <b>jmp</b> íà íà÷àëî |
| ïðîöåäóðû main(). Ïåðåä íà÷àëîì êîìïèëÿöèè ýòîé ïðîöåäóðû êîìïèëÿòîð |
| 1236,22 → 1235,22 |
|---|
| êîìïèëÿöèè ðåçèäåíòíûõ ïðîãðàìì (TSR). |
| |
| Äèðåêòèâà ?startuptomain ðàáîòàåò òîëüêî ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè com-ôàéëîâ. |
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| |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.2.7> |
| <h2 id=2.2.7> |
| 2.2.7 ?undef |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ýòà äèðåêòèâà óíè÷òîæàåò êîíñòàíòû îáúÿâëåííûå äèðåêòèâîé <b>?define</b>. Åå |
| ìîæíî ïðèìåíÿòü äëÿ èçìåíåíèÿ â ïðîöåññå êîìïèëÿöèè çíà÷åíèÿ êàêîé-íèáóäü |
| êîíñòàíòû. |
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| <a href="#contents2"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.2.8> |
| <h2 id=2.2.8> |
| 2.2.8 ?align è ?aligncode |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Â C-- ñóùåñòâóåò äèðåêòèâà <b>?align</b>, êîòîðàÿ äåëàåò îäíîêðàòíîå |
| âûðàâíèâàíèå äàííûõ íà ÷åòíûé àäðåñ. Íî åñëè ê ýòîé äèðåêòèâå äîáàâèòü |
| 1270,12 → 1269,12 |
|---|
| äèðåêòèâó ìîæíî ïðèìåíÿòü è âíóòðè èñïîëíÿåìîãî êîäà. Íàïðèìåð, åñëè Âû |
| õîòèòå ïîëó÷èòü áûñòðûé êîä íà 486 ïðîöåññîðå, òî ðåêîìåíäóåòñÿ äåëàòü |
| âûðàâíèâàíèå íà÷àëà ïðîöåäóð è öèêëîâ íà àäðåñ êðàòíûé 16. |
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| |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=2.2.9> |
| <h2 id=2.2.9> |
| 2.2.9 ?pragma |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Äèðåêòèâà <b>#pragma</b> ýòî ìíîãîôóíêöèîíàëüíàëüíàÿ äèðåêòèâà, êîòîðàÿ â |
| ñâîþ î÷åðåäü èìååò ñâîè äèðåêòèâû: |
| 1330,14 → 1329,14 |
|---|
| END |
| |
| #pragma resource end |
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| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=3.1> |
| <h2 id=3.1> |
| 3. Êîíñòàíòû. |
| |
| 3.1 ×èñëîâûå êîíñòàíòû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïðåäñòàâëåíèå ÷èñëîâûõ êîíñòàíò â âèäå äåñÿòè÷íûõ ÷èñåë (÷èñåë ñ |
| îñíîâàíèåì 10) è øåñòíàäöàòåðè÷íûõ ÷èñåë (îñíîâàíèå ñ÷èñëåíèÿ 16) ïîëíîñòüþ |
| 1382,12 → 1381,12 |
|---|
| |
| Ýòè ñóôôèêñû íå çàâèñÿò îò ðåãèñòðà, ò.å. èõ ìîæíî ïèñàòü êàê |
| ìàëåíüêèìè, òàê è áîëüøèìè áóêâàìè. |
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| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=3.2> |
| <h2 id=3.2> |
| 3.2 Ñèìâîëüíûå êîíñòàíòû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Îäèíî÷íûå ñèìâîëüíûå êîíñòàíòû, êàê è â <b>C</b>, äîëæíû çàêëþ÷àòüñÿ â |
| îäèíî÷íûå êàâû÷êè <b>'</b>. |
| 1434,12 → 1433,12 |
|---|
| ñèìâîëîâ. Äëÿ ìíîãîáóêâåííûõ ñèìâîëüíûõ êîíñòàíò ïåðâûé ñèìâîë |
| ñîîòâåòñòâóåò ñòàðøèì ðàçðÿäàì, òàêèì îáðàçîì, çíà÷åíèå äëÿ <b>ab</b> áóäåò |
| çàêîäèðîâàíî êàê <b>a*256+b</b>. |
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| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=3.3> |
| <h2 id=3.3> |
| 3.3 Ñòðîêîâûå êîíñòàíòû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñòðîêîâûå êîíñòàíòû, êàê è â C, çàêëþ÷àþòñÿ â äâîéíûå êàâû÷êè ("). |
| Ñïåöèàëüíûå ñèìâîëû âíóòðè ñòðîê îáîçíà÷àþòñÿ òàê æå, êàê è â ñèìâîëüíûõ |
| 1451,12 → 1450,12 |
|---|
| Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ íàèáîëüøàÿ äëèíà ñòðîêîâîé êîíñòàíòû - 2048 ñèìâîëîâ, |
| âêëþ÷àÿ ñèìâîë-îãðàíè÷èòåëü 0, òàêèì îáðàçîì, ìàêñèìóì 2047 çíà÷àùèõ |
| ñèìâîëîâ. |
| <A href="#contents3" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents3"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=3.4> |
| <h2 id=3.4> |
| 3.4 Ïîñòîÿííûå âûðàæåíèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïîñòîÿííîå âûðàæåíèå - îäèíî÷íàÿ ÷èñëîâàÿ êîíñòàíòà èëè íåñêîëüêî |
| ÷èñëîâûõ êîíñòàíò, ñâÿçàííûõ ìåæäó ñîáîé îïåðàòîðàìè. ×èñëîâîå çíà÷åíèå |
| 1474,25 → 1473,25 |
|---|
| 1 * 2 * 3 / 2 + 4 // ðàâíÿåòñÿ 7 |
| Ïðèìåðû ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì âåùåñòâåííûõ ÷èñåë: |
| 3.23*1.53+2.0E2 // ðàâíÿåòñÿ 204.9419 |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=4.1> |
| <h2 id=4.1> |
| 4. Âûðàæåíèÿ. |
| |
| 4.1 Òèïû âûðàæåíèé. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Èìåþòñÿ òðè òèïà âûðàæåíèé â C--, íå ñ÷èòàÿ ïîñòîÿííûõ âûðàæåíèé. Ýòî |
| âûðàæåíèÿ òèïà <b>EAX/AX/AL</b>, âûðàæåíèÿ òèïà <b>íåEAX/AX/AL</b> è óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ. |
| Âñå C-- âûðàæåíèÿ âû÷èñëÿþòñÿ ñëåâà íàïðàâî, íåçàâèñèìî îò ñòàðøèíñòâà |
| âõîäÿùèõ â âûðàæåíèå ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ îïåðàöèé. |
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| <a href="#contents4"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=4.2> |
| <h2 id=4.2> |
| 4.2 Âûðàæåíèÿ òèïà EAX/AX/AL. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ýòîò òèï âûðàæåíèé ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ â ñëó÷àå, êîãäà åãî ðåçóëüòàò ìîæåò áûòü |
| ñîõðàíåí â ïåðåìåííîé â ïàìÿòè èëè â ðåãèñòðå <b>EAX</b> èëè <b>AX</b> èëè <b>AL</b>. |
| 1505,12 → 1504,12 |
|---|
| |
| Åñëè ðåçóëüòàò ìîæåò áûòü ñîõðàíåí â ïåðåìåííûõ òèïà <b>dword, long</b> èëè |
| <b>float</b>, èñïîëüçóåòñÿ íîòàöèÿ <b>EAX</b>. |
| <A href="#contents4" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents4"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=4.3> |
| <h2 id=4.3> |
| 4.3 Âûðàæåíèÿ èñïîëüçóþùèå ïîëó÷àòåëü ïðè âû÷èñëåíèè âûðàæåíèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Åñëè â ïðàâîé ÷àñòè âûðàæåíèÿ èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ïåðåìåííàÿ ÿâëÿþùàÿñÿ |
| îäíîâðåìåííî è ïðèåìíèêîì, òî òàêèå âûðàæåíèÿ äàþò ðàçëè÷íûå ðåçóëüòàòû â |
| 1524,12 → 1523,12 |
|---|
| var = BX = 2; |
| var = 3 + var; // ðåçóëüòàòîì áóäåò 5 |
| BX = 3 + BX; // ðåçóëüòàòîì áóäåò 6 |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=4.4> |
| <h2 id=4.4> |
| 4.4 Íå - EAX/AX/AL âûðàæåíèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ýòîò òèï âûðàæåíèé ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ â ñëó÷àå, êîãäà åãî ðåçóëüòàò äîëæåí |
| áûòü ñîõðàíåí â ëþáîì äðóãîì ðåãèñòðå, îòëè÷íîì îò àêêóìóëÿòîðà <b>EAX, AX</b> |
| 1561,12 → 1560,12 |
|---|
| ÷èñëà: 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 è 128. Âñå ýòè îãðàíè÷åíèÿ ñâÿçàíû ñî |
| ñòðåìëåíèåì íå ðàçðóøàòü äðóãèå ðåãèñòðû ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè <b>íå-EAX/AX/AL</b> |
| âûðàæåíèé. |
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| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=4.5> |
| <h2 id=4.5> |
| 4.5 Óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ - âûðàæåíèÿ, ðåçóëüòàòîì âû÷èñëåíèÿ êîòîðûõ ÿâëÿåòñÿ |
| ëîãè÷åñêîå çíà÷åíèå äà èëè íåò, èñïîëüçóåìîå â îïåðàòîðå <b>if</b> è öèêëàõ <b>do {}</b> |
| 1575,22 → 1574,22 |
|---|
| Èìåþòñÿ äâà òèïà óñëîâíûõ âûðàæåíèé, ïðîñòûå è ñëîæíûå. |
| |
| Âîçìîæíî ëîãè÷åñêîå îáúåäèíåíèå óñëîâèé. |
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| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=4.5.1> |
| <h2 id=4.5.1> |
| 4.5.1 Ïðîñòûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïðîñòûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ - îäèíî÷íàÿ ëåêñåìà èëè âûðàæåíèå, êîòîðîå |
| ïðèìåò çíà÷åíèå äà, åñëè ðàñ÷åòíîå çíà÷åíèå îòëè÷íî îò íóëÿ, èëè çíà÷åíèå |
| íåò, åñëè ðàñ÷åòíîå çíà÷åíèå ðàâíî íóëþ. |
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| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=4.5.2> |
| <h2 id=4.5.2> |
| 4.5.2 Ñëîæíûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñëîæíûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ èìåþò ñëåäóþùóþ ôîðìó: |
| |
| 1622,12 → 1621,12 |
|---|
| (x+y >= x-y) // ïðàâàÿ ÷àñòü íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäèíî÷íîé ëåêñåìîé èëè |
| ïîñòîÿííûì âûðàæåíèåì. |
| (Z = y) // âìåñòî == îøèáî÷íî ïîñòàâëåí = |
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| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=4.6> |
| <h2 id=4.6> |
| 4.6 Èçìåíåíèå òèïà âûðàæåíèÿ ïðè ïðèñâàèâàíèè. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Åñëè ïîñëå çíàêà ðàâåíñòâà íàïèñàòü òèï îòëè÷íûé îò òèïà âû÷èñëÿåìîé |
| ïåðåìåííîé, òî âñå ïåðåìåííûå ó÷àñòâóþùèå â ïðîöåññå âû÷èñëåíèÿ, áóäóò |
| 1649,12 → 1648,12 |
|---|
| òî ïåðåìåííûå a, b, è c â ýòîì ïðèìåðå ïåðåä âû÷èñëåíèåì áóäóò |
| ïðåîáðàçîâàíû ê òèïó <b>long</b>, à êîíå÷íûé ðåçóëüòàò áóäåò ïðåîáðàçîâàí ê òèïó |
| ïåðåìåííîé i - <b>int</b>. |
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| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=4.7> |
| <h2 id=4.7> |
| 4.7 Âû÷èñëåíèå â ðåãèñòðû EAX/AX/AL ñî çíàêîì. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïî óìîë÷àíèþ âñå âû÷èñëåíèÿ â ðåãèñòðû ïðîèçâîäÿòñÿ êàê ñ áåç çíàêîâûìè |
| âåëè÷èíàìè. |
| 1674,14 → 1673,14 |
|---|
| Îáðàùàþ âàøå âíèìàíèå, ÷òî äëÿ ðåãèñòðà <b>AL</b> ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü òîëüêî |
| ìîäèôèêàòîð <b>char</b>, äëÿ <b>AX</b> ñîîòâåòñòâåííî òîëüêî <b>int</b>, à äëÿ <b>EAX - long</b>. Äëÿ |
| îñòàëüíûõ ðåãèñòðîâ ïîäîáíîå äåëàòü íåëüçÿ. |
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| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=5.1> |
| <h2 id=5.1> |
| 5. Èäåíòèôèêàòîðû. |
| |
| 5.1 Ôîðìàò èäåíòèôèêàòîðà. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Èäåíòèôèêàòîðû â C-- äîëæíû íà÷èíàòüñÿ èëè ñ ñèìâîëà ïîä÷åðêèâàíèÿ <b>_</b> |
| èëè çàãëàâíûõ èëè ñòðî÷íûõ áóêâ. Ñëåäóþùèå ñèìâîëû ìîãóò áûòü ëþáîé |
| 1704,12 → 1703,12 |
|---|
| /*äëèíà èäåíòèôèêàòîðà ïðåâûøàåò 64 */ |
| Y_es sir /* ïðîáåëû íåäîïóñòèìû */ |
| The-end /* äåôèñû íåäîïóñòèìû */ |
| <A href="#contents5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents5"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=5.2> |
| <h2 id=5.2> |
| 5.2 Çàðåçåðâèðîâàííûå èäåíòèôèêàòîðû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñïèñîê çàðåçåðâèðîâàííûõ â C-- èäåíòèôèêàòîðîâ, êîòîðûå íå ìîãóò |
| èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ êàê îáùèå èäåíòèôèêàòîðû, ïîñêîëüêó îíè óæå áûëè îïðåäåëåíû |
| 1778,12 → 1777,12 |
|---|
| tr0 tr1 tr2 tr3 tr4 tr5 tr6 tr7 |
| mm0 mm1 mm2 mm3 mm4 mm5 mm6 mm7 |
| xmm0 xmm1 xmm2 xmm3 xmm4 xmm5 xmm6 xmm7 |
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| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=5.3> |
| <h2 id=5.3> |
| 5.3 Óíèâåðñàëüíûå ðåãèñòðû äëÿ 16 è 32-áèòíîãî ðåæèìà. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïðè ñîçäàíèè áèáëèîòå÷íûõ ïðîöåäóð î÷åíü ÷àñòî ïðèõîäèòñÿ ïèñàòü |
| âàðèàíòû ïðîöåäóðû äëÿ ðàáîòû â 16-áèòíîì è 32-áèòíîì ðåæèìàõ, êîòîðûå |
| 1799,12 → 1798,12 |
|---|
| |
| Èñïîëüçîâàíèå àâòîìàòè÷åñêèõ ðåãèñòðîâ ïîçâîëèò óïðîñòèòü áèáëèîòå÷íûå |
| ôàéëû è ñäåëàòü èõ áîëåå ïîíÿòíûìè. |
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| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=5.4> |
| <h2 id=5.4> |
| 5.4 Ïðåäîïðåäåëåííûå èäåíòèôèêàòîðû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Èäåíòèôèêàòîðû, îïðåäåëÿåìûå êîìïèëÿòîðîì â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ðåæèìà |
| êîìïèëÿöèè: |
| 1828,14 → 1827,14 |
|---|
| <b>codesize</b> êîìïèëÿöèÿ âåäåòñÿ ñ îïòèìèçàöèåé íà ðàçìåð êîäà |
| <b>speed</b> êîìïèëÿöèÿ âåäåòñÿ ñ îïòèìèçàöèåé íà áûñòðîäåéñòâèå êîäà |
| <b>cpu</b> îïðåäåëÿåò òèï ïðîöåññîðà äëÿ êîòîðîãî âåäåòñÿ êîìïèëÿöèÿ: |
| 0 - 8086 |
| 1 - 80186 |
| 2 - 80286 |
| 3 - 80386 |
| 4 - 80486 |
| 5 - Pentium |
| 6 - Pentium MMX |
| 7 - Pentium II |
| 0 - 8086 |
| 1 - 80186 |
| 2 - 80286 |
| 3 - 80386 |
| 4 - 80486 |
| 5 - Pentium |
| 6 - Pentium MMX |
| 7 - Pentium II |
| |
| Ýòè èäåíòèôèêàòîðû ìîãóò áûòü ïðîâåðåíû äèðåêòèâàìè <b>#ifdef</b> èëè <b>#ifndef</b>. |
| Èäåíòèôèêàòîð <b>cpu</b> ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàí ëèøü ñ îïåðàòîðàìè ïðîâåðêè |
| 1842,14 → 1841,14 |
|---|
| óñëîâèé: |
| |
| #ifdef cpu > 3 //åñëè òèï ïðîöåññîðà áîëüøå 80386 |
| <A href="#contents5" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
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| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=6.1> |
| <h2 id=6.1> |
| 6. Ïåðåìåííûå. |
| |
| 6.1 Òèïû ïåðåìåííûõ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Â C-- èìååòñÿ ñåìü òèïîâ ïåðåìåííûõ (èìåíîâàííûõ îáëàñòåé ïàìÿòè), ýòî: |
| <b>byte, word, dword, char, int, long, float.</b> |
| 1898,12 → 1897,12 |
|---|
| òàêèå ñâîéñòâà òèïà <b>int</b> âíîñÿò íåêîòîðóþ ïóòàíèöó, íî ýòî äàåò áîëüøîé |
| âûèãðûø ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè ýòîãî òèïà â áèáëèîòå÷íûõ ôàéëàõ, êîòîðûå ìîãóò |
| áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíû ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè 16-áèòíûõ è 32-áèòíûõ ïðîãðàìì. |
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| <a href="#contents6"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=6.2> |
| <h2 id=6.2> |
| 6.2 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïåðåìåííûõ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñèíòàêñèñ äëÿ îáúÿâëåíèÿ ïåðåìåííûõ ñëåäóþùèé: |
| |
| 1940,12 → 1939,12 |
|---|
| è ìàññèâ ñ èìåíåì x, ñîñòîÿùèé èç 27 ýëåìåíòîâ òèïà int */ |
| long size=0; /* îáúÿâëåíà ïåðåìåííàÿ òèïà long ñ èìåíåì size è åé ïðèñâîåíî |
| çíà÷åíèå 0. */ |
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| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=6.3> |
| <h2 id=6.3> |
| 6.3 Ãëîáàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ãëîáàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå - ýòî ïåðåìåííûå, îáëàñòü äåéñòâèÿ êîòîðûõ |
| ðàñïðîñòðàíÿåòñÿ íà âñþ ïðîãðàììó. Â C-- èñïîëüçîâàòü ãëîáàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå |
| 1979,12 → 1978,12 |
|---|
| çíà÷åíèå), òî ïåðåìåííàÿ áóäåò âêëþ÷åíà â êîä êîìïèëèðóåìîãî ôàéëà. Åñëè |
| ïåðåìåííàÿ íå èíèöèàëèçèðóåòñÿ, òî ìåñòî äëÿ ïåðåìåííîé áóäåò |
| çàðåçåðâèðîâàíî ñðàçó æå çà ïîñëåäíèì áàéòîì ñêîìïèëèðîâàííîé ïðîãðàììû. |
| <A href="#contents6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents6"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=6.4> |
| <h2 id=6.4> |
| 6.4 Ëîêàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ëîêàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå - ýòî ïåðåìåííûå îáëàñòü äåéñòâèÿ êîòîðûõ |
| ðàñïðîñòðàíÿåòñÿ ëèøü â ïðåäåëàõ îäíîé ïðîöåäóðû. Îáúÿâëÿòü ëîêàëüíûå |
| 2021,12 → 2020,12 |
|---|
| int locproc; // à íà ýòî îáúÿâëåíèå ïåðåìåííîé êîìïèëÿòîð âûäàñò ñîîáùåíèå |
| // îá îøèáêå, ò.ê. óæå íà÷àëîñü òåëî ïðîöåäóðû |
| } |
| <A href="#contents6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents6"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=6.5> |
| <h2 id=6.5> |
| 6.5 Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïåðåìåííûå è ñòðóêòóðû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Íàðÿäó ñ óæå èçâåñòíûìè Âàì äèíàìè÷åñêèìè ïðîöåäóðàìè â C-- åñòü |
| âîçìîæíîñòü èñïîëüçîâàòü äèíàìè÷åñêè è ïåðåìåííûå è ñòðóêòóðû. Äèíàìè÷åñêèå |
| 2047,12 → 2046,12 |
|---|
| ðàñïîëîæåíû â åãî ñàìîì êîíöå, ïîñëå äèíàìè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåäóð. Ýòó èõ |
| îñîáåííîñòü ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü, åñëè Âàì áóäåò íåîáõîäèìî, ÷òîáû äàííûå íå |
| áûëè ðàçáðîñàíû ñðåäè êîäà, à áûëè ñãðóïïèðîâàíû â îäíîì ìåñòå. |
| <A href="#contents6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents6"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=6.6> |
| <h2 id=6.6> |
| 6.6 Ïðèñâàèâàíèå îäíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ íåñêîëüêèì ïåðåìåííûì. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Åñëè Âàì íåîáõîäèìî ïðèñâîèòü íåñêîëüêèì ïåðåìåííûì îäèíàêîâûå çíà÷åíèÿ: |
| |
| 2066,14 → 2065,14 |
|---|
| |
| Ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè òàêîé çàïèñè ãåíåðèðóåòñÿ áîëåå êîìïàêòíûé è áîëåå |
| áûñòðûé êîä. |
| <A href="#contents6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents6"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=6.7.1> |
| <h2 id=6.7.1> |
| 6.7 Ïåðåìåííûå òèïà float. |
| |
| 6.7.1 Ôîðìàò ïåðåìåííûõ òèïà float. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Äëÿ ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ çíà÷åíèé ñ ïëàâàþùåé òî÷êîé â ÿçûê C-- ââåäåí òèï |
| float. Ýòîìó òèïó ñîîòâåòñòâóåò äåéñòâèòåëüíîå ÷èñëî îäèíàðíîé òî÷íîñòè |
| 2089,12 → 2088,12 |
|---|
| | | | -------------- - ïîëå ìàíòèññû |
| | ------------------------ - ïîëå ïîðÿäêà |
| --------------------------- - áèò çíàêà |
| <A href="#contents6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents6"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=6.7.2> |
| <h2 id=6.7.2> |
| 6.7.2 Êîíñòàíòû ñ ïëàâàþùåé òî÷êîé. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Êîìïèëÿòîð îòëè÷àåò âåùåñòâåííîå ÷èñëî îò öåëîãî ïî íàëè÷èþ â íåì |
| òî÷êè. Íà÷èíàòüñÿ âåùåñòâåííîå ÷èñëî äîëæíî ëèáî öèôðîé îò <b>0</b> äî <b>9</b>, ëèáî |
| 2106,12 → 2105,12 |
|---|
| -15.75 |
| 3.14e2 |
| 1.234567E-20 |
| <A href="#contents6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents6"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=6.7.3> |
| <h2 id=6.7.3> |
| 6.7.3 Äèàïàçîí äîïóñòèìûõ çíà÷åíèé. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Âåùåñòâåííîå ÷èñëî òèïà float ìîæåò íàõîäèòüñÿ â äèàïàçîíå îò 3.37E38 |
| äî -3.37E38. Ìèíèìàëüíî áëèçêîå ê íóëþ çíà÷åíèå ðàâíÿåòñÿ 1.17E-38 è |
| 2118,12 → 2117,12 |
|---|
| -1.17E-38. Çàïèñûâàòü âåùåñòâåííîå ÷èñëî îäèíàðíîé òî÷íîñòè áîëåå ÷åì 8 |
| öèôðàìè íå èìååò ñìûñëà. Ïîêàçàòåëü ñòåïåíè ìîæåò ïðèíèìàòü çíà÷åíèÿ îò |
| +38 äî -38. |
| <A href="#contents6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents6"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=6.7.4> |
| <h2 id=6.7.4> |
| 6.7.4 Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå îïåðàöèè. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Êîìïèëÿòîð ïîääåðæèâàåò 4 îñíîâíûõ äåéñòâèÿ íàä ïåðåìåííûìè òèïà |
| float: ñëîæåíèå, âû÷èòàíèå, óìíîæåíèå è äåëåíèå. Ïîääåðæèâàåòñÿ òàêæå |
| 2136,12 → 2135,12 |
|---|
| |
| <font color="Red"><b>ÂÍÈÌÀÍÈÅ! Ñîñòàâíûå ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå îïåðàöèè âûïîëíÿþòñÿ â òîì |
| ïîðÿäêå, â êîòîðîì îíè çàïèñàíû, íåâçèðàÿ íà ïðàâèëà àðèôìåòèêè</b></font>. |
| <A href="#contents6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents6"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=6.7.5> |
| <h2 id=6.7.5> |
| 6.7.5 Ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ òèïîâ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïðè ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ îïåðàöèÿõ êîíå÷íûì èòîãîì êîòîðûõ ÿâëÿåòñÿ |
| ïåðåìåííàÿ òèïà <b>float</b>, âñå îïåðàíäû äðóãèõ òèïîâ ïåðåä âû÷èñëåíèåì áóäóò |
| 2153,12 → 2152,12 |
|---|
| ó÷àñòèå â âû÷èñëåíèÿõ. Ïðè ïðèñâàèâàíèè öåëî÷èñëåííîé ïåðåìåííîé çíà÷åíèÿ |
| ïåðåìåííîé òèïà <b>float</b>, èç íåå òàêæå áóäåò âûäåëåíà öåëàÿ ÷àñòü, êîòîðàÿ è |
| áóäåò ïðèñâîåíà öåëî÷èñëåííîé ïåðåìåííîé. |
| <A href="#contents6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents6"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=6.7.6> |
| <h2 id=6.7.6> |
| 6.7.6 Îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Åñëè ïðè îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ ëåâûì îïåðàíäîì ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïåðåìåííàÿ èëè |
| âûðàæåíèå òèïà <b>float</b>, à ïðàâûì ÿâëÿåòñÿ öåëî÷èñëåííîå çíà÷åíèå, òî |
| 2166,12 → 2165,12 |
|---|
| ëåâûì îïåðàíäîì ÿâëÿåòñÿ öåëî÷èñëåííîå âûðàæåíèå èëè ïåðåìåííàÿ, à ïðàâûì |
| îïåðàíäîì çíà÷åíèå òèïà <b>float</b>, òî èç ïðàâîãî îïåðàíäà áóäåò âûäåëåíà öåëàÿ |
| ÷àñòü, êîòîðàÿ è ïðèìåò ó÷àñòèå â ñðàâíåíèè. |
| <A href="#contents6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents6"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=6.7.7> |
| <h2 id=6.7.7> |
| 6.7.7 Ñðàâíåíèå ïåðåìåííûõ òèïà float ñ 32-áèòíûì ðåãèñòðîì. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Â ðåãèñòðàõ ìîãóò ñîäåðæàòüñÿ çíàêîâûå, áåç çíàêîâûå è âåùåñòâåííûå |
| äàííûå. Ïî óìîë÷àíèþ ñ÷èòàåòñÿ, ÷òî â ðåãèñòðå íàõîäèòñÿ áåç çíàêîâîå öåëîå |
| 2183,7 → 2182,7 |
|---|
| |
| void PROC() |
| { |
| IF( f < signed ECX) //â ðåãèñòðå ECX íàõîäèòñÿ çíàêîâîå ÷èñëî |
| IF( f < signed ECX) //â ðåãèñòðå ECX íàõîäèòñÿ çíàêîâîå ÷èñëî |
| IF( unsigned EBX > f) //â ðåãèñòðå EBX íàõîäèòñÿ áåç çíàêîâîå ÷èñëî |
| IF( f == float EAX ) //â EAX íàõîäèòñÿ ÷èñëî ôîðìàòà float |
| } |
| 2190,12 → 2189,12 |
|---|
| |
| <font color="Red"><b>ÂÍÈÌÀÍÈÅ! Ïðè îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ ñ ó÷àñòèåì ïåðåìåíîé òèïà float, |
| ñîäåðæèìîå ðåãèñòðà AX áóäåò ðàçðóøåíî.</b></font> |
| <A href="#contents6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents6"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=6.8> |
| <h2 id=6.8> |
| 6.8 Óêàçàòåëè. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
|  C-- ñåé÷àñ óêàçàòåëè ðåàëèçîâàíû íå â ïîëíîì îáúåìå. Ïîýòîìó ìíîãèå |
| âåùè, êîòîðûå âîçìîæíû â îáû÷íûõ ÿçûêàõ <b>C</b>, çäåñü áóäóò íåäîñòóïíû. |
| 2209,13 → 2208,13 |
|---|
| int i; |
| char *tstr; |
| { |
| FOR(i=0; string[i]!=0; i++){ |
| WRITESTR(string[i]); |
| WRITELN(); |
| } |
| FOR(tstr=str;byte *tstr!=0; tstr++){ |
| WRITE(byte *tstr); |
| } |
| FOR(i=0; string[i]!=0; i++){ |
| WRITESTR(string[i]); |
| WRITELN(); |
| } |
| FOR(tstr=str;byte *tstr!=0; tstr++){ |
| WRITE(byte *tstr); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| Óêàçàòåëè ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü ïðè ïåðåäà÷å ïàðàìåòðîâ ïðîöåäóðàì, à â |
| 2235,14 → 2234,14 |
|---|
| èíèöèàëèçèðóåòñÿ óêàçàòåëü. Ò.å. Âû ìîæåòå óêàçàòåëþ íà <b>char</b> ïðèñâîèòü |
| óêàçàòåëü íà <b>int</b> èëè óêàçàòåëþ íà ïðîöåäóðó ïðèñâîèòü àäðåñ ïåðåìåííîé. |
| Ýòî ìîæåò âûçâàòü îøèáêó â ðàáîòå ïðîãðàììû. |
| <A href="#contents6" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents6"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=7.1> |
| <h2 id=7.1> |
| 7. Àäðåñàöèÿ. |
| |
| 7.1 Îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ àäðåñàöèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Èçíà÷àëüíî èíäåêñíûé äîñòóï ê ýëåìåíòàì â ìàññèâàõ ëþáîãî òèïà â |
| êîìïèëÿòîðå îñóùåñòâëÿëñÿ ïîáàéòíî, íåçàâèñèìî îò îáúÿâëåííîãî òèïà äàííûõ. |
| 2349,12 → 2348,12 |
|---|
| ÷èñëîâóþ êîíñòàíòó èëè ðåãèñòðû <b>BX,DI,SI,BP</b> êîìïèëÿòîð èñïîëüçóåò ýòè |
| çíà÷åíèÿ áåç èçìåíåíèÿ. Âî âñåõ äðóãèõ ñëó÷àÿõ áóäåò êîððåêöèÿ çíà÷åíèÿ â |
| çàâèñèìîñòè îò òèïà ìàññèâà. |
| <A href="#contents7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents7"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=7.2> |
| <h2 id=7.2> |
| 7.2 Àáñîëþòíàÿ àäðåñàöèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Àáñîëþòíàÿ àäðåñàöèÿ òàêæå âîçìîæíà. Äåéñòâóþò òå æå ñàìûå îãðàíè÷åíèÿ |
| íà èíäåêñû, ÷òî è ïðè îòíîñèòåëüíîé àäðåñàöèè. |
| 2441,25 → 2440,25 |
|---|
| |
| Ñîõðàíèòü BX â ñåãìåíòå ñòåêà ïî ñìåùåíèþ 42: |
| SSWORD [42] = BX; |
| <A href="#contents7" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents7"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=8.1.1> |
| <h2 id=8.1.1> |
| 8. Ðàáîòà ñ áëîêàìè äàííûõ. |
| |
| 8.1 Ñòðóêòóðû. |
| |
| 8.1.1 ×òî òàêîå ñòðóêòóðû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñòðóêòóðà ïîçâîëÿåò îáúåäèíèòü â îäíîì îáúåêòå ñîâîêóïíîñòü çíà÷åíèé, |
| êîòîðûå ìîãóò èìåòü ðàçëè÷íûå òèïû. |
| <A href="#contents8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents8"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=8.1.2> |
| <h2 id=8.1.2> |
| 8.1.2 Ñèíòàêñèñ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| struct [<òåã>] { <ñïèñîê-îáúÿâëåíèé-ýëåìåíòîâ> } |
| <îïèñàòåëü>[,<îïèñàòåëü>...]; |
| 2510,12 → 2509,12 |
|---|
| <b>struct</b> ìîæíî íå ïèñàòü. Ò.å ìîæíî íàïèñàòü âîò òàê: |
| |
| test dd; |
| <A href="#contents8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents8"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=8.1.3> |
| <h2 id=8.1.3> |
| 8.1.3 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ ñòðóêòóð ïðè îáúÿâëåíèè. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïîñëå îáúÿâëåíèÿ ñòðóêòóðû åå ýëåìåíòû ìîãóò ïðèíèìàòü ïðîèçâîëüíûå |
| çíà÷åíèÿ. ×òî áû ýòîãî íå áûëî íàäî ñòðóêòóðû ïðîèíèöèàëèçèðîâàòü. |
| 2553,12 → 2552,12 |
|---|
| Â ýòîì ïðèìåðå íà ìåñòî ãäå ðàñïîëîæåíà ñòðóêòóðà dd ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè áóäåò |
| çàãðóæåí ôðàãìåíò èç ôàéëà <b>file.dat</b> äëèíîé 10 áàéò ñî ñìåùåíèÿ 24. |
| Íåäîñòàþùèå áàéòû áóäóò çàïîëíåíû íóëÿìè. |
| <A href="#contents8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents8"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=8.1.4> |
| <h2 id=8.1.4> |
| 8.1.4 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ ñòðóêòóðû ïðè âûïîëíåíèè ïðîãðàììû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïðè âûïîëíåíèè ïðîãðàììû, êðîìå ïðèñâîåíèÿ êàæäîìó ýëåìåíòó ñòðóêòóðû |
| çíà÷åíèÿ, ìîæíî ïðîèíèöèàëèçèðîâàòü âñþ ñòðóêòóðó ïðèñâîåíèåì åé ÷èñëà èëè |
| 2591,12 → 2590,12 |
|---|
| |
| Áóäåò ñêîïèðîâàíî ñîäåðæèìîå òðåòüåé ñòðóêòóðû ìàññèâà ñòðóêòóð aa â |
| ñòðóêòóðó rr. |
| <A href="#contents8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents8"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=8.1.5> |
| <h2 id=8.1.5> |
| 8.1.5 Îïåðàöèè ñ ýëåìåíòàìè ñòðóêòóð. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñ ýëåìåíòàìè ñòðóêòóð ìîæíî âûïîëíÿòü âñå òå îïåðàöèè, êîòîðûå |
| äîñòóïíû äëÿ ïåðåìåííûõ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåãî òèïà. Íàïðèìåð: Îáúÿâëåíà |
| 2628,25 → 2627,25 |
|---|
| long c; // òðåòèé ýëåìåíò ñòðóêòóðû |
| }; |
| |
| struct BB //òåã âòîðîé ñòðóêòóðû |
| struct BB //òåã âòîðîé ñòðóêòóðû |
| { |
| word aa; // ïåðâûé ýëåìåíò |
| AA bb; // âòîðîé ýëåìåíò - âëîæåííàÿ ñòðóêòóðà |
| }ss; // îáúÿâëÿåì ñòðóêòóðó ñ òåãîì <b>BB</b> |
| word aa; // ïåðâûé ýëåìåíò |
| AA bb; // âòîðîé ýëåìåíò - âëîæåííàÿ ñòðóêòóðà |
| }ss; // îáúÿâëÿåì ñòðóêòóðó ñ òåãîì <b>BB</b> |
| |
| void proc() |
| { |
| AX=#ss.bb.b; // ïîëó÷èòü àäðåñ ýëåìåíòà <b>b</b> ñòðóêòóðû <b>bb</b> â ñòðóêòóðå <b>ss</b> |
| AX=#BB.bb.b; // ïîëó÷èòü ñìåùåíèå ýòîãî æå ýëåìåíòà â òåãå <b>BB</b> |
| AX=sizeof(ss.bb); // ïîëó÷èòü ðàçìåð ýëåìåíòà <b>bb</b> â ñòðóêòóðå <b>ss</b> |
| AX=sizeof(BB.bb); // ïîëó÷èòü ðàçìåð ýëåìåíòà <b>bb</b> â òåãå <b>BB</b> |
| AX=sizeof(ss.bb); // ïîëó÷èòü ðàçìåð ýëåìåíòà <b>bb</b> â ñòðóêòóðå <b>ss</b> |
| AX=sizeof(BB.bb); // ïîëó÷èòü ðàçìåð ýëåìåíòà <b>bb</b> â òåãå <b>BB</b> |
| } |
| <A href="#contents8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents8"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=8.1.6> |
| <h2 id=8.1.6> |
| 8.1.6 Âëîæåííûå ñòðóêòóðû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïðè îáúÿâëåíèè òåãîâ ñòðóêòóð ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü òåãè äðóãèõ, |
| îáúÿâëåííûõ ðàíåå ñòðóêòóð. Ïðèìåð âëîæåííûõ ñòðóêòóð: |
| 2696,12 → 2695,12 |
|---|
| AX=second[2].first[j].a; //à ýòîò ñèíòàêñèñ äîïóñòèì. |
| AX=second[i].first[3].a; |
| } |
| <A href="#contents8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents8"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=8.1.7> |
| <h2 id=8.1.7> |
| 8.1.7 Îòîáðàæåíèå òåãà ñòðóêòóðû íà áëîê ïàìÿòè. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Îòîáðàæåíèå òåãà ñòðóêòóðû íà áëîê ïàìÿòè ÿâëÿåòñÿ àëüòåðíàòèâîé |
| óêàçàòåëÿì íà ñòðóêòóðû. |
| 2750,12 → 2749,12 |
|---|
| ëîêàëüíûìè è ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêèìè ïåðåìåííûìè.  32-áèòíîì ðåæèìå ìîæíî |
| èñïîëüçîâàòü ëþáîé êðîìå <b>ESP è EBP</b> ðåãèñòð, à ðåãèñòðû <b>EDI è ESI</b> íàäî |
| èñïîëüçîâàòü îñòîðîæíî. |
| <A href="#contents8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents8"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=8.1.8> |
| <h2 id=8.1.8> |
| 8.1.8 Áèòîâûå ïîëÿ ñòðóêòóð. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Áèòîâûå ïîëÿ ñòðóêòóð èñïîëüçóþòñÿ äëÿ ýêîíîìèè ïàìÿòè, ïîñêîëüêó |
| ïîçâîëÿþò ïëîòíî óïàêîâàòü çíà÷åíèÿ, è äëÿ îðãàíèçàöèè óäîáíîãî äîñòóïà ê |
| 2794,12 → 2793,12 |
|---|
| ïðèìåíåííûé ê áèòîâîìó ïîëþ âåðíåò ðàçìåð ýòîãî ïîëÿ â áèòàõ. Ïðè |
| èñïîëüçîâàíèè áèòîâîãî ïîëÿ, åãî ñîäåðæèìîå áóäåò ðàñøèðÿòñÿ â ðåãèñòð |
| êàê áåç çíàêîâîå öåëîå ÷èñëî. |
| <A href="#contents8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
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| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=8.2> |
| <h2 id=8.2> |
| 8.2 Îáúåäèíåíèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Îáúåäèíåíèÿ ïîçâîëÿþò â ðàçíûå ìîìåíòû âðåìåíè õðàíèòü â îäíîì îáúåêòå |
| çíà÷åíèÿ ðàçëè÷íîãî òèïà. |
| 2824,8 → 2823,8 |
|---|
| |
| void test() |
| { |
| regEAX = 0x2C; |
| BL = regAL; //â ðåãèñòðå BL îêàæåòñÿ çíà÷åíèå 0x2C |
| regEAX = 0x2C; |
| BL = regAL; //â ðåãèñòðå BL îêàæåòñÿ çíà÷åíèå 0x2C |
| } |
| |
| Îáúåäèíÿòü ìîæíî ïåðåìåííûå ðàçëè÷íûõ òèïîâ, ìàññèâû, ñòðîêîâûå |
| 2837,12 → 2836,12 |
|---|
| ýëåìåíò îáúåäèíåíèÿ. Åñëè æå ïåðâûé ýëåìåíò îáúåäèíåíèÿ íå èíèöèàëèçèðîâàí, |
| à ñëåäóþùèå ýëåìåíòû èíèöèàëèçèðîâàíû, òî ýòî âûçîâåò ñîîáùåíèå êîìïèëÿòîðà |
| îá îøèáêå. |
| <A href="#contents8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents8"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=8.3> |
| <h2 id=8.3> |
| 8.3 Êîìàíäû 'FROM' è 'EXTRACT'. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
|  C-- åñòü î÷åíü îðèãèíàëüíûå êîìàíäû, êîòîðûõ íåò â äðóãèõ ÿçûêàõ. Ýòî |
| <b>FROM è EXTRACT</b>. |
| 2869,14 → 2868,14 |
|---|
| |
| byte LIT128 = EXTRACT "8X16.FNT", 16*128, 16; |
| byte LIT130 = EXTRACT "8X16.FNT", 16*130, 16; |
| <A href="#contents8" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents8"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.1> |
| <h2 id=9.1> |
| 9. Îïåðàòîðû. |
| |
| 9.1 Óñëîâíûå èíñòðóêöèè. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Óñëîâíûå èíñòðóêöèè, ïðè ïîìîùè êîòîðûõ îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ âåòâëåíèå, òàêèå |
| æå êàê â C. |
| 2920,12 → 2919,12 |
|---|
| |
| Ýòî ìîæíî ïðîñòî èñïðàâèòü, çàìåíèâ â ýòîì ìåñòå èíñòðóêöèþ <b>ELSE</b> íà |
| <b>else</b>. |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.2> |
| <h2 id=9.2> |
| 9.2 Öèêëû do{} while. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Â òàêîì öèêëå áëîê êîäà, ñîñòàâëÿþùèé òåëî öèêëà, áóäåò ïîâòîðÿòüñÿ, |
| ïîêà óñëîâíîå âûðàæåíèå èìååò çíà÷åíèå <b>èñòèííî</b>. |
| 2944,12 → 2943,12 |
|---|
| |
| Óñëîâíîå âûðàæåíèå â <b>do {} while</b> èíñòðóêöèè äîëæíî ñîîòâåòñòâîâàòü òåì æå |
| ïðàâèëàì, ÷òî è â èíñòðóêöèÿõ <b>IF è if</b>. |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.3> |
| <h2 id=9.3> |
| 9.3 Öèêëû loop, LOOPNZ, loopnz. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Öèêëû <b>loop</b> ïîâòîðÿþò áëîê êîäà, ïîêà îïðåäåëåííàÿ ïåðåìåííàÿ èëè |
| ðåãèñòð, âûïîëíÿþùèå ðîëü ñ÷åò÷èêà öèêëà, ñîäåðæàò çíà÷åíèå, îòëè÷íîå îò |
| 3022,12 → 3021,12 |
|---|
| ìàêñèìàëüíî ýôôåêòèâíûì ïðè îïòèìèçàöèè íà ðàçìåð êîäà, åñëè â êà÷åñòâå |
| ïàðàìåòðà-ñ÷åò÷èêà èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ðåãèñòð <b>CX/ECX</b>. Ïðè ýòîì êîìïèëÿòîð |
| èñïîëüçóåò àññåìáëåðíûå èíñòðóêöèè <b>JCXZ/JECXZ è LOOP</b>. |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.4> |
| <h2 id=9.4> |
| 9.4 Öèêë while, WHILE. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñèíòàêñèñ: |
| while(<âûðàæåíèå>) |
| 3043,19 → 3042,19 |
|---|
| ìåíüøå 127 áàéò. |
| |
| Ïðèìåðû: |
| while ( i < 20 ){ |
| WRITEWORD(i); |
| i++; |
| } |
| while ( i < 20 ){ |
| WRITEWORD(i); |
| i++; |
| } |
| |
| WHILE (i < 20 ) @WRITEWORD(i); //öèêë ëèáî áóäåò áåñêîíå÷íûì ëèáî íå |
| WHILE (i < 20 ) @WRITEWORD(i); //öèêë ëèáî áóäåò áåñêîíå÷íûì ëèáî íå |
| //âûïîëíèòñÿ íè ðàçó |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.5> |
| <h2 id=9.5> |
| 9.5 Öèêë for, FOR. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñèíòàêñèñ: |
| for ([<íà÷àëüíîå âûðàæåíèå>]; [<óñëîâèå>]; [<ïðèðàùåíèå>]) |
| 3087,11 → 3086,11 |
|---|
| 127 áàéò. |
| |
| Ïðèìåðû: |
| for(i=0;i<5;i++){ |
| WRITESTR("ÑÒÐÎÊÀ "); |
| WRITEWORD(i); |
| WRITELN(); |
| } |
| for(i=0;i<5;i++){ |
| WRITESTR("ÑÒÐÎÊÀ "); |
| WRITEWORD(i); |
| WRITELN(); |
| } |
| |
| ×èñëî <b>íà÷àëüíûõ âûðàæåíèé</b> è ÷èñëî <b>ïðèðàùåíèé</b> íå îãðàíè÷åíî. Êàæäûé |
| îïåðàòîð â <b>íà÷àëüíûõ âûðàæåíèÿõ</b> è <b>ïðèðàùåíèÿõ</b> äîëæåí ðàçäåëÿòüñÿ |
| 3104,21 → 3103,21 |
|---|
| ñêîáêè. Ïðèìåð: |
| |
| for ( a=0 ; (a>=0) && (a<10) ; a++ ){... |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.6> |
| <h2 id=9.6> |
| 9.6 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåêëþ÷àòåëü switch. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñèíòàêñèñ: |
| switch(<âûðàæåíèå>){ |
| case <êîíñòàíòà>: |
| <îïåðàòîð> |
| ... |
| ... |
| case <êîíñòàíòà>: |
| <îïåðàòîð> |
| ... |
| ... |
| ... |
| default: |
| <îïåðàòîð> |
| 3222,29 → 3221,29 |
|---|
| |
| Êðîìå òîãî, ÷òî íîâûé ôîðìàò çàïèñè áîëåå êîìïàêòåí è áîëåå ÷èòàáåëåí, |
| íî åùå ïðè ýòîì êîìïèëÿòîð ñîçäàåò áîëåå êîìïàêòíûé è áûñòðûé êîä. |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.7> |
| <h2 id=9.7> |
| 9.7 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåõîäà goto, GOTO. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñèíòàêñèñ: |
| goto <ìåòêà>; |
| . |
| . |
| . |
| . |
| . |
| . |
| <ìåòêà>: |
| |
| Îïåðàòîð ïåðåõîäà <b>goto</b> ïåðåäàåò óïðàâëåíèå íà <b>îïåðàòîð</b> ïîìå÷åííûé |
| <b>ìåòêîé</b>. Àíàëîãîì â àññåìáëåðå îïåðàòîðó goto ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîìàíäà <b>jmp near</b>. |
| Àíàëîãîì â àññåìáëåðå îïåðàòîðó <b>GOTO</b> ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîìàíäà <b>jmp short</b>. |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.8> |
| <h2 id=9.8> |
| 9.8 Îïåðàòîð ðàçðûâà break, BREAK. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Îïåðàòîð ðàçðûâà <b>break</b> ïðåðûâàåò âûïîëíåíèå îïåðàòîðîâ <b>do-while, |
| for, switch, while, loop, loopnz, LOOPNZ</b>. Îí ìîæåò ñîäåðæàòüñÿ |
| 3256,18 → 3255,18 |
|---|
| äî êîíöà öèêëà äîëæåí áûòü ìåíüøå 127 áàéò. |
| |
| Ïðèìåðû: |
| FOR (i=0; ; i++){ |
| FOR(j=0; j < WIDTH; j++){ |
| IF(i==5)BREAK; |
| } |
| IF(i==10)BREAK; |
| } |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| FOR (i=0; ; i++){ |
| FOR(j=0; j < WIDTH; j++){ |
| IF(i==5)BREAK; |
| } |
| IF(i==10)BREAK; |
| } |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.9> |
| <h2 id=9.9> |
| 9.9 Îïåðàòîð ïðîäîëæåíèÿ continue, CONTINUE. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Îïåðàòîð ïðîäîëæåíèÿ <b>continue</b> ïåðåäàåò óïðàâëåíèå íà ñëåäóþùóþ |
| èòåðàöèþ â öèêëàõ <b>do-while, for, while, loop, loopnz</b>. Â öèêëàõ |
| 3279,12 → 3278,12 |
|---|
| Îïåðàòîð <b>CONTINUE</b> àíàëîãè÷åí <b>continue</b>, íî ïðè ýòîì ãåíåðèðóåòñÿ êîä íà |
| 1 áàéò êîðî÷å. Ðàçìåð ñãåíåðèðîâàííîãî êîäà îò ìåñòà ãäå ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ |
| <b>CONTINUE</b> äî íà÷àëà èòåðàöèè äîëæåí áûòü ìåíüøå 127 áàéò. |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.10> |
| <h2 id=9.10> |
| 9.10 Ëîãè÷åñêîå îáúåäèíåíèå óñëîâèé. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñóùåñòâóåò âîçìîæíîñòü ëîãè÷åñêîãî îáúåäèíåíèÿ ñðàâíåíèé â óñëîâèÿõ |
| <b>IF è if</b>, öèêëàõ <b>do{}while, while{}, WHILE{}, for{} è FOR{}</b>. |
| 3298,16 → 3297,16 |
|---|
| |
| Ïðèìåð: |
| |
| if ( (a>3) && (b>4) || (c<8) ){ |
| if ( (a>3) && (b>4) || (c<8) ){ |
| |
| Ò.å. åñëè ïðîèçâåñòè ðàñøèôðîâêó ýòîãî óñëîâèÿ, òî ïîëó÷èòñÿ ñëåäóþùåå: |
| óñëîâèå âûïîëíèòñÿ åñëè a>3 è b>4 èëè a>3 è c<8. |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.11> |
| <h2 id=9.11> |
| 9.11 Ïåðåõîä ÷åðåç öèêëû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Äëÿ îïåðàòîðîâ <b>BREAK, break, CONTINUE, continue</b> ââåäåíà |
| ïîääåðæêà ÷èñëîâîãî ïàðàìåòðà, îïðåäåëÿþùåãî, ñêîëüêî öèêëîâ íàäî |
| 3317,10 → 3316,10 |
|---|
| do{ |
| loop(CX){ |
| for(BX=0;BX<10;BX++){ |
| break; //ñòàíäàðòíûé îïåðàòîð |
| break 0; //break ñ ïàðàìåòðîì - ïðîïóñòèòü 0 öèêëîâ |
| break 1; //break ñ ïàðàìåòðîì - ïðîïóñòèòü 1 öèêë |
| break 2; //break ñ ïàðàìåòðîì - ïðîïóñòèòü 2 öèêëà |
| break; //ñòàíäàðòíûé îïåðàòîð |
| break 0; //break ñ ïàðàìåòðîì - ïðîïóñòèòü 0 öèêëîâ |
| break 1; //break ñ ïàðàìåòðîì - ïðîïóñòèòü 1 öèêë |
| break 2; //break ñ ïàðàìåòðîì - ïðîïóñòèòü 2 öèêëà |
| } |
| LABL0: |
| } |
| 3342,12 → 3341,12 |
|---|
| Íó è ÿ íàäåþñü, Âàì ïîíÿòíî, ÷òî çíà÷åíèå ïàðàìåòðà íå ìîæåò ïðåâûøàòü |
| ÷èñëà öèêëîâ íàõîäÿùèõñÿ ïåðåä òåêóùèì. Òàê äëÿ îäèíî÷íîãî öèêëà ýòîò |
| ïàðàìåòð ìîæåò ïðèíèìàòü ìàêñèìàëüíîå è åäèíñòâåííîå çíà÷åíèå - 0. |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.12> |
| <h2 id=9.12> |
| 9.12 Èíâåðòèðîâàíèå ôëàãà ïðîâåðêè óñëîâèé. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Èíâåðòèðîâàíèå ôëàãà ïðîâåðêè óñëîâèé â îïåðàöèÿõ ñðàâíåíèÿ <b>if/IF |
| for/FOR while/WHILE</b> ïðîèñõîäèò ñ ïîìîùüþ ñèìâîëà <b>! - not</b>. |
| 3358,12 → 3357,12 |
|---|
| IF ( proc() == 0 )... è IF ( ! proc() ) ... |
| |
| ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñèíîíèìàìè. |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.13> |
| <h2 id=9.13> |
| 9.13 Âû÷èñëåíèå âûðàæåíèÿ, à çàòåì ïðîâåðêà óñëîâèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Â îïåðàöèÿõ ñðàâíåíèÿ â ëåâîì îïåðàíäå òåïåðü äîïóñòèìî èñïîëüçîâàòü |
| âû÷èñëåíèÿ âûðàæåíèÿ ñ ïðèñâàèâàíèåì è îïåðàöèè èíêðåìåíòà, äåêðåìåíòà. |
| 3377,12 → 3376,12 |
|---|
| Âî âñåõ ýòèõ ïðèìåðàõ ñíà÷àëà ïðîèçîéäåò âû÷èñëåíèå âûðàæåíèÿ â ëåâîé |
| ÷àñòè îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ, à ïîòîì áóäåò ïðîèçâåäåíî ñðàâíåíèå ðåçóëüòàòà ñ |
| ïðàâîé ÷àñòüþ âûðàæåíèÿ ñðàâíåíèÿ. |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.14> |
| <h2 id=9.14> |
| 9.14 Ïðîâåðêà áèòîâ ïðè îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Åñëè â ëåâîé ÷àñòè âûðàæåíèÿ ñðàâíåíèÿ íàïèñàíî: BX & 5, òî ïðè |
| âû÷èñëåíèè âûðàæåíèÿ ñîäåðæèìîå ðåãèñòðà BX áóäåò èçìåíåíî èíñòðóêöèåé |
| 3400,12 → 3399,12 |
|---|
| IF ( ! $test AX,5) |
| IF ( asm test AX,5) |
| IF ( ! asm { test AX,5 } ) |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.15> |
| <h2 id=9.15> |
| 9.15 Îïåðàòîð ïåðåñòàíîâêè. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
|  C-- åñòü îïåðàòîð, êîòîðûé íå âñòðå÷àåòñÿ â äðóãèõ ÿçûêàõ, ýòî |
| îïåðàòîð ïåðåñòàíîâêè. Îïåðàòîð ïåðåñòàíîâêè ìåíÿåò ìåñòàìè ñîäåðæèìîå äâóõ |
| 3428,12 → 3427,12 |
|---|
| ïàìÿòè, áóäåò ðàçðóøåíî ñîäåðæèìîå EAX.  ëþáîì äðóãîì ñëó÷àå, íàïðèìåð, |
| ìåæäó ïåðåìåííîé â ïàìÿòè è ðåãèñòðîì, çíà÷åíèÿ âñåõ ðåãèñòðîâ áóäóò |
| ñîõðàíåíû. |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.16> |
| <h2 id=9.16> |
| 9.16 Îïåðàòîð îòðèöàíèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| C-- ïîääåðæèâàåò áûñòðûé ñèíòàêñèñ ñìåíû çíàêà ïåðåìåííîé - îïåðàòîð |
| îòðèöàíèÿ. Ïîñòàâèâ <b>-</b> (çíàê ìèíóñ) ïåðåä èäåíòèôèêàòîðîì ïåðåìåííîé ïàìÿòè |
| 3445,12 → 3444,12 |
|---|
| -AX; // ðåçóëüòàò òîò æå, ÷òî è ïðè 'AX = -AX;' ,íî áûñòðåå. |
| -tree; // òî æå ñàìîå, ÷òî 'tree = -tree;' ,íî áûñòðåå. |
| -BH; // ìåíÿåò çíàê BH. |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.17> |
| <h2 id=9.17> |
| 9.17 Îïåðàòîð èíâåðñèè. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| C-- ïîääåðæèâàåò áûñòðûé ñèíòàêñèñ âûïîëíåíèÿ ëîãè÷åñêîé èíâåðñèè |
| çíà÷åíèÿ ïåðåìåííîé - îïåðàòîð èíâåðñèè. Ïîñòàâèâ <b>!</b> (âîñêëèöàòåëüíûé çíàê) |
| 3462,12 → 3461,12 |
|---|
| !AX; // òî æå ñàìîå, ÷òî ' AX ^ = 0xFFFF; ' íî áûñòðåå. |
| !node; // çàìåíÿåò çíà÷åíèå 'node' åãî ëîãè÷åñêîé èíâåðñèåé. |
| !CL; // òî æå ñàìîå, ÷òî ' CL ^ = 0xFF ' íî áûñòðåå. |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.18> |
| <h2 id=9.18> |
| 9.18 Ñïåöèàëüíûå óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| C-- ïîääåðæèâàåò âîñåìü ñïåöèàëüíûõ óñëîâíûõ âûðàæåíèé: |
| |
| 3496,12 → 3495,12 |
|---|
| do { |
| // çäåñü âû îïÿòü ÷åãî-òî äåëàåòå |
| } while( NOTOVERFLOW ); |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.19> |
| <h2 id=9.19> |
| 9.19 Ñèìâîë $ - âñòàâëÿåò òåêóùèé àäðåñ ïðîãðàììû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñèìâîë <b>$</b>, êðîìå òîãî, ÷òî ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðèçíàêîì ïîñëåäóþùåé àññåìáëåðíîé |
| èíñòðóêöèè, â ÿçûêå C--, êàê è â ÿçûêå Assembler ìîæåò óêàçûâàòü òåêóùèé |
| 3515,14 → 3514,14 |
|---|
| |
| Ïðèìåðû ïðèìåíåíèÿ: |
| |
| DW #main-$ //çàïèñàòü ðàññòîÿíèå îò ïðîöåäóðû main äî òåêóùåãî ìåñòà |
| GOTO $+2; //ïåðåéòè ïî àäðåñó íà 2 áîëüøå, ÷åì òåêóùèé àäðåñ |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| DW #main-$ //çàïèñàòü ðàññòîÿíèå îò ïðîöåäóðû main äî òåêóùåãî ìåñòà |
| GOTO $+2; //ïåðåéòè ïî àäðåñó íà 2 áîëüøå, ÷åì òåêóùèé àäðåñ |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.20> |
| <h2 id=9.20> |
| 9.20 Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî static è îïåðàòîð ::. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Åñëè ïåðåä îáúÿâëåíèåì ãëîáàëüíîé ïåðåìåííîé, ñòðóêòóðû èëè ïðîöåäóðû |
| óêàçàòü ñëîâî <b>static</b>, òî ýòè ïåðåìåííàÿ, ñòðóêòóðà èëè ïðîöåäóðà áóäóò |
| 3555,15 → 3554,15 |
|---|
| int var; //îáúÿâëÿåì ëîêàëüíóþ ïåðåìåííóþ ñ èìåíåì óæå ñóùåñòâóþùåé |
| //ãëîáàëüíîé ïåðåìåííîé |
| { |
| (E)AX=var; //èìååì äîñòóï òîëüêî ê ëîêàëüíîé ïåðåìåííîé |
| (E)AX=var; //èìååì äîñòóï òîëüêî ê ëîêàëüíîé ïåðåìåííîé |
| (E)AX=::var; //à òàê ìîæíî ïîëó÷èòü äîñòóï ê ãëîáàëüíîé ïåðåìåííîé |
| } |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.21> |
| <h2 id=9.21> |
| 9.21 Îïåðàòîð sizeof. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Îïåðàöèÿ <b>sizeof</b> îïðåäåëÿåò ðàçìåð ïàìÿòè, êîòîðûé ñîîòâåòñòâóåò îáúåêòó |
| èëè òèïó. Îïåðàöèÿ sizeof èìååò ñëåäóþùèé âèä: |
| 3608,12 → 3607,12 |
|---|
| sizeof ( file "filename.dat" ) |
| |
| Ðåçóëüòàòîì ýòîé îïåðàöèè áóäåò ðàçìåð ôàéëà "filename.dat". |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=9.22> |
| <h2 id=9.22> |
| 9.22 Ìåòêè ïåðåõîäà. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ìåòêè ïåðåõîäà ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ äëÿ óêàçàíèÿ íà÷àëüíûõ òî÷åê ó÷àñòêîâ êîäà, |
| èñïîëüçóåìûõ êîìàíäàìè ïåðåõîäà âñòðîåííîãî àññåìáëåðà è îïåðàòîðàìè |
| 3642,14 → 3641,14 |
|---|
| êà÷åñòâå èìåí äëÿ ìåòîê âíå ïðîöåäóð ìîãóò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíû óíèêàëüíûå |
| èäåíòèôèêàòîðû, â êîòîðûõ ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü áîëüøèå, ìàëåíüêèå è ñìåñü |
| áîëüøèõ è ìàëåíüêèõ áóêâ. |
| <A href="#contents9" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents9"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=10.1> |
| <h2 id=10.1> |
| 10. Àññåìáëåð. |
| |
| 10.1 Ïîääåðæêà êîìàíä àññåìáëåðà. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Âñòðîåííûé â C-- àññåìáëåð ïîääåðæèâàåò âñå èíñòðóêöèè 8088/8086, |
| 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium II è Pentium III ïðîöåññîðîâ. |
| 3658,36 → 3657,36 |
|---|
| äîëëàðà <b>$</b>. Ïîääåðæèâàåòñÿ òàêæå êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî <b>asm</b>, êîòîðîå ÿâëÿÿñü |
| ñèíîíèìîì ê ñèìâîëó äîëëàðà, åùå è ïîääåðæèâàåò îáúåäèíåíèå àññåìáëåðíûõ |
| èíñòðóêöèé â áëîêè. |
| <A href="#contents10" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents10"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=10.2> |
| <h2 id=10.2> |
| 10.2 Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî asm. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî <b>asm</b> ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñèíîíèìîì ê <b>$</b> - ïðåôèêñ àññåìáëåðíîé |
| êîìàíäû. Ïîñëå ñëîâà asm ìîæíî ïèñàòü áëîê àññåìáëåðíûõ êîìàíä. Ïðèìåð: |
| |
| asm { |
| . |
| . |
| push AX |
| asm { |
| . |
| . |
| push AX |
| labl: |
| push BX |
| mov AX,0x1234 |
| jmp short labl |
| . |
| . |
| . |
| } |
| push BX |
| mov AX,0x1234 |
| jmp short labl |
| . |
| . |
| . |
| } |
| |
| Ìåòêè âíóòðè áëîêà àññåìáëåðíûõ êîìàíä äîïóñòèìû. |
| <A href="#contents10" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents10"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=10.3> |
| <h2 id=10.3> |
| 10.3 Ïðåôèêñ dup - ïîâòîðåíèå èíñòðóêöèé DB/DW/DD. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Äëÿ àññåìáëåðíûõ èíñòðóêöèè <b>DB, DW, DD</b> ââåäåíà âîçìîæíîñòü èñïîëüçîâàòü |
| ïðåôèêñ ïîâòîðåíèé <b>dup</b>. Ïðèìåíåíèå ýòîãî ïðåôèêñà èìååò ñëåäóþùèé |
| 3700,12 → 3699,12 |
|---|
| |
|  îòëè÷èå îò àíàëîãà ýòîãî ïðåôèêñà èç àññåìáëåðà ïîâòîðÿåìóþ âåëè÷èíó |
| çàêëþ÷àòü â ñêîáêè íåëüçÿ. |
| <A href="#contents10" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents10"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=10.4> |
| <h2 id=10.4> |
| 10.4 Èíñòðóêöèè ïðîöåññîðà Pentium III. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Â êîìïèëÿòîð äîáàâëåíà ïîääåðæêà 19 íîâûõ èíñòðóêöèé MMX ðàñøèðåíèÿ |
| |
| 3798,18 → 3797,18 |
|---|
| { |
| asm{ |
| movaps var8_128,xmm0 //â ìàññèâ èç 16 áàéò áóäåò çàïèñàíî ñîäåðæèìîå XMM0 |
| movaps xmm1,var16_128 //â XMM1 áóäåò çàïèñàíî ñîäåðæèìîå 8 ñëîâ |
| movaps xmm1,var16_128 //â XMM1 áóäåò çàïèñàíî ñîäåðæèìîå 8 ñëîâ |
| movaps var32_128,xmm1 //â ìàññèâ èç 4 äâîéíûõ ñëîâ áóäåò çàïèñàíî XMM1 |
| } |
| } |
| <A href="#contents10" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents10"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.1> |
| <h2 id=11.1> |
| 11. Ïðîöåäóðû. |
| |
| 11.1 Òèïû ïðîöåäóð, ôóíêöèé è ìàêðîêîìàíä. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñåé÷àñ C-- ïîääåðæèâàåò 4 òèïà âûçîâà ïðîöåäóð: <b>cdecl, pascal, stdcall |
| è fastcall</b>. Âîò êðàòêèå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ýòèõ òèïîâ âûçîâîâ ïðîöåäóð: |
| 3853,12 → 3852,12 |
|---|
| |
| Îáúÿâëåíèå ïðîöåäóð ââåäåíî äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû ñîîáùàòü êîìïèëÿòîðó î |
| òèïå âîçâðàòà èç ïðîöåäóð, ñïîñîáå ïåðåäà÷è ïàðàìåòðîâ ïðîöåäóðå è èõ ÷èñëå. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.2> |
| <h2 id=11.2> |
| 11.2 Ñòåêîâûå ïðîöåäóðû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñòåêîâûå ïðîöåäóðû ïî óìîë÷àíèþ îáúÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðè ïîìîùè èäåíòèôèêàòîðà, |
| êîòîðûé ñîäåðæèò, ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå, îäèí ñèìâîë ñòðî÷íûõ áóêâ (áóêâ íèæíåãî |
| 3882,10 → 3881,10 |
|---|
| Â ñëåäóþùåì ïðèìåðå ñòåêîâàÿ ïðîöåäóðà âîçâðàùàåò ñóììó âñåõ ñâîèõ |
| ïàðàìåòðîâ (èìåþùèõ ðàçëè÷íûå òèïû) êàê âåëè÷èíó òèïà word: |
| |
| word add_them_all (int a,b,c; byte d,e; word x,y) |
| { |
| return( a+b+c+d+e+x+y ); |
| } |
| word add_them_all (int a,b,c; byte d,e; word x,y) |
| { |
| return( a+b+c+d+e+x+y ); |
| } |
| |
| Ðàíåå C-- äåëàë âûçîâû ñòåêîâûõ ïðîöåäóð ëèøü â ñòèëå <b>pascal</b>. |
| Ïðåèìóùåñòâîì ýòîãî ñïîñîáà âûçîâà ïðîöåäóð ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîìïàêòíîñòü è áîëåå |
| 3949,12 → 3948,12 |
|---|
| íåîáÿçàòåëüíî (òîãäà êîìïèëÿòîð íå áóäåò êîíòðîëèðîâàòü ÷èñëî è òèï |
| ïåðåäàâàåìûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ), íî åñëè Âû èõ âñòàâèòå, òî âêëþ÷èòñÿ ìåõàíèçì |
| êîíòðîëÿ çà ÷èñëîì è òèïîì ïàðàìåòðîâ. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.3> |
| <h2 id=11.3> |
| 11.3 Ðåãèñòðîâûå ïðîöåäóðû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ðåãèñòðîâûå ïðîöåäóðû îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ, ïî óìîë÷àíèþ, ïðè ïîìîùè |
| èäåíòèôèêàòîðà, êîòîðûé íå ñîäåðæèò ñèìâîëîâ ñòðî÷íûõ áóêâ. Èëè æå ÿâíûì |
| 4000,12 → 3999,12 |
|---|
| Äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû èñïîëüçîâàòü ðåãèñòðîâóþ ïðîöåäóðó êàê ìàêðîêîìàíäó, |
| îíà äîëæíà áûòü îáúÿâëåíà êàê äèíàìè÷åñêàÿ ïðîöåäóðà. Äèíàìè÷åñêèå |
| ïðîöåäóðû îïèñàíû â ñëåäóþùåì ïîäðàçäåëå. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.4> |
| <h2 id=11.4> |
| 11.4 Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåäóðû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåäóðû - ïðîöåäóðû, êîòîðûå îïðåäåëåíû, íî âñòàâëÿþòñÿ |
| â êîä ïðîãðàììû, òîëüêî åñëè åñòü âûçîâ. Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåäóðû ìîãóò |
| 4029,12 → 4028,12 |
|---|
| IF (int AX < 0) |
| -AX; |
| } |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.4.1> |
| <h2 id=11.4.1> |
| 11.4.1 Óñòàíîâêà äèíàìè÷åñêîé ïðîöåäóðû â îïðåäåëåííîå ìåñòî ïðîãðàììû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåäóðû, åñëè îíè íå èñïîëüçóþòñÿ êàê ìàêðîñû è åñëè |
| îíè áûëè âîñòðåáîâàíû â ïðîãðàììå, âñòàâëÿþòñÿ â êîä ïðîãðàììû â ñàìîì |
| 4054,12 → 4053,12 |
|---|
| |
| @ void proc (); |
| |
|  èòîãå äèíàìè÷åñêàÿ ïðîöåäóðà áóäåò âñòàâëåíà â êîä ïðîãðàììû íå â |
|  èòîãå äèíàìè÷åñêàÿ ïðîöåäóðà áóäåò âñòàâëåíà â êîä ïðîãðàììû íå â |
| êîíöå åå, êàê îáû÷íî, à â ìåñòå, ãäå áóäåò ðàñïîëîæåíà ýòà ñòðîêà. Åñëè |
| äèíàìè÷åñêàÿ ïðîöåäóðà èìååò ïàðàìåòðû, òî ïðîïèñûâàòü ýòè ïàðàìåòðû |
| íåîáÿçàòåëüíî. |
| |
| Â êîìïèëÿòîðå åñòü åùå áîëåå ìîùíîå ñðåäñòâî, ïîçâîëÿþùåå âñå |
| Â êîìïèëÿòîðå åñòü åùå áîëåå ìîùíîå ñðåäñòâî, ïîçâîëÿþùåå âñå |
| äèíàìè÷åñêèå îáúåêòû ( ïðîöåäóðû, ïåðåìåííûå, ñòðóêòóðû ) ðàñïîëîæèòü â |
| óêàçàííîì ìåñòå, à íå â êîíöå ïðîãðàììû, êàê îáû÷íî. Ýòî äèðåêòèâà |
| <b>#setdinproc</b>. Âñòðåòèâ ýòó äèðåêòèâó, êîìïèëÿòîð íåìåäëåííî ðàñïîëîæèò âñå |
| 4068,14 → 4067,14 |
|---|
| îáû÷íî, â êîíöå ïðîãðàììû, åñëè êîíå÷íî, íå áóäåò ïîâòîðíî ïðèìåíåíà |
| äèðåêòèâà <b>#setdinproc</b>. |
| |
| Ýòî ìîæåò áûòü ïðèìåíåíî è áûòü ïîëåçíûì ïðè ñîçäàíèè ðåçèäåíòíûõ |
| Ýòî ìîæåò áûòü ïðèìåíåíî è áûòü ïîëåçíûì ïðè ñîçäàíèè ðåçèäåíòíûõ |
| ïðîãðàìì (TSR) è äðàéâåðîâ óñòðîéñòâ. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.5> |
| <h2 id=11.5> |
| 11.5 inline-ïðîöåäóðû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| inline-ïðîöåäóðàìè ìîãóò áûòü äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåäóðû, êîòîðûå ìîæíî |
| èñïîëüçîâàòü êàê ìàêðîñû. Íî â îòëè÷èå îò ìàêðîñîâ, inline-ïðîöåäóðû, ïðè |
| 4106,14 → 4105,14 |
|---|
| { |
| IF ( int AX < 0 ) -AX ; |
| } |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.5.1> |
| <h2 id=11.5.1> |
| 11.5.1 Äðóãîå ïðèìåíåíèå inline. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî <b>inline</b> èìååò â ïðîöåäóðàõ è äðóãîå ïðèìåíåíèå. Åñëè |
| Êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî <b>inline</b> èìååò â ïðîöåäóðàõ è äðóãîå ïðèìåíåíèå. Åñëè |
| ýòî ñëîâî ðàñïîëîæåíî ïåðåä íà÷àëîì áëîêà ïðîöåäóðû, òî äëÿ òàêîé |
| ïðîöåäóðû íå ñîçäàåòñÿ êàäð ñòåêà è íå ãåíåðèðóåòñÿ çàâåðøàþùèé ïðîöåäóðó |
| <b>ret</b>. Ïðèìåð: |
| 4124,7 → 4123,7 |
|---|
| ... |
| } |
| |
| Òàêèå ïðîöåäóðû íå äîëæíû ñîäåðæàòü ëîêàëüíûõ ïåðåìåííûõ. Åñëè |
| Òàêèå ïðîöåäóðû íå äîëæíû ñîäåðæàòü ëîêàëüíûõ ïåðåìåííûõ. Åñëè |
| ïðîöåäóðà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåãèñòðîâîé (òèï <b>fastcall</b>), òî ñ ïåðåäà÷åé åé |
| ïàðàìåòðîâ íåò ïðîáëåì. Åñëè æå ïðîöåäóðà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñòåêîâîé, òî ïåðåäàòü |
| â òàêóþ ïðîöåäóðó ïàðàìåòðû Âû ìîæåòå, íî âîñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ ýòèìè |
| 4135,20 → 4134,20 |
|---|
| inline |
| { |
| AX=par1; /* êîìïèëÿòîð îáðàòèòñÿ ñ ïàðàìåòðó 'par1' ÷åðåç ðåãèñòð BP. |
| Íî òàê êàê êàäð ñòåêà íå áûë ñîçäàí, ïðè âûïîëíåíèè ýòîãî |
| Íî òàê êàê êàäð ñòåêà íå áûë ñîçäàí, ïðè âûïîëíåíèè ýòîãî |
| êîäà ïðîãðàììà áóäåò ðàáîòàòü íå ïðàâèëüíî. */ |
| ... |
| } |
| |
| Âñòðåòèâ òàêîå îïðåäåëåíèå ïðîöåäóðû, êîìïèëÿòîð âûäàñò ïðåäóïðåæäåíèå |
| Âñòðåòèâ òàêîå îïðåäåëåíèå ïðîöåäóðû, êîìïèëÿòîð âûäàñò ïðåäóïðåæäåíèå |
| î òîì, ÷òî â òàêèõ ïðîöåäóðàõ èñïîëüçîâàòü ëîêàëüíûå è ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêèå |
| ïåðåìåííûå íåëüçÿ. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.6> |
| <h2 id=11.6> |
| 11.6 Ïðîöåäóðû îáðàáîòêè ïðåðûâàíèé. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïðîöåäóðû îáðàáîòêè ïðåðûâàíèé îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ ñëåäóþùèì ñïîñîáîì: |
| |
| 4183,12 → 4182,12 |
|---|
| |
| Ïðè çàâåðøåíèè ïðîöåäóðû ïðåðûâàíèÿ áóäåò àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ñãåíåðèðîâàíà |
| èíñòðóêöèÿ âûõîäà èç îáðàáîò÷èêà ïðåðûâàíèÿ - IRET. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.7> |
| <h2 id=11.7> |
| 11.7 Çàìåíà return íà goto. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Â íåêîòîðûõ ñèòóàöèÿõ, ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè ïðîãðàììû, îïåðàòîð <b>return</b> |
| áóäåò çàìåíÿòüñÿ íà <b>goto</b>. Ýòî ïðîèñõîäèò ïðè ðàçðåøåííîé îïòèìèçàöèè ïî |
| 4212,12 → 4211,12 |
|---|
| êîìïèëÿòîð âûäàñò ñîîáùåíèå îá îøèáêå. Ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè <b>return</b> íà |
| ðàññòîÿíèè ìåíüøå 128 áàéò äî êîíöà êîäà, êîìïèëÿòîð âûäàñò âàì |
| ïðåäóïðåæäåíèå î âîçìîæíîì èñïîëüçîâàíèè <b>RETURN</b>. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.8> |
| <h2 id=11.8> |
| 11.8 Âîçâðàùàåìûå çíà÷åíèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Âîçâðàùàåìûå èç ôóíêöèé çíà÷åíèÿ ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ â ðåãèñòðàõ.  òàáëèöå |
| ïîêàçàíî, êàêîé ðåãèñòð èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ êàæäîãî èç âîçâðàùàåìûõ òèïîâ: |
| 4263,7 → 4262,7 |
|---|
| carry ôëàãà, à íå ñðàâíåíèå ðåãèñòðà AX. Ïðèìåð èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ âîçâðàòà |
| ôëàãîâ èç ïðîöåäóð: |
| |
| int CARRYFLAG FOPEN(); // îáúÿâëåíèå ïðîöåäóðû |
| int CARRYFLAG FOPEN(); // îáúÿâëåíèå ïðîöåäóðû |
| |
| void proc() |
| { |
| 4283,16 → 4282,16 |
|---|
| À âîò âàðèàíòû, â êîòîðûõ, íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî äëÿ ïðîöåäóðû îáúÿâëåí |
| âîçâðàò ôëàãà, áóäåò ïðîèçâîäèòüñÿ ñðàâíåíèå ðåãèñòðà AX: |
| |
| IF ( FOPEN() == 5 )... // ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ ñðàâíåíèå |
| IF ( FOPEN() == 5 )... // ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ ñðàâíåíèå |
| IF ( FOPEN() + 2 )... // ðåçóëüòàò ïðîöåäóðû ïîäâåðãàåòñÿ äàëüíåéøåìó |
| // âû÷èñëåíèþ, â ðåçóëüòàòå êîòîðîãî ôëàãè áóäóò |
| // èçìåíåíû. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| // èçìåíåíû. |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.9> |
| <h2 id=11.9> |
| 11.9 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ â ðåãèñòðîâûõ ïðîöåäóðàõ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ðàíåå êàæäîìó ïàðàìåòðó ðåãèñòðîâîé ïðîöåäóðû ñîîòâåòñòâîâàë ñòðîãî |
| îïðåäåëåííûé ðåãèñòð. Íàïðèìåð, äëÿ ïåðåìåííûõ òèïà int èëè word ïåðâûé |
| 4313,11 → 4312,11 |
|---|
| ïàðàìåòð ïðîöåäóðå, åãî ðàçìåðíîñòüþ è ÷èñëîì ïåðåäàâàåìûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ. Âîò |
| êàê áóäåò âûãëÿäåòü îáúÿâëåíèå è èñïîëüçîâàíèå ïðîöåäóðû STRCPY: |
| |
| void STRCPY ( DI, SI ) ; //ýòî îáúÿâëåíèå ïðîöåäóðû |
| void STRCPY ( DI, SI ) ; //ýòî îáúÿâëåíèå ïðîöåäóðû |
| |
| void main () |
| { |
| STRCPY ( #dest, #sourc ) ; //à ýòî âûçîâ ïðîöåäóðû |
| STRCPY ( #dest, #sourc ) ; //à ýòî âûçîâ ïðîöåäóðû |
| } |
| |
| Ìîæíî íå äåëàòü îáúÿâëåíèÿ ïðîöåäóðû, à óêàçàòü ðàñïîëîæåíèå ðåãèñòðîâ |
| 4357,7 → 4356,7 |
|---|
| | |---------------------------------------- Ìîäèôèêàòîð, óêàçûâàþùèé, ÷òî |
| | ýòà ïðîö. ÿâë. ðåãèñòðîâîé. |
| |--------------------------------------------- Ïðîöåäóðà âîçâðàùàåò ïåðåìåí. |
| òèïà int. |
| òèïà int. |
| |
| Åñëè Âû ñäåëàëè îáúÿâëåíèå ðåãèñòðîâ ïðîöåäóðû, òî êîìïèëÿòîð áóäåò |
| ñòðîãî ñëåäèòü çà êîëè÷åñòâîì óêàçàííûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ ïðè âûçîâå ýòîé |
| 4376,12 → 4375,12 |
|---|
| íè â çàãîëîâêå ñàìîé ïðîöåäóðû, òî êîìïèëÿòîð áóäåò ñ÷èòàòü, ÷òî ïàðàìåòðû |
| â ýòó ïðîöåäóðó ïåðåäàþòñÿ ñòàðûì ñïîñîáîì. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, äîñòèãàåòñÿ |
| ïîëíàÿ ñîâìåñòèìîñòü ñ ïðåäûäóùèìè âåðñèÿìè êîìïèëÿòîðà. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.10> |
| <h2 id=11.10> |
| 11.10 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ â ñòåêîâûõ ïðîöåäóðàõ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Êàê èçâåñòíî, ðàíåå â C-- êîíòðîëü çà ÷èñëîì è òèïîì ïåðåäàâàåìûõ |
| ïðîöåäóðå ïàðàìåòðîâ âîçëàãàëñÿ íà ïðîãðàììèñòà. Ïîýòîìó âîçíèêëà íåïðîñòàÿ |
| 4423,12 → 4422,12 |
|---|
| Âîò êàê áóäåò âûãëÿäåòü îáúÿâëåíèå ïðîöåäóðû printf: |
| |
| void cdecl printf ( word, ... ); |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.11> |
| <h2 id=11.11> |
| 11.11 Èñïîëüçîâàíèå ìàêðîêîìàíä. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Òåïåðü ëþáàÿ äèíàìè÷åñêàÿ ïðîöåäóðà ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíà êàê ìàêðîñ. |
| Åñëè ïåðåä âûçîâîì äèíàìè÷åñêîé ïðîöåäóðû ïîñòàâèòü ñèìâîë <b>@</b>, òî êîä ýòîé |
| 4439,12 → 4438,12 |
|---|
| èíñòðóêöèåé <b>ADD SP,SIZE_PARAMETRS</b> ñðàçó ïîñëå îêîí÷àíèÿ êîäà âñòàâëåííîãî |
| ìàêðîñà. Ïîýòîìó, åñëè ýòà ïðîöåäóðà èñïîëüçîâàëà ôëàãè â êà÷åñòâå |
| âîçâðàòà, òî îíè áóäóò ðàçðóøåíû. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.12> |
| <h2 id=11.12> |
| 11.12 Ïåðåäà÷à ïàðàìåòðîâ â ñòåêîâûå ïðîöåäóðû ÷åðåç ðåãèñòðû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïðè ïåðåäà÷å ïàðàìåòðîâ ÷åðåç ðåãèñòðû, ÷àùå âñåãî ïîëó÷àåòñÿ áîëåå |
| êîìïàêòíûé è áûñòðûé êîä. Íî ñîäåðæèìîå ðåãèñòðîâ ìîæåò áûòü ëåãêî |
| 4479,12 → 4478,12 |
|---|
| ïðîöåäóð òèïà <b>pascal</b> ðåãèñòðîâûå ïàðàìåòðû ëó÷øå ðàñïîëàãàòü ïîñëå |
| ñòåêîâûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ. Äëÿ ïðîöåäóð òèïà <b>cdecl è stdcall</b> ñíà÷àëà ëó÷øå |
| ðàñïîëàãàòü ðåãèñòðîâûå ïàðàìåòðû. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.13> |
| <h2 id=11.13> |
| 11.13 Âûçîâ ïðîöåäóð ñ àäðåñîì â ðåãèñòðå. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Â C-- äîïóñòèìî äåëàòü âûçîâ ïðîöåäóðû, àäðåñ êîòîðîé íàõîäèòñÿ â |
| ðåãèñòðå. Ïàðàìåòðû äëÿ òàêîãî âûçîâà ïåðåäàþòñÿ òîëüêî ÷åðåç ñòåê. Òèï |
| 4512,12 → 4511,12 |
|---|
| 0111 85C0 test ax,ax |
| 0113 7503 jne 118h |
| 0115 B80200 mov ax,2 |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.14> |
| <h2 id=11.14> |
| 11.14 Âñòðîåííûå â êîìïèëÿòîð ïðîöåäóðû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Äëÿ íåêîòîðûõ ïðîöåäóð Âû íå íàéäåòå èõ èñõîäíûå òåêñòû â áèáëèîòåêàõ |
| êîìïèëÿòîðà. Êîä ýòèõ ïðîöåäóð ãåíåðèðóåò êîìïèëÿòîð. Âîò ñïèñîê ýòèõ |
| 4553,12 → 4552,12 |
|---|
| áèáëèîòå÷íûå ïðîöåäóðû. Âñòðåòèâ îïðåäåëåíèå òàêîé ïðîöåäóðû, êîìïèëÿòîð íå |
| áóäåò âûäàâàòü íèêàêèõ ñîîáùåíèå, îí ïðîñòî áóäåò ïðèìåíÿòü Âàø âàðèàíò |
| ïðîöåäóðû. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.14.1> |
| <h2 id=11.14.1> |
| 11.14.1 Ïðîöåäóðû ABORT, ATEXIT è EXIT. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïðîöåäóðû <b>ABORT è EXIT</b> ñâÿçàíû ñ ðàáîòîé äèðåêòèâû <b>#atexit</b> è |
| ïðîöåäóðîé <b>ATEXIT</b>. Íàèáîëåå îïòèìàëüíóþ èõ ðåàëèçàöèþ è âçàèìíóþ |
| 4584,13 → 4583,13 |
|---|
| ðàáîòó ïðîãðàììû ñ êîäîì âîçâðàòà 0. Ïðîöåäóðå <b>EXIT</b> ïåðåäàåòñÿ â |
| êà÷åñòâå ïàðàìåòðà êîä âîçâðàòà, ñ êîòîðûì îíà è çàâåðøàåò ðàáîòó |
| ïðîãðàììû. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.14.2> |
| <h2 id=11.14.2> |
| 11.14.2 Ïðîöåäóðû inp/inportb, inport, inportd, outp/outportb, outport è |
| outportd |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ýòè ïðîöåäóðû âñåãäà âñòàâëÿþòñÿ â êîä êàê ìàêðîñû, ò.å. äëÿ ýòèõ |
| ïðîöåäóð íèêîãäà íå ãåíåðèðóåòñÿ âûçîâ ïðîöåäóðû. Â çàâèñèìîñòè îò |
| 4611,12 → 4610,12 |
|---|
| |
| Èìåíà ïðîöåäóð inp è inportb, òàêæå êàê è èìåíà outp è outportb |
| ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñèíîíèìàìè. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.14.3> |
| <h2 id=11.14.3> |
| 11.14.3 Ïðîöåäóðû äëÿ ðàáîòû ñ âåùåñòâåííûìè ÷èñëàìè. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ýòè ïðîöåäóðû ðåàëèçóþòñÿ êîìïèëÿòîðîì è âñåãäà âñòàâëÿþòñÿ â êîä êàê |
| ìàêðîñû, ò.å. äëÿ íèõ íèêîãäà íå ãåíåðèðóåòñÿ âûçîâ ïðîöåäóðû. Êðîìå |
| 4644,14 → 4643,14 |
|---|
| float sin ( float val ); |
| float sqrt ( float val ); |
| float tan ( float val ); |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.15.1> |
| <h2 id=11.15.1> |
| 11.15 Êëàññû. |
| |
| 11.15.1 Îáúÿâëåíèå ïðîöåäóð â ñòðóêòóðàõ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ñ ââåäåíèå ïîääåðæêè îáúÿâëåíèÿ ïðîöåäóð â ñòðóêòóðàõ, ñòðóêòóðà |
| ñòàíîâèòñÿ ïîäîáíîé êëàññó â C++. Ò.å. òàêàÿ ïðîöåäóðà ñòàíîâèòñÿ ìåòîäîì |
| 4659,15 → 4658,15 |
|---|
| |
| struct Point // îáúÿâëåíèå êëàññà |
| { |
| int x; // ýëåìåíòû äàííûõ |
| int y; // êëàññà òèïà Point |
| void SetX(int); // îáúÿâëåíèå ìåòîäîâ |
| void SetY(int); // êëàññà Point |
| int x; // ýëåìåíòû äàííûõ |
| int y; // êëàññà òèïà Point |
| void SetX(int); // îáúÿâëåíèå ìåòîäîâ |
| void SetY(int); // êëàññà Point |
| }; |
| |
| void Point::SetX(int _x) //îïðåäåëåíèå ïðîöåäóðû êëàññà Point |
| { |
| IF((_x>=0)&&(_x<=MAX_X)) x=_x; |
| IF((_x>=0)&&(_x<=MAX_X)) x=_x; |
| // ïåðåìåííûå x, y ÿâëÿþòñÿ ÷ëåíàìè ýòîãî êëàññà è ïîýòîìó äîñòóï ê íèì èç |
| // ïðîöåäóð ýòîãî æå êëàññà îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ íàïðÿìóþ. |
| } |
| 4690,12 → 4689,12 |
|---|
| ïðè åå îïðåäåëåíèè, â ñàìîì åå íà÷àëå, íàäî íàïèñàòü ñèìâîë äâîåòî÷èÿ <b>:</b> |
| (òàêæå êàê è äëÿ îáû÷íûõ äèíàìè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåäóð). Íî òàêàÿ äèíàìè÷åñêàÿ |
| ïðîöåäóðà íå ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíà êàê ìàêðîñ. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.15.2> |
| <h2 id=11.15.2> |
| 11.15.2 Íàñëåäîâàíèå. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Â C-- ïîääåðæèâàþòñÿ ïðîñòûå è ìíîæåñòâåííûå íàñëåäîâàíèÿ. Îáúÿâëåíèå |
| ñòðóêòóðû ñ íàñëåäîâàíèåì èìååò ñëåäóþùèé ñèíòàêñèñ: |
| 4753,14 → 4752,14 |
|---|
| d.C::x0=0; |
| |
| ÿâëÿþòñÿ ðàâíîçíà÷íûìè. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=11.15.3> |
| <h2 id=11.15.3> |
| 11.15.3 Íàñëåäîâàíèå ïðîöåäóð. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Åñëè â áàçîâîì êëàññå åñòü ïðîöåäóðà, à â ïðîèçâîäíîì êëàññå Âû ýòó |
| Åñëè â áàçîâîì êëàññå åñòü ïðîöåäóðà, à â ïðîèçâîäíîì êëàññå Âû ýòó |
| ïðîöåäóðó ïåðåîïðåäåëèëè, òî ýòà ïðîöåäóðà áóäåò ïåðåîïðåäåëåíà è â |
| áàçîâîì êëàññå. Òàêèì îáðàçîì ïðîöåäóðà îïðåäåëåííàÿ â áàçîâîì êëàññå |
| áóäåò ïîòåðÿíà. Ïðèìåð: |
| 4767,15 → 4766,15 |
|---|
| |
| struct Point // áàçîâûé êëàññ |
| { |
| int x; // ýëåìåíòû äàííûõ |
| int y; // êëàññà òèïà Point |
| void SetX(int); // îáúÿâëåíèå ìåòîäîâ |
| void SetY(int); // êëàññà Point |
| int x; // ýëåìåíòû äàííûõ |
| int y; // êëàññà òèïà Point |
| void SetX(int); // îáúÿâëåíèå ìåòîäîâ |
| void SetY(int); // êëàññà Point |
| }; |
| |
| void Point::SetX(int _x) // îïðåäåëåíèå ïðîöåäóðû êëàññà Point |
| { |
| IF((_x>=0)&&(_x<=MAX_X)) x=_x; |
| IF((_x>=0)&&(_x<=MAX_X)) x=_x; |
| } |
| |
| struct Point2 : Point // ïðîèçâîäíûé êëàññ |
| 4790,10 → 4789,10 |
|---|
| |
| void Point3::SetX(int _x) // â ýòîì ïðîèçâîäíîì êëàññå ïåðåîïðåäåëÿåì |
| { // ïðîöåäóðó SetX |
| IF((_x>=80)&&(_x<=MAX_X)) x=_x; |
| IF((_x>=80)&&(_x<=MAX_X)) x=_x; |
| } |
| |
| Ïðîöåäóðà SetX, îïðåäåëåííàÿ â áàçîâîì êëàññå Point, òåïåðü áóäåò |
| Ïðîöåäóðà SetX, îïðåäåëåííàÿ â áàçîâîì êëàññå Point, òåïåðü áóäåò |
| íåäîñòóïíà. Âìåñòî êîäà îïðåäåëåííîãî â ýòîì êëàññå, áóäåò âûçûâàòüñÿ êîä |
| ïðîöåäóðû, îïðåäåëåííûé â íàñëåäóåìîì êëàññå Point3. Ïðè âûçîâå ïðîöåäóðû |
| SetX èç äðóãîãî ïðîèçâîäíîãî êëàññà Point2 áóäåò òàêæå âûçûâàòüñÿ êîä |
| 4801,21 → 4800,21 |
|---|
| ïðîöåäóðó òàêèì îáðàçîì, Âû çàìåíèòå êîä ýòîé ïðîöåäóðû â áàçîâîì êëàññå è |
| âî âñåõ åãî íàñëåäóåìûõ êëàññàõ. |
| |
| Åñëè Âàì íåîáõîäèìî, ÷òîáû êîä íîâîé ïðîöåäóðû áûë äîñòóïåí |
| Åñëè Âàì íåîáõîäèìî, ÷òîáû êîä íîâîé ïðîöåäóðû áûë äîñòóïåí |
| îäíîâðåìåííî ñ êîäîì ñòàðîé ïðîöåäóðû, òî â ïðîèçâîäíîì êëàññå Âàì |
| íåîáõîäèìî ñäåëàòü åùå îäíî îáúÿâëåíèå ýòîé ïðîöåäóðû. Ïðèìåð: |
| |
| struct Point // áàçîâûé êëàññ |
| { |
| int x; // ýëåìåíòû äàííûõ |
| int y; // êëàññà òèïà Point |
| void SetX(int); // îáúÿâëåíèå ìåòîäîâ |
| void SetY(int); // êëàññà Point |
| int x; // ýëåìåíòû äàííûõ |
| int y; // êëàññà òèïà Point |
| void SetX(int); // îáúÿâëåíèå ìåòîäîâ |
| void SetY(int); // êëàññà Point |
| }; |
| |
| void Point::SetX(int _x) // îïðåäåëåíèå ïðîöåäóðû êëàññà Point |
| { |
| IF((_x>=0)&&(_x<=MAX_X)) x=_x; |
| IF((_x>=0)&&(_x<=MAX_X)) x=_x; |
| } |
| |
| struct Point2 : Point // ïðîèçâîäíûé êëàññ |
| 4832,24 → 4831,24 |
|---|
| |
| void Point3::SetX(int _x) // â ýòîì ïðîèçâîäíîì êëàññå ïåðåîïðåäåëÿåì |
| { // ïðîöåäóðó SetX |
| IF((_x>=80)&&(_x<=MAX_X)) x=_x; |
| EDI=this; |
| EDI.Point.SetX(_x); // äåëàåì âûçîâ îäíîèìåííîé ïðîöåäóðû èç |
| // áàçîâîãî êëàññà |
| IF((_x>=80)&&(_x<=MAX_X)) x=_x; |
| EDI=this; |
| EDI.Point.SetX(_x); // äåëàåì âûçîâ îäíîèìåííîé ïðîöåäóðû èç |
| // áàçîâîãî êëàññà |
| } |
| |
| Òåïåðü èç ïðîèçâîäíîãî êëàññà Point3 Âàì äîñòóïíû äâå ðàçëè÷íûå |
| Òåïåðü èç ïðîèçâîäíîãî êëàññà Point3 Âàì äîñòóïíû äâå ðàçëè÷íûå |
| ïðîöåäóðû ñ îäíèì èìåíåì SetX. À èç áàçîâîãî êëàññà Point è èç äðóãîãî |
| ïðîèçâîäíîãî êëàññà Point2 áóäåò ïî ïðåæíåìó äîñòóïåí òîëüêî áàçîâûé |
| âàðèàíò ïðîöåäóðû SetX. |
| <A href="#contents11" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents11"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.1> |
| <h2 id=12.1> |
| 12. Òèïû âûõîäíûõ ôàéëîâ. |
| |
| 12.1 Âûõîäíûå ôàéëû òèïà COM. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ýòîò òèï âûõîäíîãî ôàéëà ïîëó÷àåòñÿ àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ïî óìîë÷àíèþ. |
| |
| 4858,12 → 4857,12 |
|---|
| è small äëÿ 16-áèòíîãî êîäà, à òàêæå 32-áèòíûå äëÿ DOS è Windows. Òàêæå |
| åñòü âîçìîæíîñòü ïîëó÷åíèÿ âûõîäíîãî ôàéëà â ôîðìàòå OBJ, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò |
| ñâÿçûâàòü ïðîãðàììû íà C-- ñ ïðîãðàììàìè íà äðóãèõ ÿçûêàõ. |
| <A href="#contents12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.2> |
| <h2 id=12.2> |
| 12.2 Âûõîäíûå ôàéëû òèïà EXE. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ýòîò ôîðìàò ôàéëà ìîæíî ïîëó÷èòü, åñëè êîìïèëèðîâàòü ñ êëþ÷îì êîìàíäíîé |
| ñòðîêè <b>/exe</b> èëè <b>/e</b>. |
| 4870,12 → 4869,12 |
|---|
| |
| Âîçìîæíî òàêæå ïîääåðæêà EXE-ôîðìàòà ÷åðåç âûõîäíîé ôàéë ôîðìàòà OBJ, |
| êîòîðûé ìîæíî çàòåì îáðàáîòàòü ëèíêîâùèêîì, íå âõîäÿùèì â ïàêåò C--. |
| <A href="#contents12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.3> |
| <h2 id=12.3> |
| 12.3 Âûõîäíîé ôàéë *.EXE ñ ìîäåëüþ ïàìÿòè tiny. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ôàêòè÷åñêè êîä ôàéëà *.exe ìîäåëè <b>tiny</b> íè÷åì íå îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò êîäà |
| *.com. Â ñóùíîñòè, ýòî òîò æå com-ôàéë, ê êîòîðîìó äîáàâëåí 32-áàéòíûé |
| 4887,12 → 4886,12 |
|---|
| |
| ×òîáû ïîëó÷èòü exe-ôàéë ñ ìîäåëüþ ïàìÿòè <b>tiny</b>, íàäî çàïóñòèòü |
| êîìïèëÿòîð ñ êëþ÷îì â êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêå <b>/TEXE</b>. |
| <A href="#contents12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.4> |
| <h2 id=12.4> |
| 12.4 Îáúåêòíûé âûõîäíîé ôàéë OBJ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ C-- ìîæåò òîëüêî ñîçäàâàòü OBJ-ôàéëû, íî íå ìîæåò èõ |
| êîìïîíîâàòü. |
| 4914,8 → 4913,8 |
|---|
| // òèï cdecl è òèï âîçâðàòà void |
| extern int buts,cubs; // îáúÿâëåíèå äâóõ âíåøíèõ ïåðåìåííûõ òèïà int |
| extern struct IPXL ipxl; // îáúÿâëåíèå âíåøíåé ñòðóêòóðû ipxl èìåþùåé òåã |
| // IPXL, ïðè÷åì òåã ýòîé ñòðóêòóðû äîëæåí áûòü |
| // îïèñàí ðàíåå. |
| // IPXL, ïðè÷åì òåã ýòîé ñòðóêòóðû äîëæåí áûòü |
| // îïèñàí ðàíåå. |
| |
| Ïîÿâëåíèå âîçìîæíîñòè îáúÿâëÿòü âíåøíèå îáúåêòû ïîçâîëÿåò ïîäêëþ÷àòü ê |
| obj-ìîäóëþ íà C-- ìîäóëè íàïèñàííûå íà äðóãèõ ÿçûêàõ èëè ïîäêëþ÷àòü ê |
| 4941,14 → 4940,14 |
|---|
| óäàëîñü ëèøü ñ ïîìîùüþ wlink è ðàñøèðèòåëÿ zrdx.exe. |
| |
| Ñîçäàíèå obj-ôàéëîâ ïîä windows íå ïðåäóñìîòðåíî. |
| <A href="#contents12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.5.1> |
| <h2 id=12.5.1> |
| 12.5 COM ôàéë symbiosis. |
| |
| 12.5.1 ÑÈÌÁÈÎÇ - ÷òî ýòî òàêîå? |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Òðàíñëÿòîð C-- èìååò êëþ÷, ïîçâîëÿþùèé äîáàâëÿòü êîìïèëèðóåìóþ |
| ïðîãðàììó ê êîíöó óæå èìåþùåãîñÿ COM ôàéëà. Ýòî íàçûâàþò COM-ôàéë |
| 4960,12 → 4959,12 |
|---|
| ïðåêðàòèòñÿ, è ïåðâîíà÷àëüíûé êîä COM-ôàéëà íå áóäåò âûïîëíåí. Ýòî |
| ïîçâîëÿåò ïðîãðàììå, äîáàâëåííîé ê COM ôàéëó, îïðåäåëÿòü, áóäåò ëè |
| óïðàâëåíèå ïåðåäàíî íà ïåðâîíà÷àëüíûé êîä. |
| <A href="#contents12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.5.2> |
| <h2 id=12.5.2> |
| 12.5.2 Êàê ýòî äåëàòü. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| ×òîáû ñäåëàòü ýòî, Âû äîëæíû èñïîëüçîâàòü êëþ÷ <b>/SYM</b> â êîìàíäíîé |
| ñòðîêå êîìïèëÿòîðà, â êîòîðîé óêàçûâàåòñÿ ïîëíîå èìÿ COM-ôàéëà, ê |
| 4976,37 → 4975,37 |
|---|
| C-- /SYM C:\COMMAND.COM HELLO.C-- |
| |
| Áóäåò ñîçäàí âûõîäíîé ôàéë HELLO.COM . |
| <A href="#contents12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.5.3> |
| <h2 id=12.5.3> |
| 12.5.3 Èñïîëüçîâàíèå. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Âû ìîæåòå, âåðîÿòíî, ïðèäóìàòü áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ïóòåé èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ |
| ýòîé ôóíêöèè, òèïà: |
| |
| - Äîáàâëåíèå çàùèòû ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ïàðîëÿ ê íåêîòîðûì |
| ñïåöèàëüíûì COM ôàéëàì. |
| ñïåöèàëüíûì COM ôàéëàì. |
| - Óìåíüøåíèå ïàìÿòè, äîñòóïíîé COM ôàéëó ïðè çàïóñêå. |
| - Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ ðåæèìà âèäåî äëÿ COM ôàéëà. |
| <A href="#contents12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.5.4> |
| <h2 id=12.5.4> |
| 12.5.4 Çëîóïîòðåáëåíèÿ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ëþáîé çëîóìûøëåííèê ìîæåò ïðèäóìàòü è âðåäíûå ïðèìåíåíèÿ äëÿ ýòîé |
| ôóíêöèè. Íàèáîëåå î÷åâèäíîå èç íèõ - ñîçäàíèå òðîÿíñêèõ êîíåé. ß õîòåë áû |
| óêàçàòü, ÷òî ýòî íåêîíñòðóêòèâíîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå C--, è ëþáîå |
| ðàçðóøèòåëüíîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå ñèìáèîçîâ COM-ôàéëîâ çàïðåùåíî. |
| <A href="#contents12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.6> |
| <h2 id=12.6> |
| 12.6 SYS - äðàéâåðû óñòðîéñòâ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Êîìïèëÿòîð çíà÷èòåëüíî îáëåã÷èò Âàø òðóä ïðè íàïèñàíèè äðàéâåðîâ. |
| Êîìïèëÿòîð ñàì ñîçäàñò çàãîëîâîê äðàéâåðà è ïðîöåäóðû <b>ÑÒÐÀÒÅÃÈß</b> è |
| 5049,12 → 5048,12 |
|---|
| äðóãèõ ïðîöåäóðàõ îáðàáîòêè êîìàíä èñïîëüçóåòå äèíàìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåäóðû, |
| îáÿçàòåëüíî äîëæíà áûòü äèðåêòèâà <b>?setdinproc</b>. Ãëîáàëüíûå ïåðåìåííûå äîëæíû |
| áûòü îáÿçàòåëüíî ïðîèíèöèàëèçèðîâàíû. |
| <A href="#contents12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.7> |
| <h2 id=12.7> |
| 12.7 Êîìïèëÿöèÿ êîäà ðàñøèðèòåëåé ROM-BIOS. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ðàñøèðèòåëè ROM-BIOS (BIOS âèäåîêîíòðîëëåðîâ, ñåòåâûõ êàðò...) èìåþò |
| îïðåäåëåííóþ ñòðóêòóðó è òðåáîâàíèÿ. C-- òåïåðü ìîæåò îáëåã÷èòü Âàì ïðîöåññ |
| 5106,14 → 5105,14 |
|---|
| 3. Åñëè äèðåêòèâà <b>?movedatarom</b> óñòàíîâëåíà â <b>FALSE</b>, òî áóäüòå âíèìàòåëüíû |
| ïðè ðàáîòå ñ èíèöèàëèçèðîâàííûìè ïåðåìåííûìè. Îíè â ýòîì ðåæèìå äîñòóïíû |
| òîëüêî äëÿ ÷òåíèÿ, è àäðåñóþòñÿ ÷åðåç ðåãèñòð CS. |
| <A href="#contents12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.8.1> |
| <h2 id=12.8.1> |
| 12.8 32-áèòíûå ôàéëû. |
| |
| 12.8.1 32-áèòíûé êîä ïîä DOS. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû îòêîìïèëèðîâàòü 32-áèòíóþ ïðîãðàììó ïîä DOS íàäî |
| çàïóñòèòü êîìïèëÿòîð ñ êëþ÷îì êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè <b>/d32</b>. Íî ðàáîòà 32-áèòíîé |
| 5154,12 → 5153,12 |
|---|
| îáû÷íàÿ DOS ïðîãðàììà, è ëèøü â ïðîöåññå ðàáîòû ïåðåõîäèò â 32-áèòíûé |
| ðåæèì ðàáîòû, ðàçìåð ïðîãðàììû îãðàíè÷åí ðàçìåðîì ñâîáîäíîé DOS ïàìÿòè. |
| Íó à ïðåèìóùåñòâîì åãî ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîìïàêòíûé ðàçìåð èñïîëíÿåìîãî ôàéëà. |
| <A href="#contents12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.8.2> |
| <h2 id=12.8.2> |
| 12.8.2 32-áèòíûé êîä ïîä Windows. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû îòêîìïèëèðîâàòü ïðîãðàììó, íàïèñàííóþ ïîä Windows íàäî |
| çàïóñòèòü êîìïèëÿòîð ñ êëþ÷îì êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè <b>/w32</b>. |
| 5188,30 → 5187,30 |
|---|
| |
| Ñ ïîìîùþ êëþ÷à <b>/W32C</b> êîìïèëÿòîð ñîçäàåò êîíñîëüíûé ôàéë ïîä Windows. |
| |
| Åñëè ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè óêàçûâàëè îïöèþ êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè <b>/j0</b> èëè |
| Åñëè ïðè êîìïèëÿöèè óêàçûâàëè îïöèþ êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè <b>/j0</b> èëè |
| äèðåêòèâó <b>#jumptomain NONE</b>, òî Âàøà ïðîãðàììà áóäåò êîìïèëèðîâàòüñÿ áåç |
| èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ êîäà íà÷àëüíîé èíèöèàëèçàöèè, îïèñàíèå êîòîðîãî íàõîäèòñÿ â |
| ôàéëå startup.h--. |
| |
| Êîä íà÷àëüíîé èíèöèàëèçàöèè äëÿ ïðîãðàìì ïîä Windows èìååò ñëåäóþùèé |
| Êîä íà÷àëüíîé èíèöèàëèçàöèè äëÿ ïðîãðàìì ïîä Windows èìååò ñëåäóþùèé |
| âèä: |
| |
| hThisInst=GetModuleHandleA(0); |
| hThisInst=GetModuleHandleA(0); |
| #ifdef __CONSOLE__ |
| hStdOut=GetStdHandle(-11); |
| hStdOut=GetStdHandle(-11); |
| #endif |
| lpszArgs=GetCommandLineA(); |
| #ifdef __environ; |
| environ=GetEnvironmentStringsA(); |
| environ=GetEnvironmentStringsA(); |
| #endif |
| main(); |
| ExitProcess(EAX); |
| main(); |
| ExitProcess(EAX); |
| |
| Òàêèì îáðàçîì, â ãëîáàëüíûõ ïåðåìåííûõ <b>hThisInst</b> áóäåò íàõîäèòñÿ |
| Òàêèì îáðàçîì, â ãëîáàëüíûõ ïåðåìåííûõ <b>hThisInst</b> áóäåò íàõîäèòñÿ |
| handl çàïóùåííîãî ôàéëà, à â <b>lpszArgs</b> àäðåñ êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè Âàøåãî |
| ôàéëà. Åñëè Âû â êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêå óêàçàëè îïöèè <b>/p</b> èëè <b>/argc</b> èëè â |
| íà÷àëå âàøåãî ôàéëà åñòü äèðåêòèâû <b>#parsecommandline TRUE</b> èëè <b>argc TRUE</b>, |
| òî êîìïèëÿòîð ñîçäàñò äîïîëíèòåëüíûé êîä ñäåëàþùèé ðàçáîðêó ýòîé |
| òî êîìïèëÿòîð ñîçäàñò äîïîëíèòåëüíûé êîä ñäåëàþùèé ðàçáîðêó ýòîé |
| êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè íà ÷àñòè. Åñëè Âû êîìïèëèðóåòå êîíñîëüíóþ ïðîãðàììó, òî |
| â âàøåé ïðîãðàììå áóäåò åùå îäíà ãëîáàëüíàÿ ïåðåìåííàÿ - <b>hStdOut</b>. Â ýòîé |
| ïåðåìåííîé õðàíèòñÿ handl ñòàíäàðòíîãî âûâîäà (ýêðàíà). Åñëè Âû ïðè |
| 5218,7 → 5217,7 |
|---|
| êîìïèëÿöèè ïðîãðàììû óêàçàëè îïöèþ <b>/env</b>, òî â ãëîáàëüíîé ïåðåìåííîé |
| <b>environ</b> õðàíèòñÿ àäðåñ ïåðåìåííîé îêðóæåíèÿ ïðîãðàììû. |
| |
| Ïîñëå çàâåðøåíèÿ ðàáîòû ïðîöåäóðû <b>main</b> âûïîëíÿòñÿ ïðîöåäóðà |
| Ïîñëå çàâåðøåíèÿ ðàáîòû ïðîöåäóðû <b>main</b> âûïîëíÿòñÿ ïðîöåäóðà |
| <b>ExitProcess</b>, êîòîðîé â êà÷åñòâå ïàðàìåòðà ïåðåäàåòñÿ ðåãèñòð EAX. Ò.î. |
| Âàì äëÿ çàâåðøåíèÿ ðàáîòû ïðîãðàììû áóäåò äîñòàòî÷íî ñäåëàòü âûõîä èç |
| ïðîöåäóðû <b>main</b>, ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî çàãðóçèâ â ðåãèñòð EAX íóæíûé Âàì êîä |
| 5241,12 → 5240,12 |
|---|
| |
| ò.å. áåç êðóãëûõ ñêîáîê. Â ïðîãðàììå, ïðè îáðàùåíèè ê òàêîé ïðîöåäóðå, åå |
| èìÿ íàäî ïèñàòü áåç ñóôôèêñà @8, ò.å. âîò òàê - ProcName(param1,param2); |
| <A href="#contents12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.8.3> |
| <h2 id=12.8.3> |
| 12.8.3 Âûçîâ API ïðîöåäóð ïî îðäèíàëàì. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
|  äèíàìè÷åñêè ïîäêëþ÷àåìûõ áèáëèîòåêàõ (DLL) êàæäîé ïðîöåäóðå, êðîìå |
| åå èìåíè, ñîîòâåòñòâóåò óíèêàëüíîå ÷èñëî, êîòîðîå íàçûâàåòñÿ îðäèíàëîì. È |
| 5268,14 → 5267,14 |
|---|
| ìîæíî äâóìÿ ñïîñîáàìè: |
| |
| a). Àâòîìàòè÷åñêè, ñ ïîìîùüþ îïöèè êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêè <b>IND=name.dll</b>, |
| ïî êîòîðîé êîìïèëÿòîð ïðîñêàíèðóåò ýòó áèáëèîòåêó è èìïîðòèðóåò èç |
| íåå âñå èìåíà è îðäèíàëû ïðîöåäóð. (Èìïîðò âîçìîæåò òîëüêî èç |
| áèáëèîòåê èìåþùèõ ôîðìàò PE). |
| ïî êîòîðîé êîìïèëÿòîð ïðîñêàíèðóåò ýòó áèáëèîòåêó è èìïîðòèðóåò èç |
| íåå âñå èìåíà è îðäèíàëû ïðîöåäóð. (Èìïîðò âîçìîæåò òîëüêî èç |
| áèáëèîòåê èìåþùèõ ôîðìàò PE). |
| |
| b).  ðó÷íóþ óêàçàòü â îáúÿâëåíèè API-ïðîöåäóð è åå îðäèíàë. Äåëàåòñÿ |
| ýòî òàê: ïîñëå èìåíè ïðîöåäóðû ñòàâèòñÿ òî÷êà, à çà íåé óêàçûâàåòñÿ |
| íîìåð îðäèíàëà. Âîò ïðèìåð îáúÿâëåíèÿ API-ïðîöåäóðû ñ óêàçàíèåì åå |
| îðäèíàëà: |
| ýòî òàê: ïîñëå èìåíè ïðîöåäóðû ñòàâèòñÿ òî÷êà, à çà íåé óêàçûâàåòñÿ |
| íîìåð îðäèíàëà. Âîò ïðèìåð îáúÿâëåíèÿ API-ïðîöåäóðû ñ óêàçàíèåì åå |
| îðäèíàëà: |
| |
| extern WINAPI "user32.dll" |
| { |
| 5297,12 → 5296,12 |
|---|
| Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, íåò íèêàêèõ ãàðàíòèé òîãî, ÷òî íîìåð îðäèíàëà äëÿ äàííîé |
| ïðîöåäóðû íå èçìåíèòñÿ ïðè ñìåíå âåðñèè äèíàìè÷åñêîé áèáëèîòåêè. Ïîýòîìó |
| èñïîëüçîâàòü îðäèíàëû íàäî îñòîðîæíî. |
| <A href="#contents12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.8.4> |
| <h2 id=12.8.4> |
| 12.8.4 Ñîçäàíèå DLL ïîä Windows. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Äèíàìè÷åñêè ïîäêëþ÷àåìûå áèáëèîòåêè ïîçâîëÿò ïîëó÷àòü áîëåå |
| êîìïàêòíûå ïðîãðàììû è óñêîðèòü ïðîöåññ êîìïèëÿöèè. Ê ìèíóñàì |
| 5324,12 → 5323,12 |
|---|
| êàê <b>_export</b> íåîáÿçàòåëüíî. Çàòåì ýòîò ôàéë íóæíî îòêîìïèëèðîâàòü ñ êëþ÷îì |
| /dll.  ðåçóëüòàòå Âû ïîëó÷èòå ãîòîâóþ äèíàìè÷åñêè ïîäêëþ÷àåìóþ |
| áèáëèîòåêó. |
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| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.8.5> |
| <h2 id=12.8.5> |
| 12.8.5 Èíèöèàëèçàöèÿ DLL ïðè çàãðóçêå. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Èíîãäà, äëÿ ðàáîòû ïðîöåäóð èç äèíàìè÷åñêèõ áèáëèîòåê (DLL), áûâàåò |
| íåîáõîäèìûì èíèöèàëèçèðîâàòü íåêîòîðûå ïåðåìåííûå çíà÷åíèÿìè, çàâèñÿùèìè |
| 5350,12 → 5349,12 |
|---|
| { |
| ... |
| } |
| <A href="#contents12" style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><FONT size=-1 FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.8.6> |
| <h2 id=12.8.6> |
| 12.8.6 Êîìïèëÿöèÿ ðåñóðñîâ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Âñòðîåííûé â C-- êîìïèëÿòîð ðåñóðñîâ ïî ñâîèì âîçìîæíîñòÿì óñòóïàåò |
| ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûì êîìïèëÿòîðàì ðåñóðñîâ, íî ýòèõ âîçìîæíîñòåé, êàê ìíå |
| 5391,12 → 5390,12 |
|---|
| Íè÷òî íå ìåøàåò Âàì èñïîëüçîâàòü êîìïèëÿòîðû ðåñóðñîâ îò äðóãèõ |
| ÿçûêîâ. Ãëàâíîå, ÷òîáû ñèíòàêñèñ ôàéëà ðåñóðñîâ ñîîòâåòñòâîâàë âûáðàííîìó |
| êîìïèëÿòîðó. |
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| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=12.9> |
| <h2 id=12.9> |
| 12.9 Âûõîäíûå ôàéëû äëÿ MeOS. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Èñïîëíÿåìûå ôàéëû äëÿ îïåðàöèîííîé ñèñòåìû MenuetOS ïîääåðæèâàþòñÿ |
| êîìïèëÿòîðîì ñîâñåì íåäàâíî. Äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû îòêîìïèëèðîâàòü ôàéë äëÿ |
| 5409,14 → 5408,14 |
|---|
| ôàéë íà÷àëüíîé èíèöèàëèçàöèè <b>startup.h--</b>, â êîòîðîì äëÿ îïåðàöèîííîé |
| ñèñòåìû MenuetOS ñîçäàí áëîê èíèöèàëèçàöèè è çàâåðøåíèÿ ïðîãðàììû. |
| Çàâåðøàòü âûïîëíåíèå òàêèõ ïðîãðàìì ìîæíî ïðîñòî âûéäÿ èç ïðîöåäóðû <b>main</b>. |
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| <a href="#contents12"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=13.1> |
| <h2 id=13.1> |
| 13. Ïðèëîæåíèÿ. |
| |
| 13.1 Ïîèñê âêëþ÷àåìûõ ôàéëîâ. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ïîèñê âêëþ÷àåìîãî â âàøó ïðîãðàììó ôàéëà, èìÿ êîòîðîãî îáúÿâëÿåòñÿ |
| äèðåêòèâîé <b>include</b> è çàêëþ÷åíî â äâîéíûå êàâû÷êè "", ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ |
| 5441,12 → 5440,12 |
|---|
| |
| Äëÿ êîíñîëüíîé âåðñèè êîìïèëÿòîðà èìåíà ãëàâíîãî ìîäóëÿ è âêëþ÷àåìûõ |
| ôàéëîâ ìîãóò èìåòü äëèíó áîëåå 8 ñèìâîëîâ. |
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| <a href="#contents13"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=13.2> |
| <h2 id=13.2> |
| 13.2 Ðåãèñòðû, êîòîðûå äîëæíû áûòü ñîõðàíåíû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Ðåãèñòðû, êîòîðûå äîëæíû ñîõðàíÿòüñÿ - BP, DI, SI, DS, SS, SP, CS è IP. |
| |
| 5475,12 → 5474,12 |
|---|
| èñïîëüçîâàíèåì CS è IP, ñëåäîâàòåëüíî èõ çíà÷åíèÿ äîëæíû ñîõðàíÿòüñÿ. IP, |
| êàê èçâåñòíî, óêàçàòåëü àäðåñà êîìàíäû, è CS è IP íåïîñðåäñòâåííî íå ìîãóò |
| èçìåíÿòüñÿ â ïðîöåññîðàõ 8086, 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486,... |
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| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=13.3> |
| <h2 id=13.3> |
| 13.3 C--.ini ôàéë. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| C--.ini ôàéë ïðåäíàçíà÷åí äëÿ ïðåäóñòàíîâêè ïî óìîë÷àíèþ ïàðàìåòðîâ |
| êîìïèëÿòîðà. |
| 5531,12 → 5530,12 |
|---|
| ðåøàòü Âàì, íî êàê ãîâîðÿò, è ÿ ñ ýòèì ñîãëàñåí, ëó÷øå ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ çîëîòîé |
| ñåðåäèíîé - ×àñòü ïàðàìåòðîâ ïðîïèñàòü â c--.ini ôàéëå, à äðóãóþ |
| íåïîñðåäñòâåííî â êîìïèëèðóåìîì ôàéëå. |
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| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=13.4> |
| <h2 id=13.4> |
| 13.4 startup.h-- ôàéë. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| Â ýòîì ôàéëå íàõîäÿòñÿ èñõîäíûå òåêñòû, êîòîðûå êîìïèëèðóþòñÿ |
| êîìïèëÿòîðîì â êîä íà÷àëüíîé èíèöèàëèçàöèè ôàéëà, äëÿ âñåõ ïîääåðæèâàåìûõ |
| 5581,12 → 5580,12 |
|---|
| |
| ëèáî â c--.ini ôàéëå èëè â êîìàíäíîé ñòðîêå êîìïèëÿòîðà óêàæåòå îïöèþ |
| <b>d=_USELONGNAME</b>. |
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| <a href="#contents13"><FONT size=-1 COLOR="#ff0000">Return to contents.</FONT></A> |
| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=13.5> |
| <h2 id=13.5> |
| 13.5 mainlib.ldp ôàéë. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
|  ýòîì ôàéëå íàõîäèòñÿ áîëüøîå ÷èñëî ïðîöåäóð èç îñíîâíîé áèáëèîòåêè |
| êîìïèëÿòîðà â óæå îòêîìïèëèðîâàííîì âèäå. Âñå ïðîöåäóðû îòêîìïèëèðîâàíû â |
| 5615,12 → 5614,12 |
|---|
| cmmlib.rar. Èçâëåêèòå ïðîãðàììó cmmlib.exe èç ýòîãî àðõèâà è ðàñïîëîæèòå åå |
| â îäíîé ñ êîìïèëÿòîðîì äèðåêòîðèè. Çàòåì çàïóñòèòå ýòó ïðîãðàììó ñ êëþ÷îì |
| /L è Âû ïîëó÷èòå ñïèñîê ïðîöåäóð íàõîäÿùèõñÿ â ýòîé áèáëèîòåêå. |
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| |
| |
| <B><FONT FACE="Courier" COLOR="#ff0000"><A name=13.6> |
| <h2 id=13.6> |
| 13.6 C-- ñèìâîëû. |
| </A></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Courier"> |
| </h2> |
| |
| SYMBOL|FUNCTION |EXAMPLE |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 5669,29 → 5668,9 |
|---|
| |ôëàãà îïåðàöèè ñðàâíåíèÿ. | |
| ... |ëþáîå ÷èñëî ïàðàìåòðîâ â | void proc(...); |
| :: |ðàçðåøåíèå âèäèìîñòè | ::var=0; |
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| </font> |
| </PRE> |
| <P> |
| </font><SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">document.writeln(document.lastModified)</SCRIPT> |
| </font></p> |
| </body> |
| </td> |
| </table> |
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| |
| </PRE> |
| </body> |
| </center> |
| </div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| <br><br> |
| </HTML> |
| </textarea></form> |
| </title></comment></a> |
| </div></span></ilayer></layer></iframe></noframes></style></noscript></table></script></applet></font> |
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| #bn {display:block;} |
| #bt {display:block;} |
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